Discover psychology最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the negative link between perfectionism and emotional divergent thinking.","authors":"Jean-Christophe Goulet-Pelletier, Marie-France Beaudin, Denis Cousineau","doi":"10.1007/s44202-025-00330-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44202-025-00330-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous research has shown that perfectionism was negatively associated with the generation of original ideas in Divergent Thinking (DT) tasks, while striving for excellence was positively associated with it. However, the explanatory variables for these effects remain unclear. This study investigated the mediating roles of doubts about actions, concerns over mistakes, openness to experience, empathy, and emotions during DT tasks. Additionally, it examined an emotional DT task (i.e., naming frustrating things and things that affect one's self-esteem). From a sample of n = 282 university students, we replicated the negative association between perfectionism and DT abilities, though the effect size was smaller than in prior studies. Perfectionism correlated with lower empathy and greater primary negative emotions (e.g., fear) but similar openness to experience compared to excellencism. Mediation analyses revealed that doubts and concerns were unrelated to DT abilities. Openness to experience and empathy were positively correlated with DT abilities. Primary negative emotions during the tasks were negatively associated with the originality of answers. In contrast, positive emotions and secondary negative emotions (e.g., embarrassment) predicted more original ideas. These findings emphasize the importance of promoting excellencism over perfectionism to foster original ideas. This study has implications for overcoming barriers and supporting the creative process of individuals high on perfectionism. It also has implications for creativity researchers investigating the role of empathy and emotions in DT abilities.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44202-025-00330-x.</p>","PeriodicalId":520089,"journal":{"name":"Discover psychology","volume":"5 1","pages":"9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11850400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Men's use of cosmetic surgery and the role of traditional masculinity ideologies.","authors":"A Walther, A Möllmann, S Reppenhagen, U Ehlert, B Watzke, M Drüge, M Schneeberger, L Eggenberger","doi":"10.1007/s44202-024-00230-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44202-024-00230-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In western countries, men are increasingly using cosmetic surgery. However, despite this trend, there remains a dearth of information on the prevalence, acceptance, and motivations behind men's use of cosmetic surgery. Furthermore, the potential association between men's use of cosmetic surgery and in particular male-specific cosmetic surgery procedures such as head hair transplant or penis enlargement and traditional masculinity ideologies (TMI) has not been investigated so far. For this purpose, a cross-sectional anonymous online survey was conducted among 241 self-identifying men aged 18 years or older from the German-speaking part of Europe. Participants responded to questions about cosmetic surgery use and experiences, and completed the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-Short Form (CMNI-SF) and the Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF) questionnaires to assess conformity with and endorsement of TMI. Of the 241 men investigated, 47 (19.5%) had undergone cosmetic surgery. The most common types of cosmetic surgeries reported were wrinkle treatment, eyelid correction, and head-hair transplant. Penis enlargement procedures were reported by three (6.4%) of the 47 men who had undergone cosmetic surgery. The main reasons for undergoing surgery were to feel better (72.3%) and look better (55.3%), while to increase sexual success (17.0%) and to increase manliness (14.9%) were also reported. Logistic regression models showed that higher conformity to TMI (CMNI-SF) was associated with higher odds of having undergone cosmetic surgery. The results highlight the overall increase in men's cosmetic surgery use and its specific characteristics. The significant positive association between conformity to TMI and men's use of cosmetic surgery suggests that men increasingly use cosmetic surgery as a means to assert power, success, dominance, and sexual success.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s44202-024-00230-6.</p>","PeriodicalId":520089,"journal":{"name":"Discover psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11379790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The benefits of transformational leadership for addressing workplace emotions after COVID-19 at a large multi-campus university.","authors":"Nicholas O Rule, Cheryl Regehr","doi":"10.1007/s44202-024-00244-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44202-024-00244-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic presented a series of challenges to organizations. Among those that successfully continued operating, the subsequent recovery period catalyzed pressure to redefine work structure after social distancing restrictions lifted. Here, we observed the benefits of transformational leadership in this historically unique context of organizational distress by applying an adjusted version of Ashkanasy and Dorris's (Ashkanasy and Dorris in Annu Rev Organ Psych Organ Behav 4:67-90, 2017) framework for workplace emotions to a large, multi-campus university. We quantitatively content-analyzed semi-structured interviews of more than 300 divisional leaders and their staff from across the organization. Interviews occurred in the months following the first semester of continuous in-person service delivery, when most employees returned to working in employer-operated space. Despite disproportionate emphasis on negative and self-focused emotions, negative emotions clustered in individuals' empathic recognition of others' emotions; though efforts to regulate those emotions proved scant. Positive emotions primarily emerged in response to local leadership efforts to mitigate the negative emotions of students, staff, and faculty. This data pattern suggests that individuals experienced negative emotions, recognized others' negative emotions, and appreciated leaders' interventions to ameliorate those negative emotions. Strategies reminiscent of transformational leadership therefore productively addressed the negative impact of workplace stress imposed by the pandemic, helping to facilitate compliance and enthusiasm with return-to-work efforts. The findings thus illustrate how a transformational style of leadership can address individuals' negative experiences during a period of pronounced existential stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":520089,"journal":{"name":"Discover psychology","volume":"4 1","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11467027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142485583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}