Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society最新文献

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The Impact of Cybersecurity Attacks on Human Trust in Autonomous Vehicle Operations 网络安全攻击对自动驾驶汽车运行中人类信任的影响

Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1177/00187208241283321

Cherin Lim, David Prendez, Linda Ng Boyle, Prashanth Rajivan

{"title":"The Impact of Cybersecurity Attacks on Human Trust in Autonomous Vehicle Operations","authors":"Cherin Lim, David Prendez, Linda Ng Boyle, Prashanth Rajivan","doi":"10.1177/00187208241283321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208241283321","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThis study examines the extent to which cybersecurity attacks on autonomous vehicles (AVs) affect human trust dynamics and driver behavior.BackgroundHuman trust is critical for the adoption and continued use of AVs. A pressing concern in this context is the persistent threat of cyberattacks, which pose a formidable threat to the secure operations of AVs and consequently, human trust.MethodA driving simulator experiment was conducted with 40 participants who were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) Experience and Feedback and (2) Experience-Only. All participants experienced three drives: Baseline, Attack, and Post-Attack Drive. The Attack Drive prevented participants from properly operating the vehicle in multiple incidences. Only the “Experience and Feedback” group received a security update in the Post-Attack drive, which was related to the mitigation of the vehicle’s vulnerability. Trust and foot positions were recorded for each drive.ResultsFindings suggest that attacks on AVs significantly degrade human trust, and remains degraded even after an error-less drive. Providing an update about the mitigation of the vulnerability did not significantly affect trust repair.ConclusionTrust toward AVs should be analyzed as an emergent and dynamic construct that requires autonomous systems capable of calibrating trust after malicious attacks through appropriate experience and interaction design.ApplicationThe results of this study can be applied when building driver and situation-adaptive AI systems within AVs.","PeriodicalId":520013,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Brain Activation to Explain the Take-Over Failure in Conditionally Automated Driving 解释有条件自动驾驶中接管失败的大脑激活时空分析

Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1177/00187208241283606

Weiru Yin, Chen Chai, Shixuan Weng, Xiupeng Shi

{"title":"A Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Brain Activation to Explain the Take-Over Failure in Conditionally Automated Driving","authors":"Weiru Yin, Chen Chai, Shixuan Weng, Xiupeng Shi","doi":"10.1177/00187208241283606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208241283606","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the causes of take-over failures in conditional automated driving with spatial-temporal analysis of brain zone activation.BackgroundTake-over requires a human driver to resume the control of the vehicle when its automation system disengages. Existing studies have found that take-over failures occur frequently on some drivers, but the causes have not been thoroughly studied.MethodIn a driving simulator experiment, 40 drivers took over in critical freeway cut-in situations. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data were collected before and during the take-over process to evaluate brain zone activation. Successful and failed take-overs were compared with changes in fNIRS data based on spatial-temporal comparisons and cluster analysis.ResultsThe results suggested a significant difference in temporal brain activation between take-over failure and success conditions. Take-over failure conditions are mostly related to earlier and longer brain activation in most brain zones and repeated activation of the cognition brain zones. Drivers’ attention switches, steering, and braking patterns are also related to different brain zone activation orders.ConclusionThe results indicate the need to reduce the mental workload caused by the sudden system disengagement to prevent take-over failure.ApplicationFuture research and implementation should focus on earlier warnings of upcoming hazards and driver education in dealing with sudden system disengagement.","PeriodicalId":520013,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sustaining Situational Assessment in Electrical Network Power Control 在电网电力控制中持续进行态势评估

Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Pub Date : 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1177/00187208241272072

Mark W. Wiggins, Jaime C. Auton, Daniel Sturman, Ben W. Morrison, Brett R. C. Molesworth

{"title":"Sustaining Situational Assessment in Electrical Network Power Control","authors":"Mark W. Wiggins, Jaime C. Auton, Daniel Sturman, Ben W. Morrison, Brett R. C. Molesworth","doi":"10.1177/00187208241272072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208241272072","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine contributions to sustained situational assessment over an extended period in the context of electricity transmission control.BackgroundThe electricity industry is engaged in a period of unprecedented change in the transition to renewable sources of energy. Changes in the nature and function of electricity transmission risks a reduction in situational assessment as network controllers place increased reliance on advanced technology to identify and diagnose changes in the system state.MethodTransmission network controllers from three organisations completed an assessment of their situational assessment on two occasions, one year apart.ResultsMultiple regression revealed a statistically significant model in which the variance in Year 2 was predicted by a combination of performance in Year 1, the recency of formal training, and the extent to which controllers perceived their job as exciting. No relationship was evident for years of experience as a network controller.ConclusionThe results suggest that a combination of recent formal training and perceptions of job excitement may have implications in maintaining the capacity for situational assessment over an extended period in the context of electricity network control.ApplicationThe outcomes of the present study suggest that changes in situational assessment can be monitored and that strategies, including formal training and job design, may sustain situational assessment over an extended period in advanced technology settings.","PeriodicalId":520013,"journal":{"name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0