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ESR Analysis of Fe3+ and Mn2+ Complexes in Lignite Fulvic Acids 褐煤富酸中 Fe3+ 和 Mn2+ 复合物的 ESR 分析
IF 0.4
Coke and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X24600465
N. S. Zakharov, S. A. Sozinov, S. I. Zherebtsov, N. V. Malyshenko, K. M. Shpakodraev
{"title":"ESR Analysis of Fe3+ and Mn2+ Complexes in Lignite Fulvic Acids","authors":"N. S. Zakharov,&nbsp;S. A. Sozinov,&nbsp;S. I. Zherebtsov,&nbsp;N. V. Malyshenko,&nbsp;K. M. Shpakodraev","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X24600465","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X24600465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Samples of humic materials—humic acids and fulvic acids—derived from Tisul lignite (Kansk-Achinsk Basin) are investigated by ESR (electron spin resonance) spectroscopy. The concentration of free radicals declines in the following sequence: lignite, humic acids, fulvic acids. The proportion of aliphatic radicals increases in the same sequence. By simulation of the ESR spectra of the fulvic acids and comparison with the experimental spectra, natural complexes of fulvic acids with Fe<sup>3+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions are detected. By determining the splitting parameters in zero field (<i>D</i> and <i>E</i>), it is established that the complexes with Fe<sup>3+</sup> have axial symmetry, with a complex multilevel structure. The internal coordination sphere of the complex consists of water molecules, whereas the external coordination sphere consists of oxygen-bearing fulvic acid groups. The calculated hyperfine structure constant of the experimental ESR spectra for the complexes with Mn<sup>2+</sup> (79.7 G) is lower than the typical value for the octahedral Mn<sup>2+</sup> complex [Mn(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>. That indicates partial replacement of the water molecules by oxygen-bearing functional groups of fulvic acids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":"67 5","pages":"278 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global Market for Metallurgical Coal 全球冶金煤市场
IF 0.4
Coke and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X24600507
S. V. Nedelin, P. I. Chernousov, S. V. Myasoedov, A. N. Uzunova
{"title":"Global Market for Metallurgical Coal","authors":"S. V. Nedelin,&nbsp;P. I. Chernousov,&nbsp;S. V. Myasoedov,&nbsp;A. N. Uzunova","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X24600507","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X24600507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The two categories of metallurgical coal are coal for coking and pulverized coal for injection in blast furnaces. The most significant characteristics of coking coal are those determined by technical analysis (yield of volatiles, ash content, etc.) and the metallurgical properties determining the quality of blast furnace coke. For pulverized coal, the important parameters are those determined by technical analysis, the calorific value, and the grinding index. Demand for metallurgical coal depends on the output of pig iron, which, in turn, depends on regional characteristics. Even in the era of the green agenda, metallurgical coal retains its benefits. Increase in the supply of metallurgical coal may be expected to continue until 2030. Most such coal comes from Australia, Russia, and Mongolia. In Russia, several large coal projects are underway (ELSI, Kolmar, Severnaya Zvezda). The goal is to export the coal, especially to Asia. Russian exports will increase by 20 million t per year in the near future, according to the authors’ predictions. Global coal prices depend on production costs, which are at historically high levels. If global prices fall, the market will respond speedily, as high-cost suppliers are driven from the market, restricting supply, and global prices rise again.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":"67 5","pages":"271 - 277"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Influence of the Ozonation of Coal Tar on Pitch Quality 煤焦油臭氧处理对沥青质量的影响
IF 0.4
Coke and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X24600520
O. M. Gavrilyuk, S. A. Semenova, V. Yu. Malysheva, D. R. Nurmukhametov
{"title":"Influence of the Ozonation of Coal Tar on Pitch Quality","authors":"O. M. Gavrilyuk,&nbsp;S. A. Semenova,&nbsp;V. Yu. Malysheva,&nbsp;D. R. Nurmukhametov","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X24600520","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X24600520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The structure of coal tar pitch produced from industrial tar and pitch produced from tar modified by ozone is compared. The pitch structure is identified by standard analysis of pitch, IR and NMR spectroscopy, and elemental and thermogravimetric analysis. Modification of tar by ozone increases the yield of pitch, its content of the α fraction, the yield of volatiles, and the softening temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":"67 5","pages":"288 - 294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparison of Methods for Determining the Reactivity CRI of Blast Furnace Coke 高炉焦炭反应性 CRI 测定方法比较
IF 0.4
Coke and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-08-18 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X24600477
A. N. Smirnov, S. A. Krylova, M. Yu. Zhidkov, T. A. Shaykhislamova, P. A. Budaev
{"title":"Comparison of Methods for Determining the Reactivity CRI of Blast Furnace Coke","authors":"A. N. Smirnov,&nbsp;S. A. Krylova,&nbsp;M. Yu. Zhidkov,&nbsp;T. A. Shaykhislamova,&nbsp;P. A. Budaev","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X24600477","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X24600477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reactivity of coke (<i>CRI</i>) and the coke strength after reaction with CO<sub>2</sub> (<i>CSR</i>) are important characteristics of blast furnace coke. The reactivity <i>CRI</i> of coke reflects its ability to react with reducing gases, while the hot strength <i>CSR</i> indicates its ability to maintain its structure and its resistance to failure under the batch column in the blast furnace at high temperature and pressure. Methods of determining <i>CRI</i> and <i>CSR</i> were developed in Japan half a century ago. Experience shows that, for coking in the same coke oven, the spread of <i>CRI</i> and <i>CSR</i> may be 6% or more, whereas State Standard GOST 54250–2010 requires values no higher than 3–4%. Additional research is required to establish the causes of this discrepancy and to identify means for its elimination. In the present work, we report Indian research using an updated method of determining <i>CRI</i> and <i>CSR</i>. New experiments are conducted to test the findings of the Indian research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":"67 5","pages":"283 - 287"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142183993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Physical Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer in Laboratory Coking 1. Furnace Design: A Review 实验室炼焦中传热和传质的物理模型 1.熔炉设计：综述
IF 0.4
Coke and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X24600428
D. I. Alekseev, S. A. Krylova
{"title":"Physical Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer in Laboratory Coking 1. Furnace Design: A Review","authors":"D. I. Alekseev,&nbsp;S. A. Krylova","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X24600428","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X24600428","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The basic components of a furnace for laboratory coking are considered. The problems encountered in organizing laboratory coking are discussed. Among the features of coking, particular attention is paid to the poor thermal conductivity of the coal charge, which sets limits on the design. Photographs of coke samples obtained in two different furnaces are presented: one furnace has bottom heat supply, while the other has bilateral heat supply. The structure of the coke samples is considered. The coke produced with bottom heat supply has characteristics such as cauliflowers, tar lines, particles of finger and palm type, and also longitudinal and transverse cracks. Such elements are also seen in industrial coke. The coke produced with bilateral heat supply takes the shape of the coking chamber. It consists of many structural elements with sharp corners. The geometry of the coke cake may reflect the specifics of the heat and mass transfer. Accordingly, in designing the furnace for laboratory coking, it is important to produce coke whose geometry resembles that of industrial coke.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":"67 4","pages":"251 - 262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coal Bed Pressure, Gas Content, Sorptional Capacity of Coal Bed, and the Langmuir Equation 煤层压力、瓦斯含量、煤层吸附能力和朗缪尔方程
IF 0.4
Coke and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X24600416
V. A. Bobin, E. N. Kozyreva
{"title":"Coal Bed Pressure, Gas Content, Sorptional Capacity of Coal Bed, and the Langmuir Equation","authors":"V. A. Bobin,&nbsp;E. N. Kozyreva","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X24600416","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X24600416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The coal bed pressure (reservoir pressure) is shown to be the pressure of the gas within the sealed borehole cavity within the bed after equilibrium has been established between the desorption of methane from the bed and its resorption on account of the pressure that develops. It is established that the Langmuir equation cannot be used to assess the gas content of the coal bed if the saturation pressure in adsorption is replaced by the bed pressure, since these concepts are fundamentally different. In fact, their physical significance is different: the saturation pressure is created by an external source and drives methane into the bed, whereas the bed pressure is created within the bed as a result of methane desorption within a sealed volume containing gas-bearing coal. The Langmuir equation may be used to describe the methane sorption by coal up to a saturation pressure of 5 MPa, since the influence of the coal’s structural transformation and consequent swelling may be disregarded within that range. In addition, it is shown for a specific example that, instead of using the Langmuir equation, whose constants are determined theoretically, the isotherms of methane sorption by coal with moderate methane filling may be described by the Freundlich equation, whose constants are determined empirically.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":"67 4","pages":"232 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rapid Analysis of Coke Quality by Raman Spectroscopy 利用拉曼光谱快速分析焦炭质量
IF 0.4
Coke and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X24600398
M. V. Shishanov, T. V. Bukharkina, M. S. Luchkin, A. A. Morozov, O. N. Volkova, N. P. Zubakhin
{"title":"Rapid Analysis of Coke Quality by Raman Spectroscopy","authors":"M. V. Shishanov,&nbsp;T. V. Bukharkina,&nbsp;M. S. Luchkin,&nbsp;A. A. Morozov,&nbsp;O. N. Volkova,&nbsp;N. P. Zubakhin","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X24600398","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X24600398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The relationship between the results of Raman spectroscopy and the characteristics <i>CSR</i> and <i>CRI</i> of metallurgical coke is investigated. Coke samples with known <i>CSR</i> and <i>CRI</i> from Moskoks are studied. Each sample is investigated by Raman spectroscopy. The height/area ratio is determined for the <i>G</i> and <i>D</i> spectral lines. On that basis, these characteristics are plotted against <i>CSR</i> and <i>CRI</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":"67 4","pages":"238 - 242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hymatomelanic and Humous Acids in Lignite: Spectral Analysis 褐煤中的麦饭石酸和腐植酸：光谱分析
IF 0.4
Coke and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X2460043X
K. S. Votolin, S. I. Zherebtsov, K. M. Shpakodraev, N. V. Malyshenko
{"title":"Hymatomelanic and Humous Acids in Lignite: Spectral Analysis","authors":"K. S. Votolin,&nbsp;S. I. Zherebtsov,&nbsp;K. M. Shpakodraev,&nbsp;N. V. Malyshenko","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X2460043X","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X2460043X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Humous and hymatomelanic acids are obtained by separating humic acids from Kansk-Achinsk and South Ural lignite. The yield of humic material is greatest for naturally oxidized lignite from the Tisul’sk field in Kansk-Achinsk Basin: 60.9% humic acids, 49.6% humous acids, and 11.3% hymatomelanic acids. The acid fractions are characterized by Fourier transform IR (FTIR) and <sup>13</sup>C NMR (CPMAS) spectroscopy, as well as elemental and technical analysis. The elemental composition and structural group composition of the humic, humous, and hymatomelanic acids differ significantly. The composition of the humic acids is complex, with aromatic and aliphatic fragments. The hymatomelanic acids consist mainly of aliphatic fragments. The content of carbon and aromatic fragments is higher for humous acids, which are insoluble in alcohol, than for hymatomelanic acids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":"67 4","pages":"225 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Production of Special Coke for Electrothermal Silicon Production from Central Kazakhstan Coal 利用哈萨克斯坦中部煤炭生产用于电热硅生产的特种焦炭
IF 0.4
Coke and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X24600386
G. A. Ulyeva, O. V. Yemelyanova
{"title":"Production of Special Coke for Electrothermal Silicon Production from Central Kazakhstan Coal","authors":"G. A. Ulyeva,&nbsp;O. V. Yemelyanova","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X24600386","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X24600386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nonclinkering coal from the Shubarkol, Kuu-Chek, and Sary Adyr fields in the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan are considered; the types of coal and their properties are determined, and coal samples are subjected to petrographic analysis. Technology for producing special coke from such coal is outlined. The influence of this technology on the properties and microstructure of the reducing agents produced is studied. The reducing agents may be used in the electrothermal production of industrial-grade silicon.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":"67 4","pages":"243 - 250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ore–Carbon Briquets Derived from Power Plant Ash and Slag 从发电厂灰烬和炉渣中提取的矿石碳砖
IF 0.4
Coke and Chemistry Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.3103/S1068364X24600374
A. M. Bizhanov, A. R. Makavetskas
{"title":"Ore–Carbon Briquets Derived from Power Plant Ash and Slag","authors":"A. M. Bizhanov,&nbsp;A. R. Makavetskas","doi":"10.3103/S1068364X24600374","DOIUrl":"10.3103/S1068364X24600374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The material composition of magnetic fractions in fly ash and slag from lignite-based thermal power plants is studied. The production of high-quality iron concentrate by magnetic separation is hindered by the high content of Ca, Mg, and Mn oxides in spinels of magnetite type (up to 13% altogether). The magnetic fraction includes a considerable proportion of glassy phase (up to 15%), containing 15–45% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The probable limiting iron content in the final product is 59–60% (84.4–85.8% Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>). The magnetic fraction of the fly ash and slag may be recommended as the iron-bearing component of ore–carbon briquets. Coal based on incompletely burned lignite concentrate without additional treatment is not sufficiently reactive for use as the carbon component of such briquets. It is shown here for the first time that, with appropriate treatment, both components may be used together in ore–carbon briquets suitable for the blast furnace.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":519,"journal":{"name":"Coke and Chemistry","volume":"67 4","pages":"263 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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