Frontiers in transplantation最新文献

{"title":"Barriers and facilitators to developing an equity dashboard to identify disparities in kidney transplant access: a mixed methods study.","authors":"Rachel Forbes, Marissa C Kuo, Marianna D Frazee, James L Rogers, Praveen Vimalathas, Hannah L Brooks, Elisa J Gordon","doi":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1906784","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1906784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>While kidney transplant disparities are well-documented, little is known about disparities in the evaluation process after referral. Electronic dashboards interfacing with electronic health records can disaggregate patient data to identify potential avenues for reducing disparities. This cross-sectional study assessed contextual and design factors that would inform implementation of an 'Equity Dashboard' at one transplant center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinicians, implementation science experts, and patients were interviewed. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Quantitative data comprised primarily descriptive survey data collected during interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty clinicians/experts and 23 patients participated. Perceived facilitators included: Inner Setting constructs of mission alignment, culture, tension for change, compatibility, and structural characteristics; and Individual Characteristics construct of high-level leaders. Dashboard alignment was expected with institutional commitment to patient-centered care, center workflow, and leadership support. Perceived barriers included: Intervention Characteristics construct of costs; and Inner Setting constructs of access to knowledge and information, information technology infrastructure, and work infrastructure. Financial costs were expected to support information technology development, staff training and time, and interventions arising from dashboard findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that perceived barriers were largely modifiable while perceived facilitators were immutable and integral to the institution, which would facilitate dashboard implementation. Future research will evaluate dashboard implementation on patients' transplant access.</p>","PeriodicalId":519976,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in transplantation","volume":"5 ","pages":"1906784"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13529691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT2 inhibitors in kidney transplant recipients: metabolic changes, potassium-related safety and implications for albuminuria assessment.","authors":"Lino Henkel, Lisa Ingmanns, Florian Westphal, Amélie F Menke, Hermann Pavenstädt, Ulrich Jehn, Göran R Boeckel, Stefan Reuter","doi":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1927374","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1927374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are established therapies in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but comparative data in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively matched 100 KTR receiving SGLT2i to 100 controls not receiving SGLT2i and assessed body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum potassium, RAAS inhibitor use, blood pressure, and safety outcomes at 6 and 12 months. Furthermore, we compared the Jaffé and enzymatic methods to examine the effect of SGLT2i-associated glucosuria on urinary creatinine measurements and the resulting uACR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BMI decreased in the intervention group and increased in controls; the overall adjusted between-group difference across follow-up remained statistically significant. Descriptive between-group differences in HbA1c were observed at 6 and 12 months, but were not confirmed after multivariable adjustment. Neither uACR nor eGFR differed significantly at 12 months, despite an initial decline in eGFR at 6 months. Serum potassium remained stable over time. Hyperkalemia was associated with lower eGFR, but not with SGLT2i treatment, and RAAS inhibitor persistence did not differ between groups. No statistically detectable differences or clear new safety signals were observed for blood pressure, urinary tract infections, cardiovascular events, or hospitalizations during follow-up. Jaffé-based creatinine measurements were lower than enzymatic measurements, increasing calculated uACR by approximately 8.5% (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with rare albuminuria stage reclassification.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SGLT2i use was associated with favorable metabolic changes, particularly a reduction in BMI, without evidence of increased potassium-related risk. No improvement in graft function or albuminuria was observed over 1 year. SGLT2i-associated glucosuria systematically increased Jaffé-based uACR estimates, although clinically relevant albuminuria reclassification was uncommon.</p>","PeriodicalId":519976,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in transplantation","volume":"5 ","pages":"1927374"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13530008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation: timing, stent association, extended-spectrum β-lactamase infections, and clinical outcomes in a large cohort.","authors":"Rehab Salah Fathy Nasr, Dieter Clemens Broering, Dalia Abdullah Ghalib Obeid, Reem Almaghrabi, Enas Mamdouh Mohamed Ali Hussein, Amir Nasser Teljabini, Manar Mohammed Saber Almadi, Tariq Zulfiqar Ali","doi":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1902904","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1902904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Urinary tract infection (UTI) including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms is a common early complication after kidney transplantation. Increasing prevalence of ESBL may adversely affect graft and patient outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, timing, predictors, and outcomes of UTI, including ESBL infection, after kidney transplantation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We retrospectively studied 1,804 adult kidney transplant recipients (2016-2024) at a tertiary center. UTIs were analyzed for incidence, timing, microbiology, and predictors using multivariable logistic regression. Outcomes included rejection, graft loss, and mortality. ESBL and non-ESBL UTIs were compared, and long-term outcomes assessed using Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UTI occurred in 693 recipients (38.4%) within the first year post-transplant with 57.4% occurring within 30 days and 84.2% within 90 days. UTIs were more common during ureteric stent indwelling than after removal (64.3% vs. 35.7%). Independent predictors included female sex, older age, deceased donor transplantation, pre-transplant UTI, and post-transplant urological complications. ESBL UTI were identified in 47.9% of patients and were associated with earlier infection, higher recurrence rates and occurred more frequently during stent indwelling (69.0% vs. 60.1%, <i>p</i> = 0.015). UTI was associated with higher rejection, graft loss, and mortality (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.005). ESBL UTI further increased rejection and graft loss. In adjusted analyses, ESBL UTI independently associated with death-censored graft loss (aHR 2.10, <i>p</i> = 0.047) and mortality (aHR 2.17, <i>p</i> = 0.025).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>UTIs are common early after kidney transplantation, particularly during ureteric stent indwelling. ESBL infections are independently associated with adverse graft outcomes and mortality, supporting targeted surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and ureteric stent management optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":519976,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in transplantation","volume":"5 ","pages":"1902904"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13503260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148820891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMIT-ANZ: an audit of cholangiocarcinoma and mixed hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangiocarcinoma outcomes for patients undergoing liver transplantation in Australia and New Zealand.","authors":"Georgina E Riddiough, Kat Hall, Mandy Byrne, Kai Brown, Daniel Kilburn, Su Kah Goh, Matthew Marshall-Webb, Carlo Pulitano, Karen Chan, Adam Philipoff, Ali Nazaar, Eunice Lee","doi":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1856922","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1856922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recent ILTS guidance supports liver transplantation for patients with very small intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. This guidance was informed mainly by North American and European data. The applicability of these guidelines to the region of Australia and New Zealand is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was performed to measure clinical outcomes of liver transplantation in the ANZ region to ascertain the applicability of this new guidance to this region. Historic patients having undergone LT for known cholangiocarcinoma or incidentally detected cholangiocarcinoma or mixed type hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinomas on explant histology were identified via a national registry. Data was inputted from all transplant units within the ANZ region.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that 64 patients had either knowingly or unknowingly been transplanted for cholangiocarcinoma or mixed type hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma in our region.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Overall survival for patients with very small intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas was 80%, in line with the current international data. We also report 5-year overall survival for patients with incidentally detected mixed tumours on explant histology was 68%.</p>","PeriodicalId":519976,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in transplantation","volume":"5 ","pages":"1856922"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13493370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming organ donation and transplantation: challenges, innovations, and future directions.","authors":"Rachana Yogesh Patil, Yogesh H Patil","doi":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1855853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frtra.2026.1855853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organ donation and transplantation has been one of the most important parts of the modern healthcare system that deals with the end-stage organ failure and enhances quality of life and patient survival. But the existing problems of donor scarcity, lack of efficiency in donors usage, mismatches in different organs, regional imbalance, logistic problems and uncoordinated data sharing system have been still a hindrance in the success of the transplantation systems and it is a critical observation of the present situation in the field of organ donation and transplantation which is justified by data analysis of the tendencies in the usage of the donors, tendencies in organ transplantation and regional differences. The paper also outlines the major challenges in the current systems and the new technologies that will be able to revolutionize the transplantation processes such as Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and Big Data Analytics. At the same time, new technologies that would help to extend the \"liveness\" of organs are also carefully analysed as potential ways to simplify the choices, improve the transparency and logistics. While there are solutions to these technologies, some barriers to the technologies are interoperability, governance, ethical issues and the availability of infrastructure. Lastly, the paper provides the research directions in the future, which revolve around convergence of heterogeneous technologies, development of interoperable data ecosystems and the necessity of having equitable and patient-centered transplantation systems. Overall, this review provides an in-depth opinion of the problems, innovations, and directions that need to be introduced to transform organ donation and transplantation into a more efficient, transparent, and accessible healthcare sector on the international scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":519976,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in transplantation","volume":"5 ","pages":"1855853"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13487882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: Recurrent hypoglycemia due to graft-derived insulinoma in a patient with type 1 diabetes following pancreas-kidney transplantation.","authors":"Carme Figueredo, Maria Iraola, Marta Aymerich, Neus Villamor, Ivan Archilla, Joana Ferrer-Fàbrega, Antonio J Amor, Pedro Ventura-Aguiar","doi":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1889705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frtra.2026.1889705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoglycemia is a frequent finding after simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation, but its etiology is often multifactorial and challenging to interpret. We report a rare case of late-onset severe hypoglycemia secondary to a neuroendocrine tumor arising in a pancreatic allograft. A 60-year-old man with type 1 diabetes mellitus underwent SPK transplantation in 2007 with immediate graft function and long-term metabolic stability. Ten years post-transplant, partial pancreatic graft dysfunction and progressive vascular complications were noted. In 2024, 17 years after transplantation, the patient developed recurrent, documented hypoglycemic episodes despite withdrawal of glucose-lowering therapy, with fasting plasma glucose values as low as 40 mg/dL and a marked reduction in HbA1c. Biochemical evaluation suggested endogenous hyperinsulinism, with elevated chromogranin A levels. Imaging studies revealed a large hypervascular mass within the pancreatic graft, with high somatostatin receptor expression on 68Ga-DOTA-TOC PET-CT. Histology from biopsy and subsequent total graft pancreatectomy confirmed a well-differentiated grade 2 neuroendocrine tumor with focal insulin expression, consistent with insulinoma. Surgical resection resulted in complete resolution of hypoglycemia. This case highlights the need to consider rare but clinically significant causes of hypoglycemia in SPK recipients and underscores the importance of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary diagnostic approach integrating continuous glucose monitoring, biochemical markers, and advanced imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":519976,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in transplantation","volume":"5 ","pages":"1889705"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chimerism practices across Canadian transplant centres: review of current standards and variations.","authors":"Matthew Gravina, Kylie Lepic, Brian Leber, Irwin Walker, Tobias Berg, Wilson Lam, Alejandro Garcia-Horton, Shreyash Dalmia, Daria Grafodatskaya, Darci T Butcher, Joseph Alexander Aziz, Michael Radford","doi":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1879340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frtra.2026.1879340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chimerism analysis is used in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to evaluate donor engraftment and assess underlying disease status. Practices vary greatly amongst Canadian transplant centres, and currently, there are no consensus guidelines for testing methodology, time points, cellular source and clinical interventions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To review the current chimerism practice patterns for Canadian transplant centres and review current literature.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We surveyed members of Cell Therapy and Transplant Canada (CTTC) via a web based application regarding chimerism practices nationwide with approximately half of all transplant centres responding.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of centres used similar chimerism laboratory methodologies, though we identified key areas of heterogeneity across transplant centres, namely in the time points for testing and the cellular lineages evaluated. Implications and management of mixed donor chimerism also varied between centres resulting in variability of interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Review of current chimerism testing literature highlighted the improving sensitivities of novel testing methods available as well as testing specific cellular lineages to evaluate ongoing donor hematopoiesis. Our survey emphasizes the importance of advocating for a national standard in chimerism testing, and subsequent management based on chimerism results, to better inform clinical practice and to aid in development of prospective research.</p>","PeriodicalId":519976,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in transplantation","volume":"5 ","pages":"1879340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13473900/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graft quality assessment during machine perfusion in liver transplantation: a review of current evidence and emerging strategies.","authors":"Francisco Calderon Novoa, Franklin Gorospe, Nazia Selzner, Markus Selzner","doi":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1892796","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1892796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Machine perfusion (MP) has transformed liver transplantation by enabling organ reconditioning, extending preservation times, and providing a dynamic platform for graft quality assessment. The ability to evaluate organ viability represents one of the most clinically impactful applications of this technology. As different perfusion modalities develop, distinct strategies have emerged to characterize graft viability. However, despite the growing evidence, significant heterogeneity remains in the parameters and thresholds employed, varying between each MP modality, as well as between centers. This review provides a comprehensive and critical synthesis of available evidence on viability assessment during each perfusion modality, and discusses promising new strategies in the race to the holy grail of viability assessment: prevention of both primary non-function (PNF) as well as the prediction of ischemic cholangiopathy (IC), so as to achieve tangible benefits in patient-centered outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":519976,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in transplantation","volume":"5 ","pages":"1892796"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13457723/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148715212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Chauvet 2025 meeting report: an update on current psychosocial research in vascularized composite allotransplantation.","authors":"Helen Stark, Sheila G Jowsey-Gregoire, Simon Talbot, David Leonard, Patrik Lassus, Hatem Amer, Vasyly Rohovyy, Emmanuel Morelon, Palmina Petruzzo, Maggie Bellew, Martin Kumnig","doi":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1900898","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1900898","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under the auspices of the International Society of Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (ISVCA), a section of the Transplantation Society (TTS) that promotes and encourages research and training in the field of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), the 4th Chauvet Workshop was convened in conjunction with the biennial meeting of the ISVCA from 27-29th June 2025 in Helsinki, Finland. The Chauvet workgroup recognizes the importance of psychological evaluation and management in VCA and works to provide an interdisciplinary platform for the development of psychosocial guidelines for the field. For the first time this workshop was conducted jointly with the ISVCA biennial congress, facilitating wider attendance, and discussions between different units and across disciplines. Three main areas were discussed; outcomes and lessons learned, qualitative research approaches and patient reported outcome measures (PROMS), and the role of team science in complex care models. We also heard an update from patient advocate Vasyly Rohovyy, on the progress being made to develop a VCA patient support and advocacy community. Here we summarize these discussions.</p>","PeriodicalId":519976,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in transplantation","volume":"5 ","pages":"1900898"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13438373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148681912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial transplantation in emerging adulthood: characterizing challenges and opportunities to support optimal outcomes.","authors":"Michael E McKenna, Hailey P Wyatt, Alexis K Gursky, Eduardo D Rodriguez, Laura L Kimberly","doi":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1880820","DOIUrl":"10.3389/frtra.2026.1880820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ethical considerations in facial transplantation have been widely discussed for more than twenty years, preceding the technical realization of the procedure in 2005. With more than 50 face transplants performed to date in adults worldwide, considerations are evolving beyond risks and benefits toward questions of equity and sustainability. Yet, issues of informed consent, the risk of lifelong immunosuppression, graft lifespan, and metrics for success continue to prompt dialogue, especially for certain patient populations. In this Perspective, we combine our clinical experience with a synthesis of the existing evidence and propose that emerging adults, characterized as individuals aged 18-25, be given particular consideration. Emerging adults occupy a middle ground between adolescence and established adulthood. This formative life stage has a profound impact on an individual's sense of identity and social integration. Emerging adults stand to benefit significantly from facial transplantation precisely because of the key developmental nature of this stage, yet ongoing cognitive development presents challenges for judgement and decision-making that can complicate care for this population and impact outcomes. Given the complexity of facial transplantation and lifelong commitment to follow up required for face transplant recipients, it is critical to understand potential challenges for decision-making and obstacles to adherence that individuals may face in this developmental life stage. Recognizing emerging adults as a patient population with specific support needs will enable face transplant programs to offer tailored supports to improve outcomes for this transformative procedure in emerging adulthood.</p>","PeriodicalId":519976,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in transplantation","volume":"5 ","pages":"1880820"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13391569/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148581956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}