The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation最新文献

{"title":"Cognitive Reserve in Individuals Aging With Traumatic Brain Injury: Independent and Interactive Effects on Cognitive Functioning.","authors":"Umesh M Venkatesan,&nbsp;Amanda R Rabinowitz,&nbsp;Rachel A Bernier,&nbsp;Frank G Hillary","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000000697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the influence of 2 temporal factors-age and injury chronicity-on the relationship between cognitive reserve (CR) and cognitive functioning in older adults with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Outpatient research laboratory.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Adults, 50 years or older, with a 1- to 45-year history of moderate or severe TBI (N = 108).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional observational study.</p><p><strong>Main measures: </strong>CR was estimated using demographically corrected performance on a word-reading test (an approximation of premorbid IQ). Injury chronicity was operationalized as number of years since the date of injury. Composite cognitive scores were computed from performances on neuropsychological tests of processing speed, executive functioning, and memory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CR was positively and significantly related to all cognitive performances independent of age, injury chronicity, and injury severity. Greater injury chronicity significantly attenuated the effect of CR on processing speed such that individuals more distal from their injury date evidenced a weaker positive relationship between CR and performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Temporal factors may modify associations between CR and cognition. Findings suggest that the protective effects of CR are temporally delimited, potentially contending with declines in brain reserve. The prognostic value of traditional outcome determinants should be considered in the context of injury chronicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":519229,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"E196-E205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39245826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive Neurodegeneration Across Chronic Stages of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Zorry Belchev,&nbsp;Asaf Gilboa,&nbsp;Malcolm Binns,&nbsp;Brenda Colella,&nbsp;Joanna Glazer,&nbsp;David J Mikulis,&nbsp;Robin E Green","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000000696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the trajectory of structural gray matter changes across 2 chronic periods of recovery in individuals who have sustained severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), adding to the growing literature indicating that neurodegenerative processes occur in the months to years postinjury.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Patients who experienced posttraumatic amnesia of 1 hour or more, and/or scored 12 or less on the Glasgow Coma Scale at the emergency department or the scene of the accident, and/or had positive brain imaging findings were recruited while receiving inpatient care, resulting in 51 patients with severe TBI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary analyses of gray matter changes across approximately 5 months, 1 year, and 2.5 years postinjury were undertaken, using an automated segmentation protocol with improved accuracy in populations with morphological anomalies. We compared patients and matched controls on regions implicated in poorer long-term clinical outcome (accumbens, amygdala, brainstem, hippocampus, thalamus). To model brain-wide patterns of change, we then conducted an exploratory principal component analysis (PCA) on the linear slopes of all regional volumes across the 3 time points. Finally, we assessed nonlinear trends across earlier (5 months-1 year) versus later (1-2.5 years) time-windows with PCA to compare degeneration rates across time. Chronic degeneration was predicted cortically and subcortically brain-wide, and within specific regions of interest.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(1) From 5 months to 1 year, patients showed significant degeneration in the accumbens, and marginal degeneration in the amygdala, brainstem, thalamus, and the left hippocampus when examined unilaterally, compared with controls. (2) PCA components representing subcortical and temporal regions, and regions from the basal ganglia, significantly differed from controls in the first time-window. (3) Progression occurred at the same rate across both time-windows, suggesting neither escalation nor attenuation of degeneration across time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Localized yet progressive decline emphasizes the necessity of developing interventions to offset degeneration and improve long-term functioning.</p>","PeriodicalId":519229,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"E144-E156"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39245866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Readmission Following Hospitalization for Traumatic Brain Injury: A Nationwide Study.","authors":"Dayton J Kelly,&nbsp;Dylan Thibault,&nbsp;Derrick Tam,&nbsp;Lisa J W Liu,&nbsp;Jacquelyn J Cragg,&nbsp;Allison W Willis,&nbsp;James A G Crispo","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000000699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether sociodemographic and clinical factors were associated with nonelective readmission within 30 days of hospitalization for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Secondary objectives were to examine the effects of TBI severity on readmission and characterize primary reasons for readmission.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Hospitalized patients in the United States, using the 2014 Nationwide Readmission Database.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>All patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of TBI between January 1, 2014, and November 30, 2014. We excluded patients (1) with a missing or invalid length of stay or admission date, (2) who were nonresidents, and 3) who died during their index hospitalization.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational study; cohort study.</p><p><strong>Main measures: </strong>Survey weighting was used to compute national estimates of TBI hospitalization and nonelective 30-day readmission. Associations between sociodemographic and clinical factors with readmission were assessed using unconditional logistic regression with and without adjustment for suspected confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 135 542 individuals who were hospitalized for TBI; 8.9% of patients were readmitted within 30 days of discharge. Age (strongest association for 65-74 years vs 18-24 years: adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.57; 95% CI: 2.02-3.27), documentation of a fall (AOR, 1.24; 95% CI: 1.13-1.35), and intentional self-injury (AOR, 3.13; 95% CI: 1.88-5.21) at the index admission were positively associated with readmission. Conversely, history of a motor vehicle (AOR, 0.69; 95% CI: 0.62-0.78) or cycling (AOR, 0.56; 95% CI: 0.40-0.77) accident was negatively associated with readmission. Females were also less likely to be readmitted following hospitalization for a TBI (AOR, 0.87; 95% CI: 0.82-0.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Many sociodemographic and clinical factors were found to be associated with acute readmission following hospitalizations for TBI. Future studies are needed to determine the extent to which readmissions following TBI hospitalizations are preventable.</p>","PeriodicalId":519229,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"E165-E174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39245867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Boston Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury-Lifetime Semistructured Interview for Assessment of TBI and Subconcussive Injury Among Female Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence of Research Utility and Validity.","authors":"Catherine B Fortier,&nbsp;Brigitta M Beck,&nbsp;Kimberly B Werner,&nbsp;Katherine M Iverson,&nbsp;Sahra Kim,&nbsp;Alyssa Currao,&nbsp;Jennifer R Fonda,&nbsp;Tara E Galovski","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000000700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To adapt the Boston Assessment of TBI-Lifetime (BAT-L) interview specifically for female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV), validate the adapted BAT-L/IPV, and report the prevalence of head injury.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The BAT-L is the first validated instrument to diagnose traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) throughout the life span for post-9/11 veterans. The BAT-L/IPV was adapted to target diagnostic issues belonging exclusively to IPV while maintaining its life span approach.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Community-dwelling convenience sample of 51 female survivors of IPV with subthreshold (n = 10) or full diagnostic criteria (n = 41) of posttraumatic stress disorder.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Standard TBI criteria were evaluated using a semistructured clinical interview.</p><p><strong>Main measures: </strong>The BAT-L/IPV is compared with the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method (OSU-TBI-ID) scoring approach as the criterion standard.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Correspondence between the BAT-L/IPV and the OSU-TBI-ID score was excellent (Cohen κ = 0.86; Kendall τ-b = 0.89). Sensitivity = 89.3% (95% CI, 81.2-97.4); specificity = 98.3% (95% CI, 95.0-100); positive predictive value = 98.0% (95% CI, 94.2-100); and negative predictive value = 90.6% (95% CI, 83.5-97.7). On the BAT-L/IPV, more than one-third (35.3%) of IPV survivors reported TBI secondary to an IPV-related assault, 76.5% reported IPV subconcussive head injury, 31.4% reported attempted strangulation, and 37.3% reported non-IPV TBI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The BAT-L/IPV performed well in diagnosing TBI in female IPV survivors as compared with the criterion standard. The prevalence of TBI was frequent; subconcussive head injury was pervasive. Greater awareness for head injury risk and increased diagnostic specificity of TBI in IPV survivors is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":519229,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"E175-E185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39245868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ankle Power Generation Has a Greater Influence on Walking Speed Reserve Than Balance Following Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Renee Gill,&nbsp;Megan Banky,&nbsp;Gavin Williams","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000000684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000684","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Reduced walking speed is common following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Walking speed reserve (WSR) refers to the ability to increase walking speed on demand and is calculated as the difference between self-selected and fast walking speeds. Walking speed reserve is important for adaptive functional mobility in the community. Predictors of WSR following TBI are yet to be determined. The aim of the study was to identify whether static balance or ankle power generation (APG) was a stronger predictor of WSR following TBI.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>A major metropolitan rehabilitation hospital.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>A total of 92 individuals receiving inpatient physiotherapy for mobility limitations following TBI were recruited.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Walking speed (self-selected and fast), APG, and a summed single-leg stance scores were measured. The ability to increase walking speed on demand by 0.20 m/s or more defined WSR. Correlations, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to investigate independent relationships between WSR, APG, and static balance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty participants (54.3%) had a WSR of 0.20 m/s or more. The strongest predictor of WSR was APG (odds ratio [OR] = 3.34; 95% CI, 1.50-7.43) when compared with static balance (OR = 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06). The ROC curve demonstrated that APG could accurately discriminate between individuals with a WSR from those without (AUC [area under the ROC curve] = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70-0.88). The APG cutoff score identified on the curve that maximized combined sensitivity (92.0%) and specificity (54.8%) was 0.75 W/kg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Following TBI, APG was a stronger predictor of WSR than static balance. Clinicians should consider interventions that preferentially target APG in order to increase WSR for community mobility.</p>","PeriodicalId":519229,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38872356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Vestibular and Oculomotor Impairments Among Amateur Athletes 1 Year Following Sport-Related Concussion: A Prospective Follow-Up.","authors":"Fionn Büttner,&nbsp;David R Howell,&nbsp;Cailbhe Doherty,&nbsp;Catherine Blake,&nbsp;John Ryan,&nbsp;Eamonn Delahunt","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000000667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate (i) the presence of vestibular and oculomotor impairments and (ii) the self-perceived effects of concussion-associated dizziness on health-related quality of life among amateur athletes 6 months and 1 year following sport-related concussion compared with nonconcussed, control athletes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective, matched-cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Clinical assessment laboratory.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Amateur athletes who were diagnosed with sport-related concussion within 1 week of injury, and sex-, age-, and activity-matched nonconcussed, control athletes.</p><p><strong>Main measures: </strong>Participants were evaluated 6 months and 1 year following sport-related concussion and enrollment in the longitudinal study using the Vestibular and Oculo-Motor Screening and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory. We performed multivariate analyses of variance and chi-square analyses to compare concussion and control group scores at each study assessment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven participants with concussion and 47 control participants completed the study. The concussion group reported similar mean symptom provocation scores on the Vestibular and Oculo-Motor Screening and exhibited a similar near-point convergence distance compared with the control group at the 6-month and 1-year study assessments. The concussion and control groups had similar perceptions of the effects of dizziness on their health-related quality of life at both study assessments.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Meaningful differences in vestibular and oculomotor symptom provocation and self-perceived effects of dizziness on everyday life were not observed between concussed and nonconcussed, control athletes 6 months and 1 year following sport-related concussion.</p>","PeriodicalId":519229,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"E55-E64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25507764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Preinjury Symptoms and Postconcussion Symptoms at 4 Weeks in Youth.","authors":"Andrée-Anne Ledoux,&nbsp;Ken Tang,&nbsp;Isabelle Gagnon,&nbsp;Martin H Osmond,&nbsp;Keith O Yeates,&nbsp;Katherine Healey,&nbsp;Gerard A Gioia,&nbsp;Roger L Zemek","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000000681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether preinjury physical, emotional, cognitive, and sleep symptoms on the Post-Concussion Symptoms Inventory (PCSI) are associated with persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) at 4 weeks and whether any associations are moderated by sex or age.</p><p><strong>Study setting and participants: </strong>A total of 3063 participants with acute concussion, presenting to 9 Canadian pediatric emergency departments, were enrolled from August 2013 to June 2015.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>A planned secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter cohort study (Predicting Persistent Post-concussive Problems in Pediatrics or 5P). Primary outcome was PPCS at 4 weeks, defined as 3 or more new or worsening individual symptoms compared with the preinjury score at 28 days on the PCSI. The association between preinjury scores and PPCS was analyzed with a multivariable logistic regression analysis that included preinjury, sex, age, sex × preinjury, and age × preinjury interactions as predictors. Missing baseline covariates were imputed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2123 (n = 844 [39.8%] girls; median [IQR] age = 12.9 [10.7, 15.0] participants were included in the analysis. Preinjury physical symptom score was associated with PPCS at 4 weeks (χ2 = 13.87, df = 6, P = .031). The preinjury emotional score also contributed to the variability in PPCS (χ2 = 11.79, df = 6, P = .067). While girls reported higher preinjury physical, emotional, and cognitive scores than boys, neither sex nor age interacted with preinjury to predict PPCS at 4 weeks. Independent of age and sex, preinjury physical symptoms were associated with PPCS at 4 weeks (OR = 1.40; 95% CI, 1.15-1.70).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preinjury physical symptoms are associated with the probability of having PPCS at 4 weeks postconcussion independent of age and sex. Providers should consider preinjury symptoms to inform prognosis and recovery management.</p>","PeriodicalId":519229,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"E90-E101"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38872355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vocational Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury; Prevalence and Risk Factors After 1 Year in a Multivariable Model.","authors":"Rajiv Singh,&nbsp;Jeremy Dawson,&nbsp;Subhashis Basu,&nbsp;Thomas J Humphries,&nbsp;Suzanne Mason,&nbsp;Fiona Lecky","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000000687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of employment status (ES) or full-time study after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a representative population and its predictive factors.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Regional Major Trauma Centre. Participants: In total, 1734 consecutive individuals of working age, admitted with TBI to a Regional Trauma Centre, were recruited and followed up at 8 weeks and 1 year with face-to-face interview. Median age was 37.2 years (17.5-58.2); 51% had mild TBI, and 36.8% had a normal computed tomographic (CT) scan.</p><p><strong>Main outcome measure: </strong>Complete or partial/modified return to employment or study as an ordinal variable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 1 year, only 44.9% returned to full-time work/study status, 28.7% had a partial or modified return, and 26.4% had no return at all. In comparison with status at 6 weeks, 9.9% had lower or reduced work status. Lower ES was associated with greater injury severity, more CT scan abnormality, older age, mechanism of assault, and presence of depression, alcohol intoxication, or a psychiatric history. The multivariable model was highly significant (P < .001) and had a Nagelkerke R2 of 0.353 (35.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Employment at 1 year is poor and changes in work status are frequent, occurring in both directions. While associations with certain features may allow targeting of vulnerable individuals in future, the majority of model variance remains unexplained and requires further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":519229,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"104-113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38872357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Report of Early Childhood Traumatic Injury Observations & Symptoms: Preliminary Validation of an Observational Measure of Postconcussive Symptoms.","authors":"Dominique Dupont,&nbsp;Cindy Beaudoin,&nbsp;Naddley Désiré,&nbsp;Maria Tran,&nbsp;Isabelle Gagnon,&nbsp;Miriam H Beauchamp","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000000691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000691","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report preliminary empirical data on a novel, developmentally appropriate, observational postconcussive symptoms inventory for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Emergency departments of 2 tertiary, urban pediatric hospitals.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Ninety-eight children (0-8 years of age; mean age at injury = 33.00, SD = 24.7 months) with mild traumatic brain injury (concussion) divided into younger (0-2 years) and older (3-8 years) age groups.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Observational study.</p><p><strong>Main measure: </strong>The Report of Early Childhood Traumatic Injury Observations & Symptoms (REACTIONS) documents 17 postconcussive symptoms representing observable manifestations thereof and was completed by parents in the acute (24-48 hours; n = 65), subacute (7-14 days; n = 78), and/or persistent phase (25-35 days; n = 72) post-mild traumatic brain injury.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Different patterns of postconcussive symptoms were reported by age group, with behavioral manifestations particularly salient in younger children. More children younger than 2 years had sleep and comfort-seeking symptoms at each of the 3 postinjury time points.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postconcussive symptoms may manifest differently after mild traumatic brain injury sustained during early childhood. To fully understand and address their presence and evolution, developmentally sound measures such as the REACTIONS inventory are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":519229,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"E102-E112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38938159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personality Traits and Social Supports in Adolescents With Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms.","authors":"Hamna Atif,&nbsp;Brianne Morgan,&nbsp;Kyle Tuohy,&nbsp;Monica Zukowski,&nbsp;Zachary Foster,&nbsp;Andrea Loeffert,&nbsp;Keith O Yeates,&nbsp;Steven D Hicks","doi":"10.1097/HTR.0000000000000682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/HTR.0000000000000682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine whether adolescents with persistent postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) differ from healthy peers in their personality traits and social supports.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Specialty Concussion Clinic and Primary Care Clinic affiliated with an academic medical center.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Ninety-seven adolescents (42 with PPCS, 55 healthy peers; age: 15 ± 2 years).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Participants completed a web-based survey that included medical and demographic characteristics, mechanisms of concussion, 10-item Big Five Inventory, and Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale. A Student's 2-tailed t test with multiple testing corrections was used to compare the youths with PPCS to healthy peers.</p><p><strong>Main measures: </strong>The primary outcome was PPCS, defined by the presence of 2 or more concussion-related symptoms on the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS), lasting for more than 4 weeks after initial injury. The secondary outcome was perceived personality traits and social support, based on the 10-item Big Five Inventory and the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PPCS group had higher neuroticism scores on their Big Five Inventory than healthy peers. They also reported less social support from teachers and classmates than healthy peers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Youths with PPCS report specific personality and social support characteristics that differ from their peers. These findings suggest that individual personality and school-based social supports may influence concussion recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":519229,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation","volume":" ","pages":"E71-E79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25529251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}