Acta Gymnica最新文献_第8页

The effect of task-relevant and task-irrelevant attentional cues and skill level on performance and knee kinematics of standing long jump 任务相关和任务无关的注意提示和技术水平对立定跳远成绩和膝关节运动的影响

IF 1.1

Acta Gymnica Pub Date : 2018-10-16 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2018.015

A. Asadi, E. Saemi, M. Sheikh, Mehdi Takhtaei

{"title":"The effect of task-relevant and task-irrelevant attentional cues and skill level on performance and knee kinematics of standing long jump","authors":"A. Asadi, E. Saemi, M. Sheikh, Mehdi Takhtaei","doi":"10.5507/ag.2018.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2018.015","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Attention is one of the brain's most crucial cognitive functions playing a key role in performing motor skills. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of task-relevant and task-irrelevant attentional cues and skill level on performance and knee kinematics of standing long jump. Methods: Fifteen skilled (volleyball and basketball players) and fifteen novices (aged 19 to 27 years) were recruited. The task was the standing long jump test which was executed 9 times under 3 conditions (3 trials per condition). Participants in the control condition did not receive any attentional instruction. In task-relevant attentional cues condition, participants were instructed to focus on their ongoing skill and avoid paying attention to matters unrelated to the task. In task-irrelevant attentional cues condition, participants were instructed to focus on sound and after each jump expressed what had been the musical content. Kinematic data of knee joint was recorded by an 8-camera motion analysis system. Results: The result of mixed ANOVA showed that both novice and skilled groups had significantly greater jump distance and smaller initial knee angle in task-irrelevant attentional cues condition compared to task-relevant attentional cues condition (p = .001) and control condition (p = .001). There were no significant differences between the control and task-relevant attentional cues condition (p > .05). Conclusions: The result showed that focusing attention on task-irrelevant attentional cues improves standing long jump performance of both novice and skilled jumpers.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46178886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Self-confidence, commitment and goal-setting in Czech athletes at different performance levels 捷克运动员在不同表现水平上的自信、承诺和目标设定

IF 1.1

Acta Gymnica Pub Date : 2018-10-16 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2018.018

M. Vičar

{"title":"Self-confidence, commitment and goal-setting in Czech athletes at different performance levels","authors":"M. Vičar","doi":"10.5507/ag.2018.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2018.018","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Numerous studies rank self-confidence, commitment and goal-setting among the foundation mental skills in athletes, conditioning the development of elite performance and also contributing to achieving first rate results during competition. Their quality is, therefore, essential for top performance. Objective: The goal of this study is a comparison of self-confidence, commitment and goal-setting in Czech athletes performing at different performance levels. The secondary aim is to compare the values gathered in Canadian and Czech populations. Methods: The Czech version of the OMSAT-3* questionnaire was distributed to 241 athletes at regional (n = 63), national (n = 115) and international levels (n = 63). Only the part of the questionnaire focusing on the selected mental skills (3 out of 12 scales) was used. Subsequently, the data were compared with the Canadian population (N = 335) used for standardization of the original questionnaire. Results: The values among Czech athletes manifest that the differences in mean values is statistically significant in all mental skills (goal-setting p = .03, self-confidence p < .01, commitment p = .03). Differences among groups dependent on the current level of performance are significantly higher in goal-setting (p = .05, d = 0.46) self-confidence (p < .01, d = 0.63), and commitment (p < .01, d = 0.55) of athletes at international level compared to regional level and in self-confidence (p < .01, d = 0.46) and commitment (p < .01, d = 0.49) of athletes at national level compared to regional level. There is no significant difference among national and international athletes. Canadian respondents show statistically significant higher mean values than Czech athletes in all selected mental skills. Conclusions: The level of self-confidence, goal-setting, and commitment in Czech athletes differs according to performance level. Czech athletes show lower values in all mental skills considered compared to the Canadian sample.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46069907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Attitudes of Czech pupils who are deaf or hard of hearing towards physical education classes: A comparison of gender differences 捷克聋哑或重听学生对体育课的态度:性别差异的比较

IF 1.1

Acta Gymnica Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.5507/AG.2018.008

Petra Kurková

{"title":"Attitudes of Czech pupils who are deaf or hard of hearing towards physical education classes: A comparison of gender differences","authors":"Petra Kurková","doi":"10.5507/AG.2018.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2018.008","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Physical education is an organised form of physical activity and can be viewed as an interaction between the ideas of difficulty and importance that are gradually developed by both the teacher and the pupil. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse differences in pupils' attitudes by gender in the second stage of primary schools for the deaf or hard of hearing in physical education classes. Methods: Participants were 86 pupils who are deaf or hard of hearing (boys, n = 56; 65.1%; girls, n = 30; 34.9%). The mean age and standard deviation was 14.3 ± 1.4 years. The data were described using absolute and relative frequencies, including the mean and standard deviation. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used to assess differences between two independent groups (boys versus girls). For calculation of effect size coefficient abs(r) was used. All tests were performed at a level of α = .05. Results: In physical education classes, statistically significant differences were found in the effort made, with boys making more effort in physical education classes than girls (Z = -2.048; p = .041; abs(r) = .221). For the other indicators under review, no differences were found. Conclusion: Both boys and girls consider physical education to be their favourite subject, it makes them feel good, and there are no major differences in their emotional response. However, boys make much more effort in physical education classes.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47823603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on circulating irisin and myostatin in untrained women 有氧训练、阻力训练或两者对未训练女性循环鸢尾素和肌肉生长抑制素的影响

IF 1.1

Acta Gymnica Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.5507/AG.2018.007

R. Shabani, F. Izaddoust

{"title":"Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on circulating irisin and myostatin in untrained women","authors":"R. Shabani, F. Izaddoust","doi":"10.5507/AG.2018.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2018.007","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Scientific literature suggests that different types of training can have different effects on secretion of irisin and myostatin.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of resistance exercise training (RET), aerobic exercise training (AET) and concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise training (CET) on serum irisin and myostatin in untrained women.Methods: Thirty-five non-obese, untrained women were randomly assigned to control (n = 6, age 25.50 ± 4.80 years), RET (n = 10, age 24.60 ± 2.45 years), AET (n = 9, age 24.66 ± 2.29 years) or CET (n = 10, age 26.60 ± 4.00 years) groups. Subjects in training groups trained for 8 weeks, three times per week. The levels of serum irisin, myostatin were measured before and after the training period. Results: It was found that the CET group had significantly reduced serum irisin (p = .028) and myostatin (p = .005) concentrations. The myostatin concentration was also significantly decreased in the RET group (p = .008). Conclusion: CET, AET or RET were not effective for improving (increase) irisin circulating level. In addition, RET and CET were more effective than AET in reducing circulating myostatin levels.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43184765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 14

Cognitive function of young male tennis players and non-athletes 青年男子网球运动员与非运动员的认知功能

IF 1.1

Acta Gymnica Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.5507/AG.2018.011

P. Pačesová, Pavel Šmela, Stanislav Kraček, Klaudia Kukurova, L. Plevková

{"title":"Cognitive function of young male tennis players and non-athletes","authors":"P. Pačesová, Pavel Šmela, Stanislav Kraček, Klaudia Kukurova, L. Plevková","doi":"10.5507/AG.2018.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2018.011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cognitive functions can be defined as the ability of individuals to participate, recognize and plan responses to external and internal impulses. We can define attention as the active focus of our consciousness and the ability to concentrate mental functions on a certain activity. In competitive tennis, attention, especially conscious attention which is controlled by cognitive and volitional processes plays a significant role. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess differences in cognitive functions between tennis players and non-athletic adolescents. Methods: The research sample consisted of 98 subjects: 44 tennis players (age 18.11 ± 1.35 years) and 54 nonathletic adolescents (age 18.04 ± 1.33 years). The level of cognitive functions was investigated using the standardized neuropsychological cognitive Stroop test. Results: The tennis players had higher cognitive function scores compared to the non-athletes in two of the three segments of the Stroop test. There was no significant difference between the groups in the simplest segment of the Stroop test (segment T). However, a significant difference (p = .028; d = 0.45) was found between the tennis players and non-athletes in segment S of the Stroop test and in segment B, the most difficult segment of the test, the difference between research groups was also significant (p = .002; d = 0.63). Conclusion: Based on acquired data, we can see a difference between athletes and non-athletes in cognitive functions such as cognition inhibitory control, concentration of attention, conscious and selective attention. However, the differences have only been demonstrated in moderate difficulty and most difficulty segment, in the simplest segment we have not found difference between athletes and non-athletes.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43048448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Psychometric properties of the qualitative assessment of manual dexterity in the MABC-2 test MABC-2测试中手工灵巧性定性评价的心理测量学特征

IF 1.1

Acta Gymnica Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2018.009

R. Psotta, Dominika PechovĂĄ, J. Kraus

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the qualitative assessment of manual dexterity in the MABC-2 test","authors":"R. Psotta, Dominika PechovĂĄ, J. Kraus","doi":"10.5507/ag.2018.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2018.009","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Movement Assessment Battery for Children Test, 2nd edition (MABC-2 test) is a widely accepted standardized method for the assessment of motor competency and identification of developmental coordination disorder in children. However, there are no information on psychometric qualities of the qualitative part of the test.Objective: To reveal possible limitations of the qualitative assessment of the MABC-2 test tasks of the age band 2 (7-10 years), we examined the inter- and intra-rater reliability and construct (known-groups) validity, specifically for observation of the manual dexterity (MD) tasks. Methods: The MD tasks of the MABC-2 executed by children with and without motor difficulties in manual dexterity (MD- and MD+; N = 6) were recorded by a video camera. A group of investigators (N = 9) performed qualitative observational assessment of children's movements from video recordings, in two observation sessions apart by four weeks (time 1, time 2). Results: The statistical tests rejected the hypothesis on significant inter-rater reliability in the number of marked signs in the MD tasks. Regarding the intra-rater reliability, the number of marked signs in the MD tasks was not significantly different between observation in time 1 and time 2 in all investigators. 95% agreement limits for the number of marked movement signs in the two repeated observations ranged from Mdiff ± 0.73 up to Mdiff ± 2.63 signs. A good construct validity of the qualitative assessment of movements in the MD tasks was indicated by significantly higher number of movement signs marked in the MD- children as compared to the MD+ children, with exception of the graphomotor task. Conclusions: The qualitative assessment within the MABC-2 test is a useful tool for the identification of manual dexterity impairment and weaker aspects of hand-eye coordination. However, the qualitative observational assessment of the MABC-2 tasks demands specific training of users.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42659017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of locally applied vibration on pain reduction in patients with chronic low back pain: A pilot study 局部应用振动对慢性腰痛患者疼痛减轻的影响:一项初步研究

IF 1.1

Acta Gymnica Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.5507/ag.2018.010

Hana Bednarikova, D. Smékal, Pavlina Krejcirikova, I. Hanzlíková

{"title":"Effect of locally applied vibration on pain reduction in patients with chronic low back pain: A pilot study","authors":"Hana Bednarikova, D. Smékal, Pavlina Krejcirikova, I. Hanzlíková","doi":"10.5507/ag.2018.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2018.010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Locally applied vibration has been recently proposed as a treatment for pain relief. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of specific vibration therapy using the Redcord Stimula device on reduction of pain in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: The study included 14 subjects aged 16-59 years. Pain was assessed at the baseline and after the therapy using the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire as well as with Oswestry Disability Index, pressure pain thresholds were recorded by a mechanical algometer. All subjects received 8 therapy sessions, each session consisting of 7 proprioceptive exercises adapted for use in the Redcord suspension system with the Redcord Stimula device. Results: After completing the therapy, a statistically significant reduction in the pain score was recorded in both questionnaires. The average values decreased by 8.8% (p = .001) in the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire and by 7.6% (p = .001) in the Oswestry Disability Index. Pain thresholds measured by an algometer showed statistically significant increase in 3 of 5 measured sites. Conclusions: The results of the study suggest that locally applied vibration may be a viable option for treatment of chronic pain.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41478502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dyadic partnership in the context of joint physical activity in subjects participating in dance 参与舞蹈的主体在联合身体活动背景下的二元伙伴关系

IF 1.1

Acta Gymnica Pub Date : 2018-06-30 DOI: 10.5507/AG.2018.012

Jana Harvanová, Dana Štěrbová

{"title":"Dyadic partnership in the context of joint physical activity in subjects participating in dance","authors":"Jana Harvanová, Dana Štěrbová","doi":"10.5507/AG.2018.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5507/AG.2018.012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The research of interpersonal behaviour associated with physical activity is limited on relationship of coaches and athletes. Thus, studies focused on dyadic partnership in association with joint physical activities seem to be desirable. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess differences between men's and women's own and their partner's interpersonal style and satisfaction with joint physical activities and to assess the relationship between an individual interpersonal style, complementarity or similarity of interpersonal behaviour in a dyadic partnership. Methods: The research sample consists of adult couples pursuing sport dance for at least three years (22 men, age 47.50 ± 8.24 years; 22 women, age 45.27 ± 8.35 years). The measurement was performed by means of the Interpersonal check list and Physical activity satisfaction questionnaire. Differences between men and women were assessed by a t-test for two independent samples. The relationship between interpersonal assessment and satisfaction with joint physical activity was assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. In addition, the data were subjected to a cluster analysis with the aim to obtain findings which are not represented by an individual but by a pair. Results: Women who are more satisfied with themselves in the context of joint physical activity are assessed by their partners as dominant (r = .602, p = .003) and also perceive their partners as little dominant (r = -.561, p = .007). Conclusion: Men and women assess their own personality in a similar way in terms of dominance and submission. The main difference between men and women is in the assessment of each other. Women in a dominant position in a relationship are less satisfied with their partner in the area of joint physical activity compared with women in a submissive position.","PeriodicalId":51894,"journal":{"name":"Acta Gymnica","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44195859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0