Health Psychology Research最新文献

{"title":"Eptinezumab-jjmr, a humanized monoclonal specific to Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide, for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults.","authors":"Amnon A Berger,&nbsp;Joseph Keefe,&nbsp;Cain W Stark,&nbsp;Matthew Moore,&nbsp;Giovanni F Ramírez,&nbsp;Julia R Cucarola,&nbsp;Andrew H Han,&nbsp;Alan D Kaye,&nbsp;Latha Ganti","doi":"10.52965/001c.38439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52965/001c.38439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Migraines are prevalent and cause significant morbidity, decline in quality of life and healthcare costs universally. Treatment options are varied, but efficacy is limited. This review centers on Eptinezumab-jjmr, a humanized monoclonal specific to CGRP for the prevention of migraines in adults. Herein presented are the science and mechanism of action, indication and clinical evidence for use.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Migraines are severe, recurrent headaches, which are either episodic or chronic in nature. The pain is severe, often accompanied by co-morbid symptoms, such as photophobia, phonophobia, nausea and emesis, and is limiting in nature. It is a prevalent disorder that causes significant, worldwide disability, morbidity, suffering, and costs.The pathophysiology of migraines is actively studied, though recent research points to an initiating event causing migraine generation, that is then propagated by other brain regions, a significant one being the trigeminocervical complex. This is driven by biochemical transmitters, chiefly CGRP. This discovery led to the development of CGRP-targeting drugs, including gepants (small molecular antagonists) and anti-CGRP antibodies, such as Eptinezumab-jjmr.Traditional therapy includes preventative and abortive treatment; however, adherence with preventative treatment has been historically poor, and certain types of abortive therapy carry risks and side effects that preclude them from a large patient population. Moreover, traditional therapy often falls short in migraine therapy. CGRP antagonist, including Eptinezumab, aims to cover the gaps in migraine therapy. We present here evidence to support the safe and effective use of Eptinezumab for the prevention of migraines.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Migraines are a prevalent primary headache disorder causing significant morbidity worldwide. Traditional abortive and preventative treatments fall short for many patients. Eptinezumab is part of new generation of CGRP-targeting medications and has shown significant evidence to support its use for the prevention of migraines. Further research is required to properly compare eptinezumab with existing pharmacotherapy and update guidelines on the appropriate combinations of therapies that are not available and the correct patient selection for each.</p>","PeriodicalId":51865,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Research","volume":" ","pages":"38439"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9662608/pdf/healthpsychologyresearch_2022_10_5_38439.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40489059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinically Relevant Drug Interactions with Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors.","authors":"Amber N Edinoff,&nbsp;Connor R Swinford,&nbsp;Amira S Odisho,&nbsp;Caroline R Burroughs,&nbsp;Cain W Stark,&nbsp;Walid A Raslan,&nbsp;Elyse M Cornett,&nbsp;Adam M Kaye,&nbsp;Alan D Kaye","doi":"10.52965/001c.39576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52965/001c.39576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) are a class of drugs that were originally developed for the treatment of depression but have since been expanded to be used in management of affective and neurological disorders, as well as stroke and aging-related neurocognitive changes. Ranging from irreversible to reversible and selective to non-selective, these drugs target the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme and prevent the oxidative deamination of various monoamines and catecholamines such as serotonin and dopamine, respectively. Tyramine is a potent releaser of norepinephrine (NE) and is found in high concentrations in foods such as aged cheeses and meats. Under normal conditions, NE is unable to accumulate to toxic levels due to the presence of MAO-A, an enzyme that degrades neurotransmitters, including NE. When MAO-A is inhibited, the capacity to handle tyramine intake from the diet is significantly reduced causing the brain to be vulnerable to overstimulation of postsynaptic adrenergic receptors with as little as 8-10 mg of tyramine ingested and can result in life-threatening blood pressure elevations. In addition to adverse reactions with certain foods, both older and newer MAOIs can negatively interact with both sympathomimetic and serotonergic drugs. In general, patients on a MAOI want to avoid two types of medications: those that can elevate blood pressure via sympathomimetic actions (e.g., phenylephrine and oxymetazoline) and those that can increase serotonin levels via 5-HT reuptake inhibition (e.g., dextromethorphan, chlorpheniramine, and brompheniramine). Illicit drugs that stimulate the central nervous system such as ecstasy (MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) act as serotonin releasers. Patient involvement is also crucial to ensure any interaction within the healthcare setting includes making other providers aware of a MAOI prescription as well as avoiding certain OTC medications that can interact adversely with MAOIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51865,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Research","volume":" ","pages":"39576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9680847/pdf/healthpsychologyresearch_2022_10_4_39576.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40485689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Gender-Based Authorship Trends in Leading Pain-Medicine Journals Over 10 Years.","authors":"Natalie Strand,&nbsp;Molly Kraus,&nbsp;Charlotte Pougnier,&nbsp;Audrey Keim,&nbsp;Anagha Deshpande,&nbsp;Jillian Maloney","doi":"10.52965/001c.38356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52965/001c.38356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Authorship of peer-reviewed publications is important for academic rank, promotion, and national reputation. In pain medicine, limited information is available for authorship trends for women as compared with men. The objective of this study was to describe trends of female authorship data in the 5 pain journals with the highest impact factors over a 10-year period. We analyzed data for January, April, and October in 2009, 2014, and 2019. For each article, the following information was recorded: journal name, journal month, journal year, article title or article PMCID, total authors, total female authors, total male authors, total authors of unknown gender, presence or absence of a female first author, and presence or absence of a female last/senior author. Authorship for 924 articles was reviewed. When a man was senior author, women were first author on only 27.9% of articles (<i>P</i><.001). A woman was 2 times as likely (57.2%) to be first author when a woman was the senior author (<i>P</i><.001), pointing to the potential impact of female senior authors. An article with 50% or more female authors was 76.4% more likely to have a female senior author (<i>P</i><.001). The results demonstrate the influence of a senior female author on the likelihood of an article's having a female first author. When men were the senior authors, women were half as likely to be first authors. The total number of female authors changed very little between 2009 and 2019.</p>","PeriodicalId":51865,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Research","volume":" ","pages":"38356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9680848/pdf/healthpsychologyresearch_2022_10_4_38356.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40484297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Don't Touch Your Face!\" The Contribution of Habit Reversal in the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Simone Varrasi, Sabrina Castellano, Giuseppe Alessio Platania, Claudia Savia Guerrera, Pasquale Caponnetto, Concetta Pirrone","doi":"10.52965/001c.39650","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.39650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Habit Reversal Training (HRT) is a behavioral procedure for treating the so-called nervous habits, such as nail biting, hair pulling and thumb sucking. In addition to being an established clinical procedure, HRT is also a strategy for behavioral change that can serve the entire community. For this reason, this review aims to explore the studies proposing the use of HRT for the reduction of hand-to-face habits in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Touching one's nose, mouth and eyes, indeed, is one of the means of virus transmission that many awareness campaigns seek to highlight. After an overview of how HRT works and of the current epidemiological situation, studies supporting Habit Reversal Training for the reduction of risky hand-to-face habits are presented. The possible strategies are then exposed and critically discussed to identify their limitations and propose a new version according to the Relational Frame Theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":51865,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Research","volume":" ","pages":"39650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9680863/pdf/healthpsychologyresearch_2022_10_4_39650.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40484296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chaperones Utilization in Clinical Practice: Intimate and Sensitive Physical Examination Best Practice Strategies and Concepts in Modern Urological Medicine.","authors":"Tarini Mitra, Nicolas K Koerber, Harini Shah, Austin C Kassels, Danyon J Anderson, Brennen J Cooper, Meghan B Schaefer, Alan D Kaye, Harish B Bangalore Siddaiah, Jibin S Mathew, Jeffrey R Sterritt, Zachary S Lee, Ivan Urits","doi":"10.52965/001c.38954","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.38954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intention of utilizing chaperones during sensitive physical exams is to show respect to the patient, while simultaneously providing protection to both the patient and the medical provider. Despite clinical practice recommendations to offer chaperones for sensitive urologic exams, there is no data regarding the consistency of chaperone utilization. Our aim was to summarize the patient and provider perspectives on the role of chaperones in urology as well as identify barriers to implement chaperone consistency. In the present investigation, we conducted a systematic review of prospective, case-control, and retrospective studies and followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines for data reporting. Studies were identified from PubMed, MEDLINE, and PMC using the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms \"chaperones, patient\", \"chaperones, medical\", and keywords \"chaperones\", and \"urology\". Studies were included if they addressed patient/provider perspectives on chaperone utilization in urology specifically and were excluded if they investigated perspectives on chaperone utilization in other specialties. Preliminary study identification yielded 702 studies, 9 of which were eligible for this review after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, 4 studies focused on the patient perspective and 5 focused on the provider perspective. The percentage of patients that did not have a chaperone present during their urologic exam ranged from 52.9-88.5%. A greater proportion of these patients were male. Patients (59%) prefer a family member compared to a staff member as a chaperone. Physicians (60%) prefer staff member chaperones compared to family members. One study reported that 25.6% of patients did not feel comfortable to ask for a chaperone if they were not offered one. Two studies reported the percentage of patients who believed chaperones should be offered to all urology patients, ranging from 73-88.4%. Three studies reported the use of chaperones in the clinic which ranged from 5-72.5%. Two studies reported chaperone utilization documentation, ranging between 16-21.3%. Two studies reported the likelihood of chaperone utilization depending on gender of the physician, showing that male physicians were more likely to utilize chaperones and were 3x more likely to offer chaperones to their patients compared to female physicians. Research suggests that there are differing perspectives between patients and physicians regarding the specific role and benefits chaperones offer during a sensitive urologic examination, as well as differences in preferences of who should perform the role of the chaperone. While more work needs to be done to bridge the divide between clinical practice and patient/physician preferences, the act of offering chaperones to urologic patients, regardless if they want to utilize a chaperone for their examination is respectful of patient privacy and decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":51865,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Research","volume":" ","pages":"38954"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9680846/pdf/healthpsychologyresearch_2022_10_4_38954.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40485688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dhat Syndrome: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Comorbidities, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management.","authors":"Yukino N Strong,&nbsp;Angel Li,&nbsp;Michael E White,&nbsp;Abrahim N Razzak,&nbsp;Danyon J Anderson,&nbsp;Alan D Kaye,&nbsp;Edwin W Herron,&nbsp;Nazih P Khater,&nbsp;Elyse C Bradley,&nbsp;Ivan Urits","doi":"10.52965/001c.38759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52965/001c.38759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dhat syndrome is a culture-bound psychiatric syndrome most commonly found in the Indian subcontinent. It has been characterized as the experiential fear of losing semen through ejaculation, nocturnal emission, or other means. While Dhat syndrome is common in the Indian subcontinent, given the lack of representativeness, generalizability, and closer connection to Ayurvedic system, there have been limited studies or recognition of symptoms among healthcare providers around the world. In this review, we describe Dhat syndrome, its epidemiology, risk factors, comorbidities, diagnosis, treatment, and its management. For patients with Dhat syndrome, it becomes important to appreciate how generalized depression and anxiety may persist alongside the disorder and those symptoms can be common and non-specific. Related to its strong cultural connection with South Asia such as the belief on Dhat's role in health and vitality influence, it also becomes important to recognize that the syndrome can be found in other populations and the importance of cultural humility and nonconfrontational approach for patient care. In summary, this review provides an informative understanding of Dhat syndrome for non-Indian clinicians who may not be prepared for a patient encounter with vague somatic symptoms in the context of semen loss. Treatment for Dhat syndrome is the same as treatments for major depressive disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":51865,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Research","volume":" ","pages":"38759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9680840/pdf/healthpsychologyresearch_2022_10_4_38759.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40484298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Music therapy and psychological-clinical impact in surgery: a systematic review.","authors":"Pasquale Caponnetto,&nbsp;Gaia LaMattina,&nbsp;Maria C Quattropani","doi":"10.52965/001c.38615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52965/001c.38615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Music therapy is a discipline that makes use of music, active or passive, to produce beneficial effects on the psyche of subjects. The field of use of music therapy has recently been broadened with the introduction of music therapy interventions to treat various problems, such as anxiety and stress, arising from pre- and post-operative psychophysical conditions. This review aims to examine the use of music therapy and its outcomes in the context of surgery in recent years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The main procedure was to search for studies on various scientific platforms such as PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO and CINAHL.Many studies pertaining to the topic in question were examined and from the variety of articles available, thirty-four were selected that fully reflected the focus of this review.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of music therapy is still little exploited in hospital conditions such as the one reported in this review, but despite its reduced use compared to other treatments, it has proved to be an effective technique for reducing anxiety and stress prior to surgery and for improving psychophysical conditions following surgery. Above all, the absence of side effects is emphasised since it is a nonpharmacological treatment. Further research is needed for additional confirmation of the effectiveness of music therapy mainly because this method is still being explored worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":51865,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Research","volume":" ","pages":"38615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9680838/pdf/healthpsychologyresearch_2022_10_4_38615.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40485691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Midazolam nasal spray to treat intermittent, stereotypic episodes of frequent seizure activity: pharmacology and clinical role, a comprehensive review.","authors":"Elyse M Cornett,&nbsp;Meskerem A Nemomsa,&nbsp;Bailey Turbeville,&nbsp;Matthew A Busby,&nbsp;Jessica S Kaye,&nbsp;Aaron J Kaye,&nbsp;JooHee Choi,&nbsp;Giovanni F Ramírez,&nbsp;Giustino Varrassi,&nbsp;Adam M Kaye,&nbsp;Alan D Kaye,&nbsp;James Wilson,&nbsp;Latha Ganti","doi":"10.52965/001c.38536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52965/001c.38536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An intranasal formulation of midazolam, Nayzilam, has been FDA-approved to treat intermittent, stereotypic episodes of frequent seizure activity. Nayzilam is easy to administer and can quickly treat seizures that occur outside of the hospital. The intra-nasal route of administration allows non-medical personal to administer the drug which makes it more accessible and user-friendly in the event of a seizure. Many studies have indicated quick cessation of seizures with Nayzilam compared to rectal diazepam, which has been the standard of care treatment. Nayzilam has been proven to be safe and effective for acute seizures in children, deeming it a revolutionary alternative in times where intravenous administration is not possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":51865,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Research","volume":" ","pages":"38536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9560890/pdf/healthpsychologyresearch_2022_10_5_38536.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40646413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rimegepant for the treatment of migraine.","authors":"Amnon A Berger, Ariel Winnick, Austin H Carroll, Alexandra Welschmeyer, Nathan Li, Marc Colon, Antonella Paladini, Giovanni F Ramírez, Jamal Hasoon, Elyse M Cornett, Jaehong Song, Giustino Varrassi, Adam M Kaye, Alan D Kaye, Latha Ganti","doi":"10.52965/001c.38534","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.38534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Migraine is a common form of primary headache, affecting up to 1 in every 6 Americans. The pathophysiology is an intricate interplay of genetic factors and environmental influence and is still being elucidated in ongoing studies. The trigeminovascular system is now known to have a significant role in the initiation of migraines, including the release of pain mediators such as CGRP and substance P. Traditional treatment of migraine is usually divided into acute and preventive treatment. Acute therapy includes non-specific therapy, such as NSAIDs and other analgesics, which may provide relief in mild to moderate migraines. 5-HT1 agonists may provide relief in severe migraine, but are not universally effective and carry a significant side-effect profile with frequent redosing requirement. Prophylactic therapy may reduce the occurrence of acute migraine attacks in selected patients, but does not completely eliminate it. More recently, CGRP antagonism has been studied and shown to be effective in both abortion and prevention of migraine. Novel medications, targeting CGRP, divide into CGRP antibodies and receptor antagonists (gepants). Rimegepant, a second-generation gepant, has shown efficacy in several clinical trials in treating acute migraine. Ongoing trials are also evaluating its role in migraine prophylaxis, and results are promising. It is also generally safer for use than existing options, does not appear to increase the chance of developing chronic migraines, and carries a very tolerable side effects profile. It is a part of a growing arsenal in migraine treatment, and may present the silver bullet for treatment of this disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":51865,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Research","volume":" ","pages":"38534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9560892/pdf/healthpsychologyresearch_2022_10_5_38534.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40668116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historical Pathways for Opioid Addiction, Withdrawal with Traditional and Alternative Treatment Options with Ketamine, Cannabinoids, and Noribogaine: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Amber N Edinoff, Natalie W Wu, Catherine A Nix, Bryce Bonin, Rama Mouhaffel, Stephen Vining, William Gibson, Elyse M Cornett, Kevin S Murnane, Adam M Kaye, Alan D Kaye","doi":"10.52965/001c.38672","DOIUrl":"10.52965/001c.38672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Even as prescription opioid dispensing rates have begun to decrease, the use of illicit opioids such as heroin and fentanyl has increased. Thus, the end of the opioid epidemic is not in sight, and treating patients that are addicted to opioids remains of utmost importance. Currently, the primary pharmacotherapies used to treat opioid addiction over the long term are the opioid antagonist naltrexone, the partial-agonist buprenorphine, and the full agonist methadone. Naloxone is an antagonist used to rapidly reverse opioid overdose. While these treatments are well-established and used regularly, the gravity of the opioid epidemic necessitates that all possible avenues of treatment be explored. Therefore, in this narrative review, we analyze current literature regarding use of the alternative medications ketamine, noribogaine, and cannabinoids in treating patients suffering from opioid use disorder. Beyond its use as an anesthetic, ketamine has been shown to have many applications in several medical specialties. Of particular interest to the subject at hand, ketamine is promising in treating individuals addicted to opioids, alcohol, and cocaine. Therapeutically administered cannabinoids have been proposed for the treatment of multiple illnesses. These include, but are not limited to epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, chronic pain conditions, anxiety disorders, and addiction. The cannabinoid dronabinol has been seen to have varying effects. High doses appear to reduce withdrawal symptoms but this comes at the expense of increased adverse side effects such as sedation and tachycardia. Noribogaine is a weak MOR antagonist and relatively potent KOR agonist, which may explain the clinical anti-addictive effects. More research should be done to assess the viability of these medications for the treatment of OUD and withdrawal.</p>","PeriodicalId":51865,"journal":{"name":"Health Psychology Research","volume":"10 4","pages":"38672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9817468/pdf/healthpsychologyresearch_2022_10_4_38672.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10511184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}