{"title":"Offerings Matter: Revisiting the Sabbath Transgression in Nehemiah 13 and the So-Called Sabbath Reform","authors":"L. B. Noya","doi":"10.1177/03090892231168663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03090892231168663","url":null,"abstract":"Recent interpretations of the Sabbath rest concept in the Hebrew Bible tend to highlight its humanitarian aspect. However, in this paper, I aim to nuance this claim by attending to a rarely discussed Sabbath text in Nehemiah 13. I will argue that the Sabbath rest motif in Nehemiah is less concerned about the humanitarian aspect than the temple’s maintenance while at the same time fulfilling the imperial tax obligation. The Sabbath rest motif supports Nehemiah’s demand for the temple’s communal funding through tithes and offerings. To support this argument, I begin by reviewing the discussion about the Achaemenid imperial rule over the Jerusalem temple and its tax obligation. Scholars differ on how significant the Jerusalem temple was for the imperial administration, but some sort of obligation to the empire is generally accepted. After that, I analyze how the Sabbath concept is manifested in Neh. 13.15–22 in relation to its literary contexts. Along with clearing the temple storeroom, maintaining temple resources, and restricting exogamy, the Sabbath concept facilitates the temple’s maintenance and the meeting of the imperial tax obligation.","PeriodicalId":51830,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Old Testament","volume":"47 1","pages":"408 - 430"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47262240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index of Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/03090892231181983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03090892231181983","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51830,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Old Testament","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136172973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"4. Texts and Versions","authors":"L. Grabbe","doi":"10.1177/03090892231175409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03090892231175409","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51830,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Old Testament","volume":"47 1","pages":"38 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45546475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"8. The Life and Thought of the Surrounding Peoples","authors":"L. Grabbe","doi":"10.1177/03090892231175418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03090892231175418","url":null,"abstract":"This is a delightful but frustrating study. More than a thousand drawings or paintings of animals dressed and acting like humans are known, especially from Deir el-Medina (near the Valley of the Kings). The four most common motifs are elite mice seated before a table of offerings, playing games, musicians in a banquet setting, and pastoral scenes. Many include mice dressed as elite individuals, in some cases with cat servants. One shows a mouse in a chariot, possibly fighting cats in a fortress. Many are on ostraca, perhaps suggesting disposability, but some are on papyri, so that the medium seems no comment on their value. The erotic nature of some of them suggests they were not aimed at children, but their exact aim remains uncertain: possibly satire (in certain cases) or to accompany oral tales or even subversive acts against the ruling elite. A long chapter on Egyptian aesthetic values shows that Egyptians—at least the elite—had a fine appreciation of art and artistry. The frustration comes from the images themselves. A number of clear and charming scenes are provided, but many of the images are less than clear. Of the 83 photos in an appendix, many are difficult and a few impossible to make out. The papyrus image in Cat. 1 is small but can be seen and is delightful. But Cats. 2–4 are only a centimetre or two in height and impossible to see, even with a powerful magnifying glass. The accompanying textual description is not a substitute for the visual. Why obviously obscure images were allowed in this book makes one question the judgment of the publishers and will stump the readers. LeSTer L. graBBe","PeriodicalId":51830,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Old Testament","volume":"46 5","pages":"140 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41285788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"YHWH in a Suit: Kəbôd YHWH as the Regalia of the Priestly God","authors":"Sun-Bok Bae","doi":"10.1177/03090892231170644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03090892231170644","url":null,"abstract":"Kāḇôḏ in kəḇôḏ YHWH has been translated predominantly with abstract words such as “glory” or “presence” throughout the Hebrew Bible. Some scholars argue that kəḇôḏ YHWH simultaneously marks the divine presence and hides the divine essence. These understandings do not capture the specific function and signification of kəḇôḏ YHWH in the pentateuchal Priestly source (P and H). In P and H, kəḇôḏ YHWH conveys the imagery of radiant, fiery clothing, comparable to Mesopotamian melammu. The deity always appears before the public with kəḇôḏ YHWH, whereas the text never says that the deity meets anyone privately with it. kəḇôḏ YHWH expresses the royal aspect of the deity who requires honor and submission. This understanding of kəḇôḏ YHWH in P reveals that the Priestly God is not abstract, enigmatic, or transcendent.","PeriodicalId":51830,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Old Testament","volume":"47 1","pages":"372 - 392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49122836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jeremiah’s Laments as Effective Speech","authors":"Nathan Mastnjak","doi":"10.1177/03090892231168664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03090892231168664","url":null,"abstract":"In his laments, the prophet Jeremiah moves beyond the typical prophetic role of spokesperson. Rather than mediating a divine message, the prophet speaks to the deity from his own suffering. Scholars tend to see Jeremiah’s laments as presenting either a radically interior form of religion or a kind of community protest in which the “I” of the lament is a metonymy for the “we” of the nation. This paper will instead locate Jeremiah’s laments within a discourse on the effective nature of prophetic utterance. Understood in this manner, these laments portray the prophet as praying effectively for the destruction of Judah.","PeriodicalId":51830,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Old Testament","volume":"47 1","pages":"431 - 454"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46699766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"5. Studies on Specific Books I. Pentateuch(Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy)","authors":"P. Jenson","doi":"10.1177/03090892231175410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03090892231175410","url":null,"abstract":"On completion, this will be the largest critical commentary published in English. The extensive introduction covers standard critical issues, while paying particular attention to the theology and the themes of the book. A. expresses scepticism at the idea of authorship and emphasizes the role of scribes in transcribing and updating, as well as composing something new. He traces the development of Deuteronomy from an early legal text through to a significant engagement with Assyrian imperialism in the 8th and 7th centuries Bce. He regards Deut. 1–3 as a rewriting of earlier Pentateuchal traditions and an introduction to the rest of the book, rather than the first part of the Deuteronomistic History. The exilic and post-exilic periods play little role, and in the commentary key texts and themes are sometimes traced back to Moses and early tradition. The commentary is full and wide-ranging, including substantial text-critical notes, incisive discussions of syntactical issues, and four brief excurses (the Ten Commandments, the Sabbath, the central idea of the Shema, the Shema and the greatest commandment). The large number of footnotes treat more technical questions and bear witness to wide reading. A. emphasizes the literary and theological value of the book, with occasional references to its significance for Christians. He adopts a positive attitude in the morally problematic sections. It is frustrating that the initial bibliography listing is not comprehensive, although works can be tracked down in the author index. Overall, this is an outstanding commentary and deserves to be in every institutional and personal library. philip JenSon","PeriodicalId":51830,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Old Testament","volume":"47 1","pages":"48 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42603335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index of Publishers","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/03090892231181986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03090892231181986","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51830,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Old Testament","volume":"47 1","pages":"189 - 190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45666937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"6. Literary Studies and History of Interpretation","authors":"N. Macdonald","doi":"10.1177/03090892231175416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03090892231175416","url":null,"abstract":"The Joseph story has been a subject of considerable controversy in recent scholarship. Did it originate in the northern kingdom or is it a diaspora novella? When and how did it take on its function as a bridge between the patriarchal and exodus narratives? In this clear and compact study, A. argues that the Joseph story originated in the time of the Omrides and climaxed in Joseph’s revelation of himself to his brothers (Gen. 37; 39.1; 40–47). A revised version was produced at the beginning of the 8th century, perhaps in the reign of Jeroboam II, which extended the story to include the death of Jacob and Joseph’s second assurance to his brothers (Gen. 50). At some point before the fall of the northern kingdom it was attached to the Jacob cycle. The story was then exposed to further smaller revisions as it was transmitted in Judahite cycles and incorporated into the patriarchal cycle, the priestly Triteuch, the Hexateuch and the Pentateuch. A. is particularly attentive to the thematic perspectives of the different versions of the story that he discerns, and the way that political claims of the earlier versions were developed in different directions as the book became an expression of diaspora existence. As we have come to expect from A., the weighing of previous scholarship is exemplary, and the examination of historical, exegetical and redactional problems is full of insight. natHan MacdonaLd","PeriodicalId":51830,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Old Testament","volume":"47 1","pages":"93 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44915710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"10. The Dead Sea Scrolls","authors":"L. Grabbe","doi":"10.1177/03090892231175420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/03090892231175420","url":null,"abstract":"Scrolls scholars have been applying many ‘new’ aspects into their work routine, but a fulllength book depicting the entire protocol or procedure is still lacking. This book is an attempt to help fill this gap, with emphasis on digital innovations for textual manipulation and enhancement. The Introduction lists some of these innovations but spends a good deal of energy on describing the ‘Stegemann method’ of reconstruction (though, as is noted, he did not in fact invent it). This detailed description is important because it is basically the Stegemann method that is being applied in this book. Part 1 (Methodology) has chapters on collecting materials, image manipulation, finding material on the verso, finding wads, textual reconstruction, fonts, damage patterns, and placing fragments on a canvass using the Stegemann method. There are also appendices on fonts and on margins of error. Part 2 (4Q418a [4QInstructione]) uses this particular text as an illustration of using the protocol on a manuscript for reconstruction of the text. This is a very enlightening volume, for which we can all be grateful, but I am slightly surprised that there is no mention of W.H. Brownlee, whose pioneering work on textual reconstruction was praised in the 1970s. leSTer l. GraBBe","PeriodicalId":51830,"journal":{"name":"Journal for the Study of the Old Testament","volume":"47 1","pages":"159 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43491636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}