2024: Proceedings of Social Science and Humanities Research Association (SSHRA)最新文献

{"title":"REVENUE GUARANTEES IN PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS","authors":"Uğur Emek","doi":"10.20319/icssh.2024.312313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.312313","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, governments have been responsible for financing, construction and maintenance of infrastructure projects in such sectors as energy, transport, education and health. During last decades, public finance has been inadequate to deliver infrastructure services in terms of construction and renovation. For this reason, the private sector has played an important role to finance greenfield (new) and brownfield (existing) projects in the form of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). Infrastructure investment includes certain risks such as financing, construction, operation and demand. The private sector can control first three risks better than demand risk. The estimation of future demand risk is uneasy in countries with volatile GDP, inflation, currency or users’ willingness to pay tolls. Further, depending on optimism bias or misrepresentation, planners may overestimate the future demand. Since transport traffics have been lower than projected tolls, the private sector may become reluctant to undertake the toll revenue risk and willing to transfer this risk to the government. Minimum revenue guarantees (MRG) is one method to transfer revenue risk to the government among others. Turkish Government has preferred the MRG in the transport projects. Under MNR scheme, the government reimburses the private partner when actual toll falls short of the projected revenue over operating period. On the other hand, motorway PPP projects are divided to several parts by the Turkish Government. Once the private partner completes one part earlier in the construction period, the Turkish government takes that part into operation and MNR commences for this part. Thus, the private partner acquires extra MNR during the construction period in addition to the operating term. Consequently, front loaded MNR is used as cross-subsidy to finance other parts’ construction cost of the related project.","PeriodicalId":518079,"journal":{"name":"2024: Proceedings of Social Science and Humanities Research Association (SSHRA)","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A STUDY OF DUTCH SIEGE TACTICS AND FORTIFICATION DESIGNS IN ASIA DURING THE 17TH CENTURY","authors":"Yu-Ting Lin","doi":"10.20319/icssh.2024.306311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.306311","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the design concepts of Dutch siege fortifications and the VOC's siege practices in Asia in the 17th century. In terms of \"the design concepts of Dutch siege fortifications,\" mainly based on the theoretical work OF BESIEGING TOWNS AND FORTRESSES (Vant Belegherin Der Steden en Sterckten), written by Simon Stevin (1548-1620), a Dutch military engineer. Stevin had served in the Dutch army as a military advisor to Prince Maurice of Nassau (1585-1625), co-planning a number of sieges. Moreover, he was designated to found the engineering school at Leiden University. Thus, Stevin's works reflect the tactics and design concepts of sieges in the 16th-17th centuries. Regarding \"the VOC's siege practices in Asia,\" mainly derived from the establishment of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, abbreviated as the VOC) in 1602. Its purposes were not only to gather wealth but also to attack the power of Spain and Portugal. The government empowered the VOC with the rights to recruit troops, purchase quality guns and cannons, and even represent the country to declare war or make peace with the flags of red, white, and blue. As a result, the globe-wide expansion of the VOC led to several sieges in Asia, as well as cross-cultural military exchanges between Europe and Asia.","PeriodicalId":518079,"journal":{"name":"2024: Proceedings of Social Science and Humanities Research Association (SSHRA)","volume":"82 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON RURAL HOUSEHOLD WELFARE IN MALAWI","authors":"Natasha Mtika","doi":"10.20319/icssh.2024.304305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.304305","url":null,"abstract":"Does cooperative membership promote household welfare? What are the determinants of social capital? What are the negative factors arising from social capital? By following a case study approach of two agricultural cooperatives in Malawi, the study focused specifically on rural household welfare to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms through which social capital impacts rural communities in Malawi. The empirical evidence gathered was directed to uncover social capital both as a determinant factor of household welfare as well as a household socio-demographic factor to capture both its exogeneity and its endogeneity. This research narrows the research gap in Malawi, since until this research, there remained a significant gap in the literature regarding the examination of the relationship between social capital and rural household welfare. This research, therefore, focuses specifically on the relationship between rural household income and social capital by using t-tests, also traditional regression analysis to determine the determinants of social capital. Results indicate that cooperative membership improves household welfare as revealed by the striking disparities in income levels and variability between cooperative members and non-cooperative members. This is attributed to the substantial economic benefits of cooperative membership such as reduced transactional costs and improved market and information access which are available to cooperative members as opposed to non-members, underscoring the role of social capital embedded in groups and cooperatives in contributing to the socio-economic development and poverty alleviation of rural households. Institutional trust, gender, and education emerged as key predictors of social capital underscoring the crucial roles of trust, gender dynamics, and education levels within social networks. This highlights the need for policy interventions that promote education, address gender disparities, and build people’s trust in local, district, and national institutions to enhance social capital among people in rural areas. Financial barriers, power imbalances, and leadership accountability were found to limit the inclusivity and accessibility of the networks by those who are outside as well as contribute to a lack of trust and reduced participation among members, especially those who feel marginalized or excluded.","PeriodicalId":518079,"journal":{"name":"2024: Proceedings of Social Science and Humanities Research Association (SSHRA)","volume":"31 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POLYGAMY IN FOCUS: A DISCOURSE ON SOCIETAL NORMS, RIGHTS, AND PRACTICAL CHALLENGES","authors":"Gintarė Sereikaitė Motiejūnė","doi":"10.20319/icssh.2024.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.204","url":null,"abstract":"This article delves into the multifaceted perspectives on polygamy, specifically focusing on why a woman might opt to become a co-wife. The study, conducted in a private Facebook group for women who are part of or interested in polygamous relationships, unveils that societal norms, religious convictions, and individual situations greatly shape the views on polygamy. Despite certain muslim feminist groups advocating for the restriction of polygamy to specific scenarios, both men and women have their unique interpretations and applications of the principle, often extending beyond the confines of the Qur'anic context. However, these theories don't fully encompass the practical responsibilities and potential hurdles tied to polygamy. The study also exposed that polygamy, commonly perceived from a male-centric viewpoint, could also be interpreted as a woman's right, particularly when she is the instigator of the marriage. In summary, the research provides both theoretical insights and pragmatic implications, allowing us to perceive polygamy not just as a male prerogative but also as a potential social support structure for women.","PeriodicalId":518079,"journal":{"name":"2024: Proceedings of Social Science and Humanities Research Association (SSHRA)","volume":"1983 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140527650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPLORING ALGORITHMIC EXPERIENCES IN OTT: WITH A MIXED-METHODS APPROACH","authors":"Dongah Jeong, Sang Woo Lee","doi":"10.20319/icssh.2024.103113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.103113","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the challenge of 'poverty in the midst of abundance' in OTT services, where a vast array of content makes it difficult for users to find what suits their tastes, often leading to subscription cancellations. U.S. market studies show users spend an average of 10.5 minutes searching for content, while in South Korea, they experience psychological fatigue during this process. This indicates a need for improved recommendation algorithms to enhance user experience and reduce service churn The research focuses on identifying attributes in OTT recommendation algorithms that users prefer, aiming to understand which specific features of recommendations are most valued by users. Findings reveal that effective recommendation systems, tailored to user preferences and feedback, can significantly enhance the user experience. Improved search interfaces and content curation are crucial for increasing user trust and satisfaction. The paper provides an academic foundation for understanding algorithmic interplay in OTT services and practical guidance for companies to develop more effective recommendation strategies. This research underscores the importance of user-centric approaches in OTT platforms to address the content overload problem and enhance overall service quality.","PeriodicalId":518079,"journal":{"name":"2024: Proceedings of Social Science and Humanities Research Association (SSHRA)","volume":"7 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140529366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USE JD-R THEORY TO EXPLORE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE EXPERIENCE AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT—TAKING JOB DEMANDS AS THE MODERATING VARIABLE","authors":"Mei Jhen Yin, Chi Yu Chen, Yi Wen Yang, Po Han Hsu","doi":"10.20319/icssh.2024.2223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.2223","url":null,"abstract":"Past research has proven that employee experience has a positive impact on employee engagement. Based on the conceptual framework of Job Demands-Resources model (JD-R) model, this study regards efficient employee experience as a job resource to explore the impact of \"employee experience\" and” job demands” on employee engagement in organizations. Work requirements are further divided into challenge demand and hindrance demand. This study adopts the experimental design of the scenario method and uses two two-factor independent sample designs, namely 2x2(employee experience is high / employee experience is low x challenging job demands is high / challenging job demands is low) and 2x2(employee experience is high / employee experience is low x hindering job demands is high / hindering job demands is low).A total of 176 valid questionnaires were collected. The research results found that when employee experience is high, employee engagement is higher than when employee experience is low. Employee experience and job demands have an interactive effect on employee engagement. When employee experience is high, employee engagement will be higher when challenging job demands are added than when hindering job demands are added. It is expected that the results of this study can help in theoretical and practical applications","PeriodicalId":518079,"journal":{"name":"2024: Proceedings of Social Science and Humanities Research Association (SSHRA)","volume":"755 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140529231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPLORING THE INNOVATIVE APPROACH OF TEACHING AND LEARNING FOR TERTIARY EDUCATION – IN THE FIELD STUDY OF ACCOUNTING","authors":"Van Kam Tchiang","doi":"10.20319/icssh.2024.6869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.6869","url":null,"abstract":"Innovative approaches to teaching and learning have become indispensable in recent years, and the field of accounting is no exception. The use of various innovative approaches such as the crowdsourcing model, active learning, formative assessment, gamification, and active use of technology are examples of innovative pedagogies that can transform teaching and learning for tertiary education. These pedagogies can target skills that most impact students’ career prospects and social lives, and secure the necessary depth and breadth of skills needed for lifelong learning. This research aims to explore the effectiveness of innovative pedagogies in teaching accounting. The study will involve interviews and surveys of accounting students to gather their perspectives on how innovative approaches impact their learning process. The research will investigate how innovative pedagogies can improve student engagement, enhance motivation, increase capacity for critical thinking skills, provide personalized adaptive learning processes, and foster learning development through collaboration. In summary, this research seeks to contribute to the growing body of literature on innovative pedagogies in accounting education. By exploring the effectiveness of innovative approaches, this study aims to provide insights into how accounting educators can improve their teaching practices and better prepare students for the demands of the modern human resource market on novice accountants.","PeriodicalId":518079,"journal":{"name":"2024: Proceedings of Social Science and Humanities Research Association (SSHRA)","volume":"320 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140529388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REPRESENTING THE ISLAMIST POLITICS IN BANGLADESHI NEWSPAPERS: THE 2023 BARISHAL CITY CORPORATION ELECTION AS A CASE","authors":"Md. Rana Mia","doi":"10.20319/icssh.2024.0304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.0304","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to explore the representation and news coverage of an Islamist political party- Islami Andolon Bangladesh (IAB) in three Bangladeshi mainstream and ‘quality’ daily newspapers- the Daily Star (DS), the Daily Janakantha (DJ) and the New Age (NA). In the context of the city corporation election- the 2023 Barishal City Corporation (BCC), the study has been conducted. It examines if the dailies either sidelined, ignored or favored this Islamist party. It observes where they pay more or less news value about IAB and its electoral campaign. Additionally, it argues that the candidate of IAB used myth through speeches to encourage voters. The myth— if you vote for hand-fan (electoral symbol of IAB), Allah and his messenger (prophet Hazrat Muhammad) will have the votes —was unchallenged and unquestioned and the advice not to use misinformation and misguide the voters found absent in the dailies. Though the IAB could not win the election, it was expected that mass media as social institutions would come forward with accurate information to inform people wisely and so that ordinary people would not be misguided. Through quantitative and qualitative content analysis, this study leads to the outcomes that these newspapers were silent to uphold the activities of IAB. The DS and DJ had a propensity to sideline and ignore the IAB and its electioneering despite receiving the second highest vote in the election. They prioritized ruling party Awami League (AL) and Jatiya Party (JaPa) while the NA prioritized IAB through providing a better representation and emphasizing on different allegations made by this party. In future, this research can be a basement or pioneer for the researchers who will intend to look into the perspective of newspapers on political parties","PeriodicalId":518079,"journal":{"name":"2024: Proceedings of Social Science and Humanities Research Association (SSHRA)","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140529130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTS OF GENERATIVE-AI RESPONSES ON USER EXPERIENCE AFTER AI HALLUCINATION","authors":"Hayoen Kim","doi":"10.20319/icssh.2024.92101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2024.92101","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) systems into our daily lives has led to the phenomenon of \"AI hallucination,\" where AI produces convincing yet incorrect information, undermining both user experience and system credibility. This study investigates the impact of AI's responses, specifically appreciation and apology, on user perception and trust following AI errors. Utilizing attribution theory, we explore whether users prefer AI systems that attribute errors internally or externally and how these attributions affect user satisfaction. A qualitative methodology, featuring interviews with individuals aged 20 to 30 who have experience with conversational AI, has been employed. Respondents preferred AI to apologize in hallucination situations and to attribute the responsibility for the error to the outside world. Results show that transparency in error communication is essential for maintaining user trust, with detailed explanations. The research contributes to the understanding of how politeness and attribution strategies can influence user engagement with AI and has significant implications for AI development, emphasizing the need for error communication strategies that balance transparency and user experience.","PeriodicalId":518079,"journal":{"name":"2024: Proceedings of Social Science and Humanities Research Association (SSHRA)","volume":"351 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140529384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}