Journal of biotechnology and biomedicine最新文献

{"title":"Differential Gene Expression in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Implication in the Diagnosis and Individualized Treatment Plan.","authors":"Sumanjali Reddy Kanmantha Reddy, Stefanie Au, Ananta Srivastava, Emmanuel Katsaros, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280187","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and destruction of the joints due to the involvement of biologic, environmental, and genetic factors. Due to its pathogenesis being multifactorial in origin, the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to the development of RA remain unclear. Therefore, understanding the factors driving RA is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes. With various genetic variants contributing to RA, this article explores the role of differential gene expression in patients with RA and in different ethnic populations and how the genes contribute to RA susceptibility. Key takeaways from this review demonstrate how HLA shared epitope alleles and non-HLA genes have a strong association with RA and play an important role in immune regulation, autoantibody production, cytokine production, and development of extra-articular manifestations observed in RA. Additionally, gene expression in RA can vary across different sexes and ethnic populations, emphasizing the importance of developing personalized therapeutic interventions. These findings provide insight into the role of differential gene expression in improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and highlights potential therapeutic targets for RA management. Future research is needed to determine the clinical relevance of differential gene expression in developing interventions for RA treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":518002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology and biomedicine","volume":"8 2","pages":"148-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12176426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extraction-Free Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in Nasal Swab and Saliva Samples on a Single High-Throughput Platform.","authors":"Yue Qiu, Ling Lu, Amanda Halven, Rachel Terrio, Sydney Yuldelson, Natalie Dougal, Filippo Galbo, Andrew Lu, Dexiang Gao, Bob Blomquist, Jose P Zevallos, Shi-Long Lu, Xin Yao, Brian L Harry","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280144","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic introduced an urgent need for rapid and high-throughput testing for SARS-CoV-2. RNA extraction is a major bottleneck for RT-qPCR. We describe a semi-automated, extraction-free RT-qPCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasal swab and saliva samples on a single platform. With a limit of detection of 4 copies/mL, this laboratory developed test performed equivalently to established methods requiring nucleic acid extraction. Five technologists staffing two shifts per day (80 person-hours) processed more than 400,000 samples over 10 months. Patients opted to provide nasal swab samples (83.6%) more frequently than saliva (16.4%), creating the added challenge of producing swab collection kits. Real-world testing data indicated a higher frequency of SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva (10.1%) compared to nasal swab (7.7%). This cost-effective and quickly scalable approach is suitable for pandemic preparedness planning related to surveillance and diagnostic testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":518002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology and biomedicine","volume":"7 2","pages":"214-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11290348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141862050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathophysiology of X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: Updates on Molecular Mechanisms.","authors":"Parveen Parasar, Navtej Kaur, Jaspreet Singh","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280151","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>X-ALD, an inherited monogenic metabolic disorder affecting the CNS and adrenal white matter, is caused by mutations in ABCD1 gene leading to defective fatty acid oxidation in the peroxisomes. This results in accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids, VLCFA, into brain, spinal cord, and body fluids. A single ABCD1mutation does not clearly explain the severity and diverse clinical spectrum of X-ALD phenotypes which suggests that not only genetic but also other modifier genes, epigenetic factors, and environmental factors play a role and contribute to neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, oxidative stress, and metabolic defects seen in phenotypes of ALD. In this review we discuss genotype and phenotype correlation and clinical spectra of X-ALD, previous and recent modifier genetic factors of X-ALD, including novel role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in pathology and as biomarkers. We also discuss the mechanistic interplay of miRNAs and metabolic pathways and potential of targeting miRNAs for X-ALD.</p>","PeriodicalId":518002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology and biomedicine","volume":"7 2","pages":"277-288"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11271253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141764000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of Orosomucoid-like Protein 3 Activity in the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","authors":"Ugljesa Malicevic, Vikrant Rai, Ranko Skrbic, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26502/jbb.2642-91280167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic and relapsing condition characterized by persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The complex pathogenesis of IBD involves a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune factors, which complicates the achievement of long-term remission. Lower abdominal pain, stomach cramps, blood in stool, chronic diarrhea, fatigue, and unexpected weight loss are common presenting symptoms. Despite the range of therapies and medications, including anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrheal drugs, immunosuppressants, antibiotics, and analgesics aimed at managing symptoms and controlling inflammation, a definitive cure for IBD remains elusive. Current therapy targets inflammation, mainly cytokines, inflammatory receptors, and immune cells, however, there is a need for novel targets to improve clinical outcomes. To identify novel targets and interactions among various factors, we performed a network analysis using various cytokines, TLRs, and NLRP3 inflammasome as inputs. This analysis revealed orosomucoid-like protein 3/ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3 (ORMDL3) as a central hub gene interacting with multiple factors. While the role of ORMDL3 in IBD pathogenesis is not well-established, our findings and existing literature suggest that ORMDL3 plays a role in inflammation, impaired mitochondrial function, and disrupted autophagy, all contributing to the disease progression. Given its central role in these pathogenic processes, targeting ORMDL3 presents a promising therapeutic target. Modulating ORMDL3 activity could alleviate inflammation, restore mitochondrial function, and enhance autophagy, potentially leading to more effective treatments and improved outcomes for IBD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":518002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology and biomedicine","volume":"7 4","pages":"433-444"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11606571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biologically Enhanced Patch in the Healing and Mechanical Stability of Rotator Cuff Tears.","authors":"Merlin Rajesh Lal Lp, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280161","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological patches have emerged as promising adjuncts in the surgical management of rotator cuff tears, aiming to enhance tissue healing and biomechanical properties of repaired tendons. These patches, derived from human or animal sources such as dermis or small intestinal submucosa, undergo mechanical and pathological changes within the rotator cuff environment post-implantation. These patches provide structural reinforcement to the repair site, distributing forces more evenly across the tendon and promoting a gradual load transfer during the healing process. This redistribution of forces helps alleviate tension on the repaired tendon and surrounding tissues, potentially reducing the risk of re-tears and improving overall repair integrity. Moreover, biological patches serve as scaffolds for cellular infiltration and tissue ingrowth, facilitating the recruitment of cells and promoting collagen synthesis. The integration of these patches into the host tissue involves a cascade of cellular events, including inflammation, angiogenesis, and matrix remodeling. Inflammatory responses triggered by patch implantation contribute to the recruitment of immune cells and the release of cytokines and growth factors, fostering a microenvironment conducive to tissue repair. However, despite their potential benefits, the long-term efficacy and durability of biological patches in rotator cuff repair remain areas of ongoing research and debate. Further studies are needed to elucidate the optimal patch characteristics, surgical techniques, and rehabilitation protocols to maximize clinical outcomes and minimize complications in rotator cuff surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":518002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology and biomedicine","volume":"7 3","pages":"379-387"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11448454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gestational Intermittent Hypoxia Impairs AT₂R-Mediated Vascular Protection in Female Offspring on a High-Fat, High-Sucrose Diet.","authors":"Ruolin Song, Pankaj Yadav, Jay S Mishra, Sri Vidya Dangudubiyyam, Sathish Kumar","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280150","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gestational intermittent hypoxia (GIH), a hallmark of maternal obstructive sleep apnea, sex-differentially causes hypertension and endothelial dysfunction in adult male offspring but not in females. This study investigated whether the GIH-exposed female offspring, a \"protected\" group against the hypertensive effects of maternal GIH exposure, exhibit increased susceptibility to hypertension and cardiovascular dysfunction when fed a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet and whether this effect could be reversed by pharmacological intervention activating the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT₂R).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female offspring of control and GIH-exposed (10.5% O₂, 8 h/d, E10-21) dams were assigned either an HFHS diet or a standard diet from 12 weeks of age. Blood pressure was monitored. At 28 weeks, a systemic CGP42112 (AT₂R agonist) or saline infusion was administered through the osmotic pump. At 30 weeks, the heart was weighed and collected for H&E staining, mesenteric arteries for vascular reactivity assessment and protein analysis, and plasma for ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HFHS diet induced similar increases in body weight gain and blood pressure in control and GIH female offspring. HFHS feeding did not affect heart structure, but impaired endothelial-dependent vascular relaxation with associated decreased AT₂R and eNOS expression and reduced plasma bradykinin levels in both control and GIH offspring. CGP42112 administration effectively mitigated HFHS-induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction only in control offspring, accompanied by restored AT₂R, eNOS, and bradykinin levels, but not in the GIH counterparts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that GIH induces endothelial dysfunction and AT₂R insensitivity in female offspring exposed to an HFHS diet.</p>","PeriodicalId":518002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology and biomedicine","volume":"7 2","pages":"264-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11259025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic Analysis of Gene Expression and Effect of Electromagnetic Field in Brain Tissue after Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Vikrant Rai, Yssel Mendoza-Mari, James Brazdzionis, Mohamed M Radwan, David A Connett, Dan E Miulli, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280131","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to a direct blow or penetrating injury to the head damages the brain tissue and affects brain function. Primary and secondary damage to the brain tissue increases disability, morbidity, and mortality and costs millions of dollars in treatment. Injury to the brain tissue results in the activation of various inflammatory and repair pathways involving many cellular and molecular factors. Increased infiltration of immune cells to clear the debris and lesion healing, activation of Schwann cells, myelination, oligodendrocyte formation, and axonal regeneration occur after TBI to regenerate the tissue. However, secondary damage to brain tissue results in behavioral symptoms. Repair and regeneration are regulated by a complex cascade involving various cells, hormones, and proteins. A change in the expression of various proteins due to altered gene expression may be the cause of impaired repair and the sequelae in TBI. In this pilot study, we used a Yucatan miniswine model of TBI with and without electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation and investigated the differential gene expression between injured and non-injured cortex tissues. We found several differentially expressed genes including INSC, TTR, CFAP126, SEMA3F, CALB1, CDH19, and SERPINE1. These genes are associated with immune cell infiltration, myelination, reactive oxygen species regulation, thyroid hormone transportation, cell proliferation, and cell migration. There was a time-dependent effect of EMF stimulation on the gene and protein expression. The findings support the beneficial effect of EMF stimulation in the repair process following TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":518002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology and biomedicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10976857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140320355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Data Science and Genomics Capacity of a Historically Black Medical College Through Interdisciplinary Training and Research Collaborations.","authors":"Qingguo Wang, Vibhuti Gupta, Aize Cao, Pandu Gangula, Hua Xie, Rajbir Singh, Todd Gary, Samuel E Adunyah, Aramandla Ramesh, Anil Shanker","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280166","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As data grows exponentially across diverse fields, effectively leveraging big data has become increasingly crucial. In data science and computational genomics, however, minority groups, including African Americans, are significantly underrepresented, coupled with the lack of resources and infrastructure in minority-serving institutions. This paper summarizes the second phase of our funded project that aims to enhance the data science capacity of Meharry Medical College (MMC), a Historically Black College/University (HBCU), by providing training and fostering collaborations between data scientists and researchers in basic science and biomedical fields. Using diverse training approaches and formats, we introduced data science and computational genomics to hundreds of MMC researchers and students in the past 2 years. The training modules designed for dental curriculums introduced artificial intelligence and machine learning to ~250 dental students, 80% of which are African Americans (AA). We have also fostered partnerships between data scientists and other MMC researchers for joint publications and grant applications in various areas that impact the health of AA population. The multiple grants awarded recently to MMC clearly indicate an enhanced data science and genomics capacity of MMC and the impact of our work on the local community.</p>","PeriodicalId":518002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology and biomedicine","volume":"7 4","pages":"425-432"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11676495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Complexities of Atopic Dermatitis: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.","authors":"Fihr Chaudhary, Wismmy Lee, Tony Escander, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280155","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin condition impacting both children and adults globally, with a prevalence of 15-30%. It ranks as the most prevalent skin disorder based on disability-adjusted life-years by the World Health Organization. It presents with symptoms like skin irritation, redness, dryness, itchiness, and vesicular blisters and commonly coexists with other atopic symptoms like allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies. The pathophysiology involves a complex interplay of genetic predispositions, immunological dysfunctions, and environmental factors leading to tissue inflammation and disrupted skin barrier integrity. Alopecia areata is characterized by nonscarring hair loss and shares correlations with AD including a higher prevalence of atopic diseases, shared intracellular mechanisms involving the JAK-STAT pathway, and potential treatment overlap such as dupilumab. These correlations could direct new areas of research and increased insight for both diseases. Treatment of AD requires a personalized approach due to its complex, multifactorial nature integrating nonpharmacological interventions like skin hydration and trigger avoidance as well as topical and systemic approaches, if necessary, with topical corticosteroids being the first line for flares; long term corticosteroid use poses risk for adverse effects like skin atrophy. Severe cases may require systemic treatments or phototherapy. Future treatment prospects include targeting the dysbiotic microbiome and identifying biomarkers for tailored therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the importance of personalized medicine in optimizing AD management.</p>","PeriodicalId":518002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology and biomedicine","volume":"7 3","pages":"314-328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11309089/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Electromagnetic Field on Proliferation and Migration of Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes: Implications in Wound Healing and Regeneration.","authors":"Marija Stojanovic, Vikrant Rai, Devendra K Agrawal","doi":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280162","DOIUrl":"10.26502/jbb.2642-91280162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells are key events in the physiological process of wound healing. This process includes different but overlapping stages: hemostasis, inflammatory phase, the proliferative phase, and the remodeling phase. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as a mechanical insult to the brain from external mechanical force (primary injury), usually followed by the secondary injury including edema, inflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, or mitochondrial dysfunction. The process of tissue repair following TBI is based on the neuronal-glial interactions, where phagocytosis by microglia plays a crucial role. Low-frequency electromagnetic field (LF-EMF) has been shown to enhance tissue repair after TBI, however, there are limited studies investigating the effects of LF-EMF on the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, VSMCs, and endothelial cells in the context of wound healing and on neuronal cells and microglia in relation to healing after TBI. Better understanding of the effects of LF-EMF on the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of these cells is important to enhance tissue healing after injury. This review article comprehensively discussed the effect of EMF/LF-EMF on these cells. Results published by different authors are hardly comparable due to different methodological approach and experimental settings. EMF promotes migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, keratinocytes and endothelial cells (EC), and thus could improve wound healing. The pilot study preformed on a large animal model of TBI suggests anti-inflammatory effects of EMF stimulation following TBI. Therefore, EMF is recognized as a potential therapeutic option to accelerate the wound healing and improve cellular recovery and function after TBI. Nonetheless, future studies are needed to define the optimal parameters of EMF stimulation in terms of frequency or duration of exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":518002,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology and biomedicine","volume":"7 3","pages":"387-399"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11448841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142373993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}