Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of COVID-19–Associated Stress and Knowledge Among Iranian Population: A Web-Based Cross-sectional Survey","authors":"B. Ebrahimi, M. Nazarinia, Mina Molayem, Atefeh Javidialsaadi, Marzieh Nemati","doi":"10.5812/archcid-105980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-105980","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The first COVID-19 case was reported in December 2019 in China. The number of infected cases increased rapidly, and COVID-19 became a public health issue worldwide. The high transmission rate and global spreading of COVID-19 caused public anxiety and may lead to unfavorable effects on psychological health. Objectives: This study evaluated the COVID-19 impact on the public anxiety, knowledge, and behavior of Iranians. Methods: We used a web-based cross-sectional survey and collected data from 1627 volunteers. Demographic information, anxiety self-reporting, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale (GAD-7), and COVID-19–related knowledge were evaluated. Results: Among the participants, the dominant GAD-7 score was mild, and the self-reporting level of anxiety was 5.28/10. Women and younger people reported higher anxiety than men and older groups. Further, 69.76% of participants had good knowledge, and among them, the level of education had a positive effect on knowledge, while sex and age did not have any effect. Social media and applications were the most common source of information. Conclusions: Our study showed that Iranians’ anxiety was at the medium level, and their high knowledge level about COVID-19 could affect this reduction; however, we should not ignore that less anxiety makes the matter less essential.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43974431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing and Development of Simultaneous Detection of Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae based on EvaGreen Real-Time PCR","authors":"Majid Sohrabi, M. Alebouyeh, F. Fallah, F. Tahmasebi","doi":"10.5812/archcid-129075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-129075","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae are serious causes of invasive infections associated with high mortality and morbidity worldwide, particularly meningitis. Efficient diagnostic strategies play a crucial role in the management of disease and the prevention of overtreatment. The low sensitivity and time-consuming nature of culture and gram stain methods have led to the demand for alternative methods in clinical laboratories. Objectives: This study aims to design and develop a rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective EvaGreen-based real-time PCR to simultaneously detect N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae. Methods: We designed and evaluated an accurate, reliable, and inexpensive approach based on EvaGreen dye real-time PCR to simultaneously detect N. meningitidis and S. pneumoniae in a single tube from cerebrospinal fluid. In a single-tube reaction, melting curve analysis was used to differentiate the amplicons of each pathogen. Analytical sensitivity and specificity of the assay were conducted by reference bacterial strains genomes. Besides, in order to clinical validation we used 53 positive CSF samples and 7 negative CSF samples. Results: Our assay demonstrated no amplification curve with non-target microorganisms indicating 100% analytical specificity. In the EvaGreen multiplex assay, the lower limit of detection (LLD) was nine copies/reaction for N. meningitidis and 13 copies/reaction for S. pneumoniae. The clinical validation of positive CSF samples revealed 100% sensitivity and no false positives. The reproducibility and repeatability of tested replicates indicated low intra-assay and inter-assay CVs of less than 1.5%. Conclusions: EvaGreen-based multiplex real-time PCR offers a rapid, affordable, and appropriate diagnostic tool to identify the main cause of bacterial meningitis.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44400172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evaluation of Diagnostic Values of Clinical Symptoms for COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Northern Iran: The Syndromic Surveillance System Data","authors":"H. Hatami, M. Saeidi, M. Rezapour","doi":"10.5812/archcid-117465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-117465","url":null,"abstract":"Background: A novel coronavirus led to a rapidly spreading outbreak of COVID-19, which caused morbidity and mortality worldwide. Appropriate case definitions can help diagnose COVID-19. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the COVID-19 clinical symptoms and their potential patterns using latent class analysis (LCA) for identifying confirmed COVID-19 cases among hospitalized patients in northern Iran according to the syndromic surveillance system data. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with COVID-19 admitted to hospitals in Mazandaran Province, Iran. Respiratory specimens were collected by nasopharyngeal swabs from the patients and tested for COVID-¬19 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns of the symptoms. The sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of each symptom pattern were compared and plotted. Also, multiple logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio for each symptom pattern for predicting COVID-19 infection by adjusting for gender and age groups. Results: Among 13,724 hospitalized patients tested for COVID-19 and included in the analyses, 4,836 (35, 2%) had RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19. The symptoms of fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, myalgia, sore throat, diarrhea, nausea or vomiting, headache, and arthralgia were significantly more common in patients positive for COVID-19 than in other patients and were used in LCA. Latent class analysis suggested six classes (patterns) of clinical symptoms. The AUC of symptom patterns was poor, being 0.43 for class 5, comprising patients without any symptoms, and 0.53 for class 3, comprising patients with fever, chills, and cough. Also, multiple logistic regression showed that class 1, comprising patients with fever, chills, cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, and arthralgia, had an odds ratio of 2.87 (1.39, 3.43) relative to class 5 (patients without any symptoms) for positive COVID-19. Conclusions: This study showed that the clinical symptoms might help diagnose COVID-19. However, the defined clinical symptoms suggested in the surveillance system of COVID-19 in Iran during this time were not appropriate for identifying COVID-19 cases.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47922755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Etiology of Fever Episodes of Splenectomized Patients in Three Medical Centers in the City of Mashhad in Northeastern Iran","authors":"Mahnaz Arian, Azade Haji Moniri, M. Najaf Najafi, B. Imani, Mohammad Afkar, Jalil Hasani","doi":"10.5812/archcid-110883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-110883","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Many medical and surgical conditions may need to be treated with splenectomy. As this lymphoid tissue plays an important role in controlling various infections, and many life-threatening infections can occur in the absence of the spleen, any episode of fever should be taken seriously. Objectives: This study aims to assess the bacterial etiology of fever episodes in splenectomized patients in three medical centers in Mashhad, a city in northeastern Iran. Methods: Between 2006 and 2017, splenectomized patients in Imam Reza, Ghaem, and Dr. Sheikh hospitals were included in a cross-sectional study. Data collected included, age at splenectomy, hospitalization duration, indications for admission to the intensive care unit, vital signs at admission, bacterial species responsible for sepsis, times of hospitalization due to fever episodes, clinical signs and symptoms, antibiotic prophylaxis, and outcomes at six and one years. The data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 20. Results: A total of 280 splenectomized patients were reviewed, and 23 of them had episodes of fever. The most common causes of splenectomy were spleen masses and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), each accounting for 17.4% of cases. The mean age of the patients was 24.2 ± 1.6 years. 47.8% of the patients were male, and 52.2% were female. The median admission duration was seven days. A majority of admissions were due to intra-abdominal infections (26.7%), pneumonia (13.3%), and bacteremia (10.0%). There were 30 episodes of fever recorded, of which 2 (6.7%) resulted in death. Blood culture was positive in four cases (13.3%) for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter, and Brucella. A suitable antibiotic coverage was obtained in 13.3% of cases (i.e., ceftriaxone + vancomycin or fluoroquinolone + vancomycin), and a minimum suitable empiric coverage was obtained in 10.0% of cases, and no appropriate antibiotic coverage was obtained in 76.7% of cases. Conclusions: The present study highlights widespread inappropriate empiric therapy of fever episodes in splenectomized patients, as well as a lack of due attention to timely sample collection before antibiotic administration. Despite this, the isolated organisms were varied and included S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, P. aeruginosa, Brucella, and Citrobacter.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42339227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising Concern of Monkeypox as a Viral Zoonosis After COVID-19 Era","authors":"M. Mardani, B. Pourkaveh","doi":"10.5812/archcid-129809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-129809","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48813652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in Brain-Dead Organ Donors","authors":"E. Nasri, H. Fakhim, Abolfazl Jafari-Sales, Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi, A. Vaezi, M. Rezaei, P. Tabarsi","doi":"10.5812/archcid-116005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-116005","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) among brain-dead organ donors at Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Methods: By enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 54 organ donors were screened for HTLV-1 virus in this descriptive cross-sectional study. Following that, Western blot confirmation was performed to confirm the HTLV-I infection. Results: Anti-HTLV-1 antibodies were detected in 2 (3.4%) cases out of 54 patients tested by ELISA. A western blot was performed in cases of positive results, but none of the subjects tested positive for HTLV-1 infection. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated rare cases of HTLV-I infection in brain-dead organ donors. However, it is recommended that organ donors be investigated for the prevalence of this virus.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44469363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus plantarum in Biopsy Samples of Colorectal Cancer and Polyp Patients Compared to Healthy People","authors":"M. Dadashi, Abolfazl Sahebi, Reza Arjmand-Teymouri, M. Mirzaii, Mehdi Mousavian, Somayeh Yaslianifard","doi":"10.5812/archcid-116165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-116165","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death in both men and women worldwide. According to different studies, infectious agents or microbiota dysbiosis can play a role in CRC progression. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus plantarum in people with polyps or CRC compared to healthy individuals. Methods: In this study, 60 biopsy samples were collected from three groups, including patients with CRC, polyps, and healthy people. The genomic DNA was extracted from the collected samples and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect E. faecalis, L. acidophilus, and L. plantarum. In the next step, quantitative Real-Time PCR was used to evaluate the copy number of the bacteria in the studied groups. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups regarding age and gender (P > 0.05). The mean number of E. faecalis was higher in patients with CRC than in patients with polyps and healthy individuals (P < 0.05). Also, the mean numbers of L. acidophilus and L. plantarum were higher in healthy individuals than in patients with polyps and CRC (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that L. acidophilus and L. plantarum in people with a family history of CRC and patients with polyps may effectively prevent or reduce CRC progression.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41482691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Bacterial and Fungal Isolates in COVID-19","authors":"Rozita Khodashahi, H. Naderi, Mosalreza Mohammadabadi, R. Ataei, Mandana Khodashahi, M. Dadgarmoghaddam, S. Elyasi","doi":"10.5812/archcid-121580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-121580","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The pattern of bacterial infection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients differ worldwide. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the patterns of bacterial infections and the antibiotic resistance profile by VITEK 2 (bioMérieux, France) in the culture of blood samples from hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional was conducted on a total of 25 patients with critical COVID-19 admitted to Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran, during the first three COVID-19 peaks (2019 - 2020). Results: Among Gram-positive bacteria, two strains isolated from Staphylococcus aureus were methicillin-resistant S. aureus at a concentration of > 2 μg/mL. Enterococcus was vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus at a concentration of higher than 4 μg/mL (the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥ 32). Among Gram-negative bacteria, three strains of Acinetobacter baumannii complex were extensively drug-resistant. Conclusions: There is evidence of the remarkable increase of various antibiotics’ MIC during the COVID-19 pandemic, which highlights the impact of the use of steroids on the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49550519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The challenge of tuberculosis diagnosis and management in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic and diabetes mellitus","authors":"A. Esteghamati, M. Mardani","doi":"10.5812/archcid-128743","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-128743","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44338259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infodemic Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic and the Strategies to Deal with Them: A Review Article","authors":"Nasim Aslani, A. Behmanesh, Freshteh Davoodi, A. Garavand, Roshanak Shams","doi":"10.5812/archcid-127022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-127022","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The phenomenon of infodemic following the outbreak of COVID-19 has led to several adverse public health consequences. Infodemic poses challenges at the community level, and identifying and adopting effective strategies against it can address many of these challenges. The present study aimed to determine the infodemic challenges of COVID-19 and the strategy to deal with them. Evidence acquisition: We searched PubMed and Scopus scientific databases using related keywords up to April 2022. The article selection process was based on the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data extraction was carried out using a data extraction form. We analyzed the extracted data through the content analyses method. Results: We identified infodemic challenges from related studies and classified them into nine main categories. These challenges included social hazards, improper health behavior, and scientific hazards. Other results show that strategies to deal with COVID-19 and other similar conditions can be classified into seven main categories, including the active confrontation with centers and scientific sources, the effective intervention of health care professionals, responsible participatory actions, actions of governments and authorities, monitoring and identifying incorrect information, heightening people’s awareness, and encouragement for vaccination. Conclusions: In this study, we identified and reported different coping strategies from all around the world that are very broad, and different countries and societies can use appropriate methods according to their situations and characteristics. Efforts to disseminate accurate information and prevent the propagation of incorrect information during a pandemic crisis can be vital.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41401578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}