Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"First Report of the Emergence of mecC Gene and CC8/ST239 Tigecycline-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Lineage Isolated from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media","authors":"Chakameh Amini, Zahra Rahmani, S. Hosseini, Parmida Bagheri, Mehdi Goudarzi","doi":"10.5812/archcid-139695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-139695","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most significant bacteria involved in ear infections. However, insights into the molecular attributes of S. aureus collected from patients with chronic otitis media have yet to be reported in Iran. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolated from patients with chronic otitis media. Methods: A total of 55 S. aureus strains retrieved from patients with chronic otitis media were analyzed by the disk diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify the nucA gene. Isolates were genetically classified using the coagulase typing method. S. aureus protein A (spa) typing, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were performed on isolates with resistance to specific antibiotics. Results: Overall, out of 55 S. aureus isolates, resistance to mupirocin, fusidic acid, and tigecycline was identified in 12.7%, 5.4%, and 3.6% of isolates, respectively. Fusidic acid-resistant isolates belonged to ST5-SCCmecII/t002/coaII. Two tigecycline-resistant isolates belonged to CC8/ST239-SCCmecIII/t234/coaVIII. One positive mecC isolate belonged to the CC/ST130-SCCmecXI/t843/coaIII clone. Isolates with the iMLSB phenotype belonged to CC/ST80-SCCmecIV/t044/coaII (4 isolates), CC8/ST239-SCCmecIII/t388/coaVI (3 isolates), and CC8/ST8-SCCmecIV/t008/coaIII (1 isolate). Conclusions: Our results indicated that S. aureus isolated from patients with chronic otitis media possesses a unique molecular profile with a high percentage of resistance to multiple medications. These findings suggest that resuming the molecular analysis to improve the control and prevention of ear infections related to S. aureus is necessary.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139246615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality and Outcomes of Patients Infected with Extensively Drug-Resistant Bacteria Admitted to Intensive Care Units","authors":"H. Salimizand, G. Lotfi, S. Afrasiabian, Katayoun Hajibagheri, A. Babahajian, S. Mohammadi","doi":"10.5812/archcid-132030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-132030","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in intensive care units (ICU) makes treatment of these infections very difficult. Objectives: This study aimed to survey the resistance phenotype, risk factors, and possible treatment options for hospital-acquired infections (HAI) at ICUs in a referral university hospital. Methods: Samples were prepared from ICU patients with HAIs. Pathogens were isolated, and the resistance phenotype, prescribed antibiotics, mortality rate, associated risk factors, and clonal relationship of the isolates were assessed. Results: From 100 patients admitted to ICUs, 76 (76%) showed clinical symptoms of HAIs. The most common sources of infection were lung secretions (51.8%). The isolated bacteria were Gram-negative (77, 90.6%) and Gram-positive (9.4%). The most common isolated microorganism was the Acinetobacter baumannii complex (63.5%). The most effective antimicrobials were colistin (96.1%) and linezolid (100%) for Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates, respectively. An extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype was documented in all isolates of A. baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens. The XDR phenotype was a significant risk factor only for mortality. A. baumannii had the highest mortality rate (66.6%) among all the isolates. While A. baumannii strains had limited diversity, the other species were highly divergent. Conclusions: The results revealed a high mortality rate for Gram-negative isolates, especially in adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC). The high genetic similarities of ABC strains might be an indication of neglecting infection control prevention. The use of cotrimoxazole and colistin instead of carbapenems can be promising for mortality reduction in the studied ICUs.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44418455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Severity of Lung Damage on Chest X-ray Between New Drug-Resistant and Drug-Sensitive Cases of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients","authors":"S. Soedarsono, Alvian Fauzi, A. Widyoningroem, N. Mertaniasih","doi":"10.5812/archcid-137113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-137113","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Drug-resistant (DR) pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is often associated with morbidity and mortality compared to drug-susceptible (DS) pulmonary TB. The infectiveness and pathological destruction of DR TB and DS TB strains are still controversial. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the severity of lung damage between new cases of DR and DS pulmonary TB. Methods: This was an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional retrospective design. The sample was selected from the medical records of eligible TB patients treated at RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya (Indonesia) from January 2018 to November 2022. The severity of lung damage was assessed based on the chest X-ray. Results: A total of 319 patients, consisting of 187 new cases of DS pulmonary TB and 132 new cases of DR pulmonary TB, were recruited. The patients had a mean age of 43.64 years old, and 59.5% of them were male. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus. The severity of DS pulmonary TB was higher in the severe category (77%), while the severity of DR pulmonary TB was higher in the mild-moderate category (51.5%). Conclusions: There was a difference in lung damage on chest X-ray between new cases of DS and DR pulmonary TB. The severity of DS pulmonary TB was higher in the severe category, while the severity of DR pulmonary TB was higher in the mild-moderate category.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42810914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between COVID-19 Severity and Olfactory Disturbance","authors":"M. Ghazizadeh, M. Maleki, B. Barati, Maliheh Mohseni Ashjerdi","doi":"10.5812/archcid-137477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-137477","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There is little information about prognostic factors in patients with COVID-19. One of the aspects of SARS-CoV-2 involvement is the sudden loss of smell, called anosmia. Objectives: This study assessed the association between COVID-19 severity and olfactory disturbance. Methods: This cohort study was performed at Taleghani Hospital of Iran from March 2021 to March 2022. Patients with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19, according to a positive PCR test or chest CT scan, entered the study. Data on demographic information, past medical history, severity of COVID-19, olfactory disturbance at the time of hospitalization, and the course of the disease were gathered. Data were analyzed using Stata version 14 software. Results: A total of 390 patients entered the study. According to the multiple logistic regression analysis, patients with severe and critical COVID-19 were less likely to develop olfactory disturbance (OR = 0.5, P-value = 0.035, 95%CI = 0.2-0.9). Also, obesity was a statistically significant negative predictor of developing olfactory disturbance in patients with COVID-19 (OR = 0.4, P-value = 0.043, 95%CI = 0.1 – 0.9). Diabetes mellitus was a statistically significant positive predictor of developing olfactory disturbance (OR = 3.3, P-value = 0.029, 95%CI = 1.1 – 9.9). Conclusions: Patients with severe and critical COVID-19 were less likely to develop anosmia. These patients had lower serum cytokines and presented with milder disease. The severity of olfactory disturbance could be a prognostic factor in COVID-19. It is important to closely monitor patients who exhibit mild olfactory disturbance because they are at risk of more severe COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46321739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on Long COVID-19","authors":"M. Mardani","doi":"10.5812/archcid-139747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-139747","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p />","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45746287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal for Clinical Classification of Cutaneous Manifestations in Covid-19 and in Post Vaccination Against Sars-Cov-2: An Observational Study","authors":"R. R. L. Rostey, Cor J. Fernandes Fontes","doi":"10.5812/archcid-137498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-137498","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This is a clinical evaluation of patients with the incident, acute, or related cutaneous manifestations associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and/or vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Objectives: We aimed to propose a classification of dermatological manifestations related to either COVID-19 or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: In an observational descriptive study, a classification of cutaneous manifestations is proposed based on groups of etiological hypotheses, which came from a systematic characterization and record of the observed skin lesions of patients who were evaluated personally and via teleconsultation from July 2020 to July 2022 in two reference dermatology services located in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Results: A total of 108 patients were included. Eighty-six patients (79.6%) had incident, acute, or COVID-19-related skin manifestations, 15 (13.9%) had dermatological lesions exclusively after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, and seven (6.5%) %) had cutaneous manifestations related to both COVID-19 and the vaccine. A total of 143 different dermatological manifestations were diagnosed, for which different etiological hypotheses were established based on the clinical and evolutionary characteristics of the lesion, the use of concomitant medications, and the temporal link with COVID-19 and/or the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The observed skin manifestations were classified as peri-infectious and post-infectious immune-inflammatory reactions related to COVID-19 (62.2%); exacerbation, by COVID-19, of pre-existing skin diseases in the patient (4.2%); skin manifestations resulting from the socio-sanitary context of the pandemic (2.1%); adverse drug reactions from the treatment of COVID-19 (14%); and adverse skin reactions from SARS-CoV-2 vaccines (17.5%). Conclusions: The proposed clinical classification may assist physicians who are faced with dermatological lesions associated with COVID-19 or after active immunization against SARS-CoV-2.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44609225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Management of Chronic Migraine with Botulinum Toxin: A Case Series","authors":"Delara Hazegh Fetratjoo, E. Jafari, M. Togha","doi":"10.5812/archcid-135039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-135039","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Headache worsening has been previously reported following the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. However, COVID vaccination's influence on managing chronic migraine (CM) with botulinum toxin is yet to be studied. Case Presentation: In this case series, we present five cases of CM, who had responded to abobotulinum toxin type A (BTX-A), but their number of headache days increased after COVID vaccination. Conclusions: In the case of vaccination with COVID vaccines, during the first month of administering botulinum toxin for the management of CM, there might be a decrease in the efficacy of botulinum toxin, which should be explained to the patients. The authors suggest that physicians postpone the administration of BTX-A for chronic migraine management to a later time at their discretion.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44578447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Pulmonary Bullae: Evidence from a Bicentric-Center, Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"S. Rafieian, R. Ershadi, M. Fattahi, F. Ghiasvand, Samira Mirzae, Sara Ghaderkhani, M. Vahedi","doi":"10.5812/archcid-133736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-133736","url":null,"abstract":"Background: More than 87% of patients with COVID-19 have at least one resistant symptom after recovery, and bullous disease may be as a one of these resistant conditions. Methods: This bicentric cross-sectional study examined hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 and pulmonary bullous disease from July 2021 to February 2022 in two hospitals. A radiologist reviewed all patients' chest CT scans for the presence of bullae or cysts. Results: In this study, 34 COVID-19 patients with lung bullae were identified. The majority of bullae were small or medium-sized and located in the left or right lung, with 20.6% being bilateral. Most patients had a single bulla. The mortality rate was 29.4%, with an average survival time of 13 days for deceased patients. Increased age, smoking, respiratory comorbidities, intubation, and bilateral bullae were associated with lower survival time. However, no significant association was found between survival time and sex, size, or number of bullae. Findings provide important insights into the clinical implications of COVID-19 and lung bullae. Conclusions: Recognizing the coexistence of COVID-19 and pulmonary bullous disease is crucial as bilateral bullae were associated with lower survival time. Further research is needed to determine the relationship between COVID-19 and lung bullae.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46190992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Retrospective Study on the Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) COVID-19 Vaccine Short-Term Efficacy and Side Effects in Iranian Healthcare Providers","authors":"F. Safarnezhad Tameshkel, Shabnam Abedin Dargoush, Manizheh Goudarzi, A. Tabibzadeh, Ali Ghiaseddin, M. Ranjbar, Yousef Alomohamadi, F. Zamani, Aysan Vaez, N. Rahimian, Mahin Jamshidi Makiani, Farshad Divsalar, E. Gholizadeh, M. H. Karbalaie Niya","doi":"10.5812/archcid-133173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-133173","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Gam-COVID-Vac (Sputnik V) COVID-19 vaccine is one of the approved vaccines which has been used in Iran. Objectives: In the present retrospective study, we evaluated the short-term efficacy and side effects of the Sputnik V vaccine against COVID-19 in Iranian healthcare providers. Methods: Healthcare workers referred to Firoozgar Hospital affiliated with the Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, between March 2021 and December 2021 were assessed. Humoral immunity was evaluated against S-RBD IgG of SARS-CoV2 after Sputnik V vaccination at three phases, including days 60 (phase I), 120 (phase II), and 210 (phase III) by an anti-S RBD IgG ELISA kit. Vaccine recipients were divided into two groups based on the history of SARS-CoV2 infection. The vaccine side effects were obtained from each participant after the first and second doses. Results: A total of 65 vaccine recipients (41.5% male (27/65)) with a mean age of 35 ± 8.5 years were enrolled, of whom 41.5% had a history of COVID-19 infection. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were significantly higher in vaccine recipients compared to those without a history of COVID-19 infection a month (4 vs. 6.6), three months (4.5 vs. 7.2), and six months (3.8 vs. 5.9) after vaccination (P = 0.001). Our study had 18 patients (27.7%) with vaccination breakthroughs. Conclusions: Sputnik V seems to induce high antibody levels after the second dose; however, protective antibodies declined six months after the second dose. A booster dose is highly recommended for at-risk individuals.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42917229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 Vaccines on the Prevention and Severity of Omicron Strain in Liver Transplant Patient","authors":"M. Aliakbarian, Sajad Sahab-Negah, M. Shabestari, Kambiz Akhavan Rezayat, Farahzad Jabbari Azad, M. Salari, S. Amel Jamehdar, S. Hoseini, Ebrahim Bidi, Mehrsa Vahdatinia, Negin Amirsheibani, Shakiba Najjar Khalil Abad, Mahdi Salimi Far, M. Mirzadeh, Rozita Khodashahi","doi":"10.5812/archcid-136709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5812/archcid-136709","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Because it is still not possible to accurately determine whether the injected vaccines affect the disease incidence and mortality or not in the newly diagnosed strains, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of injected Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines on the mortality rate among liver transplant patients infected with COVID-19 in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on liver transplant patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 referred to Montaseriyeh Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, from December 2021 to March 2022. The relationship between mortality due to Omicron strain was assessed with various variables. Results: In general, 97 liver transplant recipients were entered into the present study. Vaccine failure was reported in 43.5% of liver recipients. About 30% of the patients had not received any COVID-19 vaccination, and 2.9%, 40%, and 27.1% had received one, two, and three dosages of COVID-19 vaccination, respectively. Infection with COVID-19 was the cause of mortality in 11.3% of patients. No significant relationship was reported between mortality and the consumption of immunosuppressive agents (P > 0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that the number of received vaccine dosages was predictive of mortality due to infection with the Omicron variant in liver recipients (β = 0.13; P < 0.005). Conclusions: It was found that mortality due to COVID-19 vaccination was higher among the patients with fewer COVID-19 vaccination dosages and, consequently, could be related to vaccine-induced immunity in liver transplant recipients. However, due to the high vaccine failure rate, it seems that neutralizing antibody activity against Omicron variants is high.","PeriodicalId":51793,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44036335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}