Indian journal of medical ethics最新文献_第2页

Humanitarian forensics: Advancing justice, accountability, and human rights. 人道主义法医：促进正义、问责制和人权。

Indian journal of medical ethics Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2026.019

Abubakar Muhammad Sunusi, Ummusalma Salisu Mohammed, Anamika Das, Gaurav Kumar Singh

{"title":"Humanitarian forensics: Advancing justice, accountability, and human rights.","authors":"Abubakar Muhammad Sunusi, Ummusalma Salisu Mohammed, Anamika Das, Gaurav Kumar Singh","doi":"10.20529/IJME.2026.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20529/IJME.2026.019","url":null,"abstract":"Humanitarian forensics is an expanding multidisciplinary field that uses forensic science to support humanitarian operations in post-conflict, catastrophe, and human-rights contexts. This commentary underscores the pivotal importance of forensic methodologies in the identification of victims, investigation of human rights violations, and pursuit of justice and accountability in mass atrocities and war crimes. It also elucidates, with examples, the significance of forensic methodologies in disaster victim identification, international tribunal prosecutions, and providing resolution to families of missing persons. The evolution of humanitarian forensics is examined, from initial applications during World War II to the establishment of protocols by international organisations. Suggestions are offered for improving forensic capability, interdisciplinary cooperation, and incorporating developing technologies. Ethical and logistical issues, including cultural sensitivity, data management, and the balancing of legal and humanitarian goals are examined. Humanitarian forensics plays a vital role in upholding international humanitarian law and advancing peace, justice, and healing after major global disasters.","PeriodicalId":517372,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical ethics","volume":"XI 3","pages":"229-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Steering medicines towards patient safety: Challenges and possible solutions. 引导药物走向患者安全：挑战和可能的解决方案。

Indian journal of medical ethics Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2025.090

Premila M Wilfred, Jaya Ranjalkar, Sujith J Chandy

引用次数: 0

Diagnostic and laboratory referrals: Balancing clinical judgement, ethics, and patient autonomy. 诊断和实验室转诊：平衡临床判断、伦理和患者自主权。

Indian journal of medical ethics Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2026.018

Dharmendra Kumar Gupta

引用次数: 0

Navigating educational barriers: Bridging the gaps in forensic medicine and medical jurisprudence within Ayurveda studies in India. 导航教育障碍：弥合印度阿育吠陀研究中法医学和医学法理学的差距。

Indian journal of medical ethics Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2026.036

Aakriti Sharma, N K Mishra, Shobha K Bhat

{"title":"Navigating educational barriers: Bridging the gaps in forensic medicine and medical jurisprudence within Ayurveda studies in India.","authors":"Aakriti Sharma, N K Mishra, Shobha K Bhat","doi":"10.20529/IJME.2026.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20529/IJME.2026.036","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery (BAMS) curriculum was revised by the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine in 2021-22. The updated syllabus now provides for extensive theoretical knowledge and skill development in forensic medicine (Agada Tantra evam Vidhi Vaidyaka), comparable with the MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) programme. This paper critically analyses these rigorous curricular reforms and argues that further steps are needed to provide practical training opportunities to Ayurveda students in line with those available to their MBBS counterparts in forensic medicine.Methods: This study employs a non-empirical methodology, analysing the existing literature, curriculum frameworks, and professional guidelines to evaluate the current state of forensic medicine education within Ayurveda.Results: The findings reveal significant gaps in the opportunities for practical training and regulatory restrictions for Ayurveda practitioners, which hinder them from effectively engaging with medico-legal issues in the clinical practice of forensic medicine.Conclusion: Comprehensive practical training and interdisciplinary collaboration are crucial for bridging the gap between practitioners of Ayurveda and those of modern medicine. This would not only enhance the professional capabilities of Ayurveda practitioners but also contribute to an integrated and equitable healthcare system.","PeriodicalId":517372,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical ethics","volume":"XI 3","pages":"188-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Responsible researchers and reviewers: Ethics of Good Clinical Practice silver jubilee workshop report. 负责任的研究人员和审稿人：良好临床实践伦理银禧研讨会报告。

Indian journal of medical ethics Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2026.035

D Savitha, Mathangi Krishnakumar, Prem Pais, Jagdish Chinnappa, Johnson Pradeep, Jyothi Idiculla, Manjulika Vaz, C K Nisha, Kavitha Rajarathna, Nancy Angeline, Mary Joseph, Jayanthi Savio, Karuna Ramesh Kumar

{"title":"Responsible researchers and reviewers: Ethics of Good Clinical Practice silver jubilee workshop report.","authors":"D Savitha, Mathangi Krishnakumar, Prem Pais, Jagdish Chinnappa, Johnson Pradeep, Jyothi Idiculla, Manjulika Vaz, C K Nisha, Kavitha Rajarathna, Nancy Angeline, Mary Joseph, Jayanthi Savio, Karuna Ramesh Kumar","doi":"10.20529/IJME.2026.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20529/IJME.2026.035","url":null,"abstract":"Ethics education in biomedical research in India is frequently limited to regulatory compliance, with inadequate emphasis on ethical reasoning, contextual vulnerability, and deliberative review processes. As part of the Silver Jubilee of the Institutional Ethics Committee of St John's Medical College Hospital, a one-day preconference workshop titled \"Responsible Researchers and Reviewers: Ethics of Good Clinical Practice\" was conducted during the 13th International Conference of Ethics Education. The workshop employed case-based, interdisciplinary discussions focusing on vulnerability, ethics committee accreditation, and ethical review of diverse study designs. Key gaps identified included difficulties in operationalising vulnerability, managing surrogate consent in critical care research, inconsistent ethics committee monitoring practices, and limited faculty preparedness for ethics pedagogy. The discussions revealed a need to move beyond knowledge transmission towards reflective, skills-based ethics education.","PeriodicalId":517372,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical ethics","volume":"XI 3","pages":"245-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The plight of orphaned or abandoned embryos. 孤儿或被遗弃的胚胎的困境。

Indian journal of medical ethics Pub Date : 2026-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2025.091

Sowbarnika Arunkumar, Puvithra Thanikachalam, Radha Pandiyan, Pandiyan Natrajan, Eli Adashi

引用次数: 0

Genetic discrimination in India: Constitutional challenges and ethical implications. 印度的基因歧视：宪法挑战和伦理影响。

Indian journal of medical ethics Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2026.021

Akash Akash, Shuvro Prosun Sarker

{"title":"Genetic discrimination in India: Constitutional challenges and ethical implications.","authors":"Akash Akash, Shuvro Prosun Sarker","doi":"10.20529/IJME.2026.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20529/IJME.2026.021","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This paper examines the emerging challenge of genetic discrimination (GD) in India, through constitutional, judicial, and ethical perspectives. GD is a critical issue driven by increasing accessibility to genetic testing and insufficient legal safeguards against misuse.Methods: The study adopts a qualitative research design grounded in doctrinal analysis involving the interpretation of legal texts, case law, and principles, to investigate the emerging challenge of GD in India.Results: The analysis interprets Articles 14 and 15 of India's Constitution as foundational protections against discrimination and bias, despite their lack of explicit mention of genetic grounds. Judicial decisions, including United India Insurance Co v Jai Parkash Tayal (2018), have highlighted inequitable insurance practices based on genetic conditions, prompting a broader constitutional dialogue on equality and non-discrimination. However, existing ethical guidelines from bodies like the Indian Council for Medical Research (ICMR) and the Biotech-PRIDE guidelines of the Department of Biotechnology, alongside data protection laws such as the 2023 Digital Personal Data Protection Act, prove inadequate in comprehensively safeguarding sensitive genetic information.Conclusion: Robust legislative reforms, enhanced data governance, judicial capacity-building, and public awareness initiatives are necessary to foster a more inclusive legal ecosystem. It underscores the ongoing need for empirical and comparative research to fully comprehend the scope of GD in India and formulate context-sensitive policy responses. Ultimately, harmonising genomic advancements with India's constitutional values is essential to upholding individual dignity and ensuring substantive equality.","PeriodicalId":517372,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical ethics","volume":"XI 3","pages":"179-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149019058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Challenges of dealing with migrant brick kiln workers. 处理流动砖窑工人的挑战。

Indian journal of medical ethics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2025.098

Shahana Singh

引用次数: 0

An expanded framework for understanding corruption in healthcare. 扩大了解医疗保健腐败的框架。

Indian journal of medical ethics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2026.025

Prachinkumar Ghodajkar, Ritu Priya

{"title":"An expanded framework for understanding corruption in healthcare.","authors":"Prachinkumar Ghodajkar, Ritu Priya","doi":"10.20529/IJME.2026.025","DOIUrl":"10.20529/IJME.2026.025","url":null,"abstract":"Corruption in healthcare is ubiquitous across countries but differs in extent and nature based on the socio-political context and historical development of their health service systems. We review various approaches to defining and analysing corruption and examine their application to the health sector. Commonly adopted measures of corruption based on these frameworks, by covering certain actions and excluding others, tend to highlight poor countries as being more corrupt. These frameworks are largely ahistorical, and lack a systems approach, and consequently, miss institutionalised forms and types of corruption at higher levels between and within countries. The failure of anticorruption efforts makes it necessary to interrogate and understand the nature of corruption, its forms, types, and measurement, through a lens that can lead to effectively addressing the phenomenon from the perspective of low-and-middle income countries. We propose an expanded framework for understanding the systemic pathways of corruption, across the multiple levels and actors in the health system. We then discuss its relevance to low-and-middle-income countries, with a specific focus on India. We argue that historical socio-political structures, with a colonial hangover and elite dominance, legitimising only one health knowledge system (conventional biomedicine) and its medical professionals, have led to a healthcare system design which is unaffordable, unsustainable, unregulated and alienated from the majority of the population even while it creates a dependency on biomedical experts and institutions. The medical industrial complex ‒ the network of providers and industries in healthcare ‒ prioritises profit over health benefits, and contributes to escalating corruption in the healthcare sector, thereby pushing inappropriate solutions and policy choices. Such an ecosystem is fertile ground for corruption as it results in huge unmet needs and unreasonable expectations from the health services, underpaid health workers, weak regulatory structures, and poor accountability.","PeriodicalId":517372,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical ethics","volume":"XI 2","pages":"108-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148159942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Withdrawal of care at end of life: Ethical and legal perspectives. 生命终结时撤销护理：伦理和法律观点。

Indian journal of medical ethics Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.20529/IJME.2026.026

Olinda Timms, Nikhil Govind

{"title":"Withdrawal of care at end of life: Ethical and legal perspectives.","authors":"Olinda Timms, Nikhil Govind","doi":"10.20529/IJME.2026.026","DOIUrl":"10.20529/IJME.2026.026","url":null,"abstract":"The Supreme Court (SC) of India's judgment on March 11, 2026, in Harish Rana vs Union of India brought greater clarity on the complex issue of end-of-life decisions; specifically on withdrawal of care from persons in a \"permanent vegetative state\" [1]. In an earlier landmark judgment in Aruna Shanbaug vs Union of India in 2011, the Court had allowed petitions in favour of \"withholding or withdrawal of life support\" to allow \"a dignified death\", in very rare cases, following specific procedures outlined in that judgment [2]. In 2018, in Common Cause vs Union of India, the SC recognised the \"right to die with dignity\" as an extension of the fundamental \"right to live with dignity\" under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Patients who were terminally ill could refuse futile or burdensome treatment and could register Advance Directives, against unnecessary suffering caused by such treatment [3]. That judgment detailed the decision-making process to be followed for withdrawal of treatment, in order to protect vulnerable patients and prevent misuse. These procedural steps were later simplified by the SC in 2023 into what is termed \"Common Cause Guidelines 2023\" [4].","PeriodicalId":517372,"journal":{"name":"Indian journal of medical ethics","volume":"XI 2","pages":"89-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148159961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0