Journal of Agriculture and Environment最新文献

{"title":"Effects of sheep manure, plant population and nitrogen levels on growth and fresh fruit yield of chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescence l.) at Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"R.A. Yahaya, L. Aliyu, E.C. Odion, B.A. Babaji","doi":"10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted between 2004 and 2006 at the Institute for Agricultural Research Farm, Samaru Zaria in the Northern guinea savannah ecological zone of Nigeria, to study the response of chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescence L.) to sheep manure, plant population and nitrogen levels. Treatments evaluated consisted of four levels of sheep manure rates (0 t, 5 t, 10 t, and15 t ha-1), three plant populations (22,222; 44,444; and 66,666 plants ha1) and four rates of Nitrogen (0kg,60kg 120kg and 180 kg N ha1). The treatments were laid out in a split plot design and replicated three times.  Result showed that application of sheep manure produced about significant increase in number of branches by 80%, similarly number of fruits increased by more than 600% and fresh fruit yields (Kg ha-1) recorded 57% increase over the control. Plant population was observed to significantly increase in the number of fruits per plant with 22,222 and 44,444plant/ha recording similar values, but higher number of fruits produced per plant than 66,666 plants ha-1 However, fresh fruit yield of Chilli pepper was not significantly influenced by plant population. The use of 120kgN ha1 resulted in increased number of   branches, fruit per plant and fresh fruit yields by 57 and 60% respectively over non fertilized plants.  Application of sheep manure at 10 t ha1, +44,444plants ha and 120kgN ha could be recommended for the production of chilli pepper under rain fed condition in Northern Guinea savannah.","PeriodicalId":517354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment","volume":"258 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140457732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wildlife harvesting from the Afaka Forest Reserve, Kaduna, Nigeria: The prosperity–posterity crossroad","authors":"E.Y. Zaman, Y.E. Oloyede, G.I. Otiwa, B.O. Adaaja, E.U. Raji","doi":"10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.17","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the harvesting of wildlife from the Afaka Forest Reserve from the standpoint of economic benefits and sustainability. The data for this study were collected using questionnaire and interview in 2017 from eight communities around the Afaka Forest Reserve, Kaduna State, Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling approach was adopted to collect data from 134 respondents who harvest wildlife from the Reserve. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, and Gini Index analysis.  The findings revealed that wildlife incomes from animals like rabbits, porcupines, bats, and monitor lizards contributed 18.41% of total incomes of communities living around the Afaka Forest Reserve in Kaduna State in 2015. Sixty-one percent of the respondents harvested wildlife at least once in a week. Gross margin was highest in porcupine harvesting (N26, 872.73) while the highest return per Naira invested (N8.02) accrued to harvesting of insects. The average gross margin was N10, 610.86 while average return on investment was N2.35. Wildlife income had a reducing effect on income inequality as the marginal effect of wildlife income on Gini index of total income was -0.0883 meaning a 10% increase in wildlife incomes reduces inequality by about 0.9%. The study recommends that wildlife harvesting regulations which curb indiscriminate harvesting should be enforced alongside continuous sensitization of communities on the importance of sustainable harvesting practices towards a balanced prosperity-posterity equation.","PeriodicalId":517354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment","volume":"24 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139964274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil quality dynamics and degradation potentials as influenced by land use systems in humid tropical soil of Southeastern, Nigeria","authors":"F.U. Nwogu, B. Nwajiobi, A.N. Ogbonna, E.A. Ubuoh","doi":"10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.25","url":null,"abstract":"An assessment of the effects of land use systems on soil quality dynamics and soil degradation potentials in Umuahia, Southeastern Nigeria was done in this study. Samples of soil were taken between 0 and 15 and between 15 and 30 cm. from coconut plantation (SSP1), palm plantation (SSP2), pineapple orchard (SSP3) and waste dump site (SSP4).  The result revealed sand to be the dominant soil fraction in decreasing abundance: Waste dumpsite (WD)≥ Pineapple Orchard (PO) ≥ Coconut Plantation (CP)≥ Oil Palm Plantation (OPP), followed by silt :WD  ≥ CP≥ PO ≥ OPP and clay: OPP≥CP≥PO≥WD. Land use systems recorded serious negative effects on soil physicochemical properties, with soil pH ranging  between 3.43-7.20, waste dumpsite having neutral and others having less than 6.5-8.5 as  the critical limit. The mean values of potentially toxic elements in soils as regard land use systems: Ni, Mn, Fe, Cr, Zn, Pb and Cu were all above the critical limits rendering the soil polluted. The effects of Land-use systems on biochemical indicators of soil degradation ranged from None to slightly (1) -Very highly degraded soils (4), with organic matter (OM) as biological indicator dominating the index. The effect of land use systems on soil degradation was in decreasing trend: WD > CP >OPP> PO constituting 32.5%, 26.7%, 20.8% and 20% respectively. Integrated waste management (IWM) and smart farming techniques should be encouraged for soil quality improvement.","PeriodicalId":517354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139964380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the use of snags and downed logs by wild animals in Federal College of Wildlife Management, New-Bussa, Nigeria","authors":"U.I. Fingesi","doi":"10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.18","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the uses of snags and downed logs in the Federal College of Wildlife Management, New Bussa. The research aimed to identify the kinds of trees that produce snags and deadwood logs in the study region as well as the ways that wild animals utilize these snags and deadwood logs in the study area. The methodology employed involves the use of plot sampling method. Field observation of plant species that have turned into dead trees was carried out. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics (tables and charts). The results showed that a significant number of plant species were identified as snags and down logs; the finding indicates that Terminelia glaucocens having (12.5%) occurrence and Pterocarpus erinaceus (10.71) was the predominant species in the study area. These dead trees species are used by wild animals in a variety of ways; for instance, 50% of wild animals use the snags and down logs for perching, 17.44% use them as foraging sites, and 4.65% use them as nesting sites. The most common users are squirrels, accounting for 13.95% of the total, followed by francolins birds (11.63%) and hawks (1.16%). Since many wildlife species rely on these trees to survive, it is imperative to protect these tree species inside the college estate to stop the extinction of wild animals. It is not advisable to remove snags.","PeriodicalId":517354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment","volume":"64 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-cultural determinants of timber marketing contribution to income of timber marketers in Bodija sawn wood market, Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"G.L. Alawode, S.O. Jimoh, T.V. Oluwajuwon, O.I. Daniel","doi":"10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Despite timber marketing’s income potential, income disparities exist among marketers in Bodija sawn wood market, and the impact of socio-cultural factors on income generation is unclear. This study was designed to assess socio-cultural determinants affecting income from timber marketing in Bodija sawn wood market. One hundred copies of structured questionnaire were administered randomly in five zones of the market to obtain information on the socio-cultural backgrounds and the contribution of timber trade to marketers’ income. The results revealed that 99.0% of the respondents were male, while females constituted only 1.00%. Seventy-five percent of the marketers had post-primary education, and 25% had primary education. Regarding marketing experience, 2% of the marketers had < 10 years, 26% had between 11 and 20 years, 57% had between 21 and 30 years, and 15.00% had >30 years. Income-wise, 58% of the respondents earned between ₦10,000 - ₦60,000, 31% earned between ₦60,001 and ₦110,000, while 11% earned from ₦110,001 up to above ₦160,000 per month. Chi-square test of association between the socio-cultural characteristics of the respondents and income generation at α = 0.05 showed ethnicity (0.001) and experience (0.009) significantly influenced income, while the level of education (0.101), age (0.122), and religion (0.745) had no significant impact. The study highlights the importance of experience in sawn wood marketing and its significant role as a determinant of the contribution of timber marketing marketers’ income in Bodija sawn wood market. Further recommendations are provided on strategies to improve the market performance, effectiveness, and livelihood contribution of timber marketing.","PeriodicalId":517354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment","volume":"99 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pituitary gland from spent and unspent female brood fish on the spawning performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)","authors":"M.Y. Abubakar, M.Y. Miftahu","doi":"10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Pitutary gland produces, accumulates and stores gonadotropic hormone which plays active role in ovulation as intermediary between central nervous system and gonads. However, information on the efficacy of pituitary gland from newly spent Clarias gariepinus for inducing ovulation is yet established. The effect of pituitary gland from spent and unspent female fish on the induced breeding performance of Clarias gariepinus was tested. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design (CRD). Nine (9) brood stock distributed into three treatments were used for the experiment (Treatment 1 was injected with 0.5ml synthetic hormone (Ovulin), Treatment 2 was injected with pituitary from already spent female fish and Treatment 3 was injected with pituitary from unspent fish) and each treatment was replicated three times. The result showed that Treatment 2 had the highest mean values for fecundity rate (122.92%) and was not significantly different from the other treatments. It also has higher value for fertilization rate (60.67%) and high stripping percentage but lower (P < 0.05) hatching rate (13.619) when compared with Treatment 1 which had the highest value for hatching rate (22.79%) followed by Treatment 2 (19.739%) with statistical similarity (P > 0.05). The present research demonstrated that C. gariepinus can successfully be induced to ovulate with pituitary from spent female fish, ensuring maximum use of brood fish and production of high-quality eggs and normal hatchlings.","PeriodicalId":517354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment","volume":"14 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of implementation of biosecurity measures and its impacts on Newcastle disease in some poultry farms and live bird markets in Sokoto State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Garba, H.U. Mungadi","doi":"10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"There is considerable global concern over the outbreaks of Newcastle disease (ND) affecting domestic poultry flocks around the world including Nigeria. There have been little investigations on the biosecurity measures taken by poultry stakeholders in relation to the rate of ND in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Thus, this study evaluated the biosecurity practices in commercial poultry farms and live bird markets in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Data were collected through questionnaire administered to commercial farmers, flock owners at live bird markets as well as other poultry value chain intermediaries. A traffic light system model was used to test for relative risks based on the biosecurity measures put in place at the farm and live bird markets. The result indicates that both commercial farms and live bird markets were at high risk (56.9% and 77.3% respectively) of ND virus infection. The high risk practices identified include unsafe disposal of poultry carcasses (50%), locating farms on high ways (75%), absence of high pressure sprayer at gate (100%), presence of water body (37.5%), raising different species of birds (25% for farms and 100% for live bird markets), presence of multi age groups (100%), feed spillage (100%), fly and rodent infestation (100%), lack of personal protective equipment (50% for farms and 100% for live bird markets), absence of changing room (87.5%), poor handling of sick birds (75% for farms and 100% for live bird markets), inadequate washing and disinfection of hands and equipment (100%). Using chi square, presence of fence, washing and disinfection of pen, washing and disinfection of equipment, always allowing visitors to enter farm, borrowing of equipment, sale of runt and sick birds, isolation of sick/new birds, culling of diseased birds, safe and clean store for feed, observing signs of ND in the last 3 months showed significant statistical difference (P<0.05) between live bird markets and poultry houses. Thus, that may contribute to the risk of environmental contamination and disease transmission. Outreach and biosecurity awareness raising initiatives should be specifically developed for all the poultry value chain stakeholders with the objective of improving general poultry management and thus preventing ND and other poultry diseases.","PeriodicalId":517354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139964373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of farmers’ multipurpose cooperative societies in Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"J.C. Ibe, T.C. Okoh, O.O. Osuafor","doi":"10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"There is pertinent need for group efforts (cooperation) among farmers for efficient utilisation of agricultural resources. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of farmers’ multipurpose cooperative societies in Enugu State, Nigeria. Primary data from 250 respondents were sampled. The objectives were to assess the performance of the farmers’ multipurpose cooperative societies (FMCSs); determine the factors that affect performance; and explore the constraints to effective performance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression model. Results showed that all the factors affecting cooperative society’s performance hypothesised in the model were statistically significant with access to credit and access to input being the most significant (P<0.01) and with marginal effects of 0.1743 and 0.1205 respectively. The result also showed that cooperative societies were able to secure loans, inputs, extension services, and organised an annual general meeting for their members. The result showed insufficient capital, inadequate credit, inexperienced managers and inadequate government assistance were serious constraints to cooperatives’ performances. It is recommended that cooperatives should increase their equity capital drive by up scaling their subscriptions and by reinvesting their surpluses. The government should intensify its pro-farmers’ cooperatives’ policies and programs.","PeriodicalId":517354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment","volume":"49 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and classification of soils of a paddy field in Badeggi, Niger State, Nigeria","authors":"A.A. Panti, Musa Audu, M. Yakubu, M. Bappah, A.K. Ibrahim, M. Sulaiman","doi":"10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.24","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted with the aim of characterizing and classifying the soils of a paddy field in Badeggi Katcha local Government Area of Niger State. Two pedons were dug representing upper and lower slopes of the field and were designated as Badeggi 1 and 2 (BDG1 and BDG2) respectively. The pedons were described on the field following the FAO guidelines for soil description. Soil samples were collected from each identified natural horizons and taken to the laboratory for analysis. Results revealed that BDG1 had greyish brown (10YR 5/2) at the topmost horizon and light brownish grey (10YR 6/2) at the subsoil, while BDG2 had light brownish grey (10YR 6/2) overlying light grey (10YR 7/2) at subsoil. Sand content ranged from 840 to 860 g/kg in BDG 1 and 690 to 830 g/kg in BDG 2, silt ranged from 50 to 70 g/kg in BDG 1 and 90 to 210 g/kg in BDG 2 and clay ranged from 90 to 100 g/kg in BDG 1 and 80 to 100 g/kg in BDG 2. Soils from the two pedons were moderately to slightly acidic, low in organic carbon and available phosphorus, while total nitrogen was rated low to medium and irregularly distributed down the two profiles, but exchangeable Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium and Sodium were high across the study area. Using the USDA soil taxonomy system, the soils were classified as Plinthic Petraquepts (BDG 1) and Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts (BDG 2) which corresponded to Petric Plinthosols (Abruptic) and Fluvic Cambisols (Eutric) respectively, under World Reference Base for Soil Classification (WRB). The study has revealed that BDG1 is moderately well-drained while BDG2 is imperfectly drained. The soils are moderate to slightly acid with low inherent fertility as evidenced by low organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorous. The soils were classified as Inceptisols at Soil Order level.","PeriodicalId":517354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment","volume":"51 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weed control and productivity of maize (Zea mays l.) interseeded with Jointvetch (Aeschynomene histrix Poir.) at different sowing arrangements","authors":"E. Daniya, A.B. Mohammed, C.C. Onyenuforo","doi":"10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/jagrenv.v19i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"The use of forage legume with cereals offers a potential for increasing food and forage production. Field study was conducted during the rainy seasons of 2015 and 2016 to determine the effect of interseeding Jointvetch (Aeschynomene histrix) at different sowing arrangements on weed control, growth and yield of maize. The treatments were one hoe weeding at 3 weeks after sowing (WAS) followed by (fb) one row of Jointvetch drilled by the side of the ridge at 3 WAS, one hoe weeding at 3 WAS fb two rows of Jointvetch drilled by the sides of the ridge at 3 WAS, one hoe weeding at 3 WAS fb one row of Jointvetch drilled within the furrow at 3 WAS, one hoe weeding at 3 WAS fb two rows of Jointvetch drilled within the furrow at 3 WAS, one hoe weeding at 3 WAS fb Jointvetch broadcast within the plot at 3 WAS, two hoe weeding at 3 and 6 WAS and a weedy check arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and replicated three times. Data collected on weed dry weight, plant height, cob length, cob diameter and grain yield were subjected analysis of variance (ANOVA) at P ≤ 0.05. Weed dry weight, plant height, cob length, cob diameter and grain yield were significantly (p≤0.05) influenced by Jointvetch arrangement. The magnitude of weed suppression was lowest in the plot with Jointvetch broadcast, which also produced taller plants, longer cobs, wider cobs and highest grain yield compared to the weedy check. Grain yield in plots interseeded with Jointvetch and two hoe weeding at (3 and 6 WAS) were comparable and higher than that in the weedy check. Our findings demonstrated that one hoe weeding at 3 WAS fb Jointvetch broadcast can reduce weed growth and increase grain yield of maize.","PeriodicalId":517354,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agriculture and Environment","volume":"17 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139964301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}