Regine Marguerite Abos, Simone Taffe, Jane Connory, Gamithri Gayana Karunasena, David Pearson
{"title":"Reducing food waste through persuasive communication design: how data visualisation principles reinforce behaviour change social marketing messages","authors":"Regine Marguerite Abos, Simone Taffe, Jane Connory, Gamithri Gayana Karunasena, David Pearson","doi":"10.1108/jsocm-07-2023-0156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-07-2023-0156","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This paper aims to demonstrate how the design of data visualisations can act as a tool to support social marketing messages in prompting behaviour change to reduce food waste using the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) as a theoretical framework. It also responds to a lack of consumer-led insight to develop campaigns in reducing food waste.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>The research uses data collected by the End Food Waste Cooperative Research Centre (EFW CRC) in Australia to determine which text-based campaign messages are most likely to prompt people toward reducing food waste. Behaviour change messages were first identified through workshops with 11 food waste experts, then explored through online focus group discussions with 18 participants from three food-wasting market segments. The messages were further tested via a quantitative survey among 1,000 decision makers in Australian households in their own homes, with the top three performing messages examined using summative content analysis.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The significant findings were that participants want to see 1) evidence of how adopting new behaviours would lead to financial savings and benefit the environment, and 2) concrete steps to reduce food waste. When examined through the ELM, the findings suggest that tools that encourage both cognitive and peripheral processing as a means of persuasion, like data visualisations, may be useful for changing food-wasting behaviours.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>Applying principles from the field of communication design to the ELM has uncovered the potential for a cross-disciplinary approach to enhance theoretical frameworks for understanding consumer engagement with messages. This process in turn, may lead to the development of more effective behaviour change marketing strategies.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>Six principles for using data visualisations in a social marketing campaign are proposed: personal relevance, ease of use, emotional storytelling, context, prioritising the message itself and long-term usage.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This study proposes that data visualisations could enhance the effectiveness of social marketing campaigns by leveraging consumer-derived insights and the persuasive capacity inherent in their theoretical underpinnings.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":51732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Marketing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142190140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recognising motivation in others: the effectiveness of using social proof to change driving behaviour","authors":"Tom Bowden-Green, Mario Vafeas","doi":"10.1108/jsocm-02-2024-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-02-2024-0045","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This paper aims to extend the literature on social proof by looking at the effectiveness of social proof on behaviour change for environmental benefit.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>The research is based on real case studies currently intended to encourage behaviour change among residents of a large UK city. An initial study assesses the motivation displayed within each case study. A second study then examines whether recipients recognise their own motivation in each case study.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Results indicate that participants did not recognise their own motivation in the case studies that were expected to be most similar to them, suggesting that recipients do not recognise “social proof” according to motivation. However, a relationship is observed between recipients’ gender and the gender of the case studies.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>Demographics appear to be a better basis for social proof than motivation. This paper recommends several future avenues for further exploration, including using case studies that represent a wider range of characteristics (such as demographics). The current range of stimulus materials is limited, as these are real materials currently being used in a large UK city.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>The results indicate that portraying motivation is not a good basis for using the social proof principle. Instead, social marketers ought to focus on representing similarity to the intended audience based on other characteristics such as gender.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The research contributes a new direction in this field, using Self-determination Theory to match social proof examples to recipients.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":51732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Marketing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141940850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing a local behaviour change intervention for increased biowaste sorting: a social marketing formative study","authors":"Laura Temmerman, Carina Veeckman","doi":"10.1108/jsocm-08-2023-0197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-08-2023-0197","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This paper aims to describe a case study of a formative study for the development of a social marketing campaign for increased biowaste sorting. In following the social marketing principles, it provides insights for practitioners willing to implement behaviour change interventions.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>The case study describes the scoping review, expert interviews, online survey and focus groups, which were integrated to comprehend the specificities of biowaste sorting in the South Suburbs of Athens. This mixed-method research design enabled a comprehensive understanding of biowaste sorting practices that would not have been attainable through a single method.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>This study found that the “descriptive norm” and “perceived controllability” significantly influenced biowaste sorting. Differential challenges of at-home and out-of-home sorting were also identified. The demand for more information was also highlighted. The tailored intervention comprises of a mix of behavioural modelling, persuasive communication, education and enablement.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>By concretely showcasing how the integration of multiple research methods through the application of social marketing principles can guide the design of a tailored behaviour change intervention, this paper offers an outline for informed decision-making and strategic planning in the realm of (environmental) behaviour change.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":51732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Marketing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141738381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Budi Setiawan, Purwanto Purwanto, Wipsar Siwi Dona Ikasari, Suryadi Suryadi
{"title":"An inclusive extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior for explaining household food leftover reduction intention among Gen Z","authors":"Budi Setiawan, Purwanto Purwanto, Wipsar Siwi Dona Ikasari, Suryadi Suryadi","doi":"10.1108/jsocm-09-2023-0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-09-2023-0210","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study aims to extend the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) with the Norm Activation Theory (NAT) and apply these two theories to explain Gen Z’s intention to reduce household food leftovers.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>Primary data were collected online from 386 respondents, selected through a convenience sampling technique from June to August 2023. Established indicators measured each construct adequately, and hypotheses were examined by using a structural equation model with robust maximum likelihood estimation.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Attitude toward behavior, perceived behavioral control and personal norms built by awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibility were proven to be able to form the intention to reduce household food leftovers. Extending the TPB with the NAT revealed that intention was built based on attitudinal belief, control belief and a feeling of moral obligation that activates personal norms.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Research limitations/implications</h3>\u0000<p>Respondent validity needs to be strengthened; injunctive and descriptive norms are still integrated, and the translation of intention into action is yet to be examined</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Practical implications</h3>\u0000<p>Social marketers boosted behavior change campaigns among Zoomers by emphasizing moral responsibility, promoting awareness and favorable behavioral beliefs through tailored messages and highlighting the ease of reducing household food leftovers.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>This study bridged existing research gaps by extending the TPB with the NAT in the context of household routine consumption practices. It offered valuable insights for promoting responsible consumption and reducing household food leftovers among the youth.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":51732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Marketing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141738349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What drives women to adopt menstrual cups? The integration of consumer values and theory of planned behaviour","authors":"Smriti Shukla, Rinku Sanjeev, Priyanka Sharma","doi":"10.1108/jsocm-08-2023-0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-08-2023-0175","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to investigate the influence of consumer value on women’s attitudes towards their intention to adopt menstrual cups. Drawing on consumer value theory, the research seeks to provide an empirical investigation of value-attitude-behaviour, an extant exploration of value concept in behaviour.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Data for this study was collected through survey questionnaires administered to 304 Indian women and analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The study’s finding indicate that emotional values (EVs) significantly predict women’s attitudes towards their intention to use menstrual cups. In addition, the desire for knowledge, price and quality considerations and awareness of the environmental impact were also found to influence women’s attitudes towards their behavioural intention to adopt menstrual cups.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000This study contributes valuable empirical evidence supporting the importance of consumer values in shaping attitudes and behavioural intentions towards menstrual cups in a social marketing context. By understanding the role of EVs, social marketers can design more effective campaigns to encourage the adoption of menstrual cups. Promoting the sustainable aspects of menstrual cups, such as reduced environmental wastage, can further facilitate behaviour change among women.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study demonstrates the value-attitude-behaviour framework, which has been a subject of very little research in the context of menstrual cup adoption in a developing country.\u0000","PeriodicalId":51732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Marketing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141643094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The relationship between feminist collective action and social media engagement","authors":"İrem Buran, Şenay Sabah, Akin Koçak","doi":"10.1108/jsocm-10-2022-0212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-10-2022-0212","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>This study aims to investigate the impact of online collective feminist actions on social media participation and the perceived value of social media as part of the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA).</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>A mixed methodology is used. Within the SIMCA model in the context of feminist collective actions, social identity, group-efficacy and fear predicted the intention of online collective action participation in the first part (quantitative) of the study. Contrary to predictions, the influence of anger on the intention to participate in collective action was negative. In-depth interviews are conducted in the study’s second (qualitative) part to investigate why individuals do not participate in collective actions despite their anger at violence against women.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>The concept of online feminist collective action, from the perspective of the SIMCA model, deals with violence against women in the context of social marketing, revealing the importance of online collective actions as an antecedent of social media participation and the perceived value of social media. The possible causes of the negative impact of anger, which is an important emotion within the framework of the SIMCA model, on online feminist collective action were determined, and a contribution was made to the social marketing literature in the context of women’s rights.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>The study makes three major contributions to the literature. First, women’s rights are addressed in the context of online collective action, an issue that has received little attention in social marketing. Second, in the context of the social identity theory of collective action, online collective feminist action and its predecessors are addressed. Finally, the Turkish case is used to highlight the probable causes of anger’s negative impact on collective action.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":51732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Marketing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141531361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taylor Jade Willmott, David Schmidtke, Sinead McLeod
{"title":"Editorial: Nothing about us without us: participatory design application in social marketing","authors":"Taylor Jade Willmott, David Schmidtke, Sinead McLeod","doi":"10.1108/jsocm-04-2024-281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-04-2024-281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Marketing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141005060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linda Brennan, David Micallef, E. L. Jenkins, L. Parker, Natalia Alessi
{"title":"Collective intelligence for fighting food waste: changing the way things are done with participatory design","authors":"Linda Brennan, David Micallef, E. L. Jenkins, L. Parker, Natalia Alessi","doi":"10.1108/jsocm-05-2023-0126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-05-2023-0126","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000This study aims to explore the use of a double diamond design method to engage the industry in a sector-wide response to the issues of food waste as constructed by consumers. This particular design method is achieved by an exploration of a collective intelligence-participatory design (CIPD) project to engage industry participants in understanding and responding to consumers’ perceptions of the role of packaging in reducing food waste.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Using the UK Design Council’s double diamond design method as a guiding conceptual principle, the project recruited industry participants from medium to large food businesses across various food categories. Two scoping workshops with industry were held prior to the initiation of a 12-stage project (n = 57), and then two industry workshops were held (n = 4 and 14). Eighty participants completed an online qualitative survey, and 23 industry participants took part in a Think Tank Sprint Series. The Think Tanks used participatory design approaches to understand barriers and opportunities for change within food industry sub-sectors and test the feasibility and acceptability of package designs to reduce consumer waste.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000For CIPD to work for complex problems involving industry, it is vital that stakeholders across macro- and micro-subsystems are involved and that adequate time is allowed to address that complexity. Using both the right tools for engagement and the involvement of the right mix of representatives across various sectors of industry is critical to reducing blame shift. The process of divergence and convergence allowed clear insight into the long-term multi-pronged approach needed for the complex problem.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Participatory design has been useful within various behaviour change settings. This paper has demonstrated the application of the double diamond model in a social marketing setting, adding value to an industry-wide project that included government, peak bodies, manufacturing and production and retailers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":51732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Marketing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140653966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carmen Valor, Carlos Martínez-de-Ibarreta, Isabel Carrero, Amparo Merino
{"title":"Effects of loving-kindness meditation on prosocial behavior: empirical and meta-analytic evidence","authors":"Carmen Valor, Carlos Martínez-de-Ibarreta, Isabel Carrero, Amparo Merino","doi":"10.1108/jsocm-05-2023-0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-05-2023-0110","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>Brief loving-kindness meditation (LKM) is introduced here as a valid social marketing intervention. LKM positively influences prosocial cognitions and affects. However, it remains unclear whether brief meditation interventions can influence prosocial behavior. This study aims to provide evidence of the effects of short LKM on prosocial behavior.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>This study reports the results of three experiments examining the effects of brief LKM on donations to unknown others. The results are then integrated with the results of seven other studies testing the effects of brief LKM on prosocial behavior using a meta-analysis (<em>n</em> = 683).</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>LKM increased love more than the control group (focused breathing) in the three experiments; however, its effects on donations were mixed. The meta-analysis shows that LKM has a small-to-medium significant effect compared to active control groups (<em>d</em> = 0.303); moreover, age and type of prosocial measure used moderate the effects.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Results suggest that LKM can nurture prosocial emotions such as love and lead young individuals to donate. However, these emotions may not be sufficient to lead adult meditators to share their resources with unknown others. This study presents the first meta-analysis of brief LKM and provides insights into the use of meditation in social marketing programs.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":51732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Marketing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140626219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid, iterative application of the co-create, build, engage (CBE) framework: development of Blurred Minds Vaping and the Environment module","authors":"Jackie Khan, Sharyn Rundle-Thiele","doi":"10.1108/jsocm-06-2023-0138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/jsocm-06-2023-0138","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Purpose</h3>\u0000<p>The number of young people using e-cigarettes (commonly referred to as vaping) has grown at an alarming rate, creating the need for urgent action. This paper demonstrates rapid step-by-step iterative application of the Co-create, Build and Engage (CBE) framework to showcase how marketing was applied in response to emerging trends that have negative health and environmental consequences. This paper aims to demonstrate how CBE is applied iteratively, ensuring student feedback leads module development.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Design/methodology/approach</h3>\u0000<p>In Study 1, a pure seven-step co-design implementation, 19 high school students were invited to co-design a vaping prevention approach that would work for them and other people like them. During the sensitisation phase of co-design, students completed one Blurred Minds Vaping module. Feedback grids were provided, with students identifying likes, dislikes and ideas. This likeability data was used, together with input from technical experts and pedagogical best practice, in a 12-week research and development project that aimed to develop a new online learning module focused on vaping and their environmental impacts for the Blurred Minds Academy. The new module was tested with 20 high school students. Feedback grids were provided once again, allowing a comparison of results.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Findings</h3>\u0000<p>Examination of feedback grid data demonstrates that the newly developed Vaping and the Environment module was improved. Considerations taken on board in the new module design (e.g. increased variability within the module) overcame criticisms expressed previously (e.g. it was boring and too long). Other criticisms remained evident, albeit at a much lower proportion suggesting the new Vaping and the Environment module, and future Blurred Minds module development, would benefit from iterative CBE application.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->\u0000<h3>Originality/value</h3>\u0000<p>Conduit <em>et al.</em> (2022) note that marketing academia has been criticised for having an increasingly less relevant managerial agenda. This paper outlines a rapid step-by-step application of marketing in response to one of society’s most pressing health challenges – vaping. The iterative application of CBE is outlined, demonstrating that the student experience can be enhanced when marketing’s continual improvement mindset is used. This is the first vaping prevention programme that has included substantive information around the negative impacts of vaping on the environment.</p><!--/ Abstract__block -->","PeriodicalId":51732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social Marketing","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140590308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}