International Journal of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computing最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing Investment Strategies: A Case Study on JPMorgan Chase & Co. Stock Options Using the Black-Scholes Model and What-If Analysis in Excel","authors":"Adeliya Fernanda, Najmah Rizqya Maliha Putri","doi":"10.46336/ijmsc.v2i1.63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46336/ijmsc.v2i1.63","url":null,"abstract":"This research focuses on applying the Black-Scholes Model to evaluate European options on JPMorgan Chase & Co. stocks. This model has been a critical foundation in evaluating financial instruments, especially options, since its development in 1973 by Fisher Black, Myron Scholes, and Robert Merton. The study utilizes secondary data from some sources to obtain current information regarding stock prices, strike prices, expiration time, volatility, and relevant risk-free interest rates for option valuation as of December 19, 2023. Through this approach, our aim is to gain a better understanding of how the Black-Scholes Model is used as a framework in determining option prices for these stocks. The research methodology involves What-If analysis, exploring variations in key variables such as current stock price, strike price, expiration time, stock price volatility, and risk-free interest rates to assess how these changes affect the prices of both call and put options. Additionally, the study presents graphs representing stock prices, strike prices, interest rates, time, and volatility to visually support the research findings. The analysis results reveal that the prices of both call and put options are highly responsive to changing market conditions. An increase in the current stock price tends to raise the call option price while reducing the put option price. Conversely, an increase in the strike price has the opposite effect. Moreover, variations in the risk-free interest rates influence the option prices, with rising rates increasing the call option price and decreasing the put option price. Furthermore, as the expiration time approaches or stock price volatility increases, both call and put option prices tend to rise. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the dynamics of JPMorgan Chase & Co.'s stock option pricing, offering a foundation for investors to make informed and adaptable investment decisions amid constantly evolving financial markets. Sensitivity to changes in key variables is an essential aspect to consider in designing effective investment strategies in the face of ever-changing financial markets.","PeriodicalId":517271,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computing","volume":"30 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Implementation of Roy's Safety-First Criterion in Stock Portfolio Selection","authors":"Moh. Alfi Amal, Grida Saktian Laksito, Ibrahim Mohammed Sulaiman","doi":"10.46336/ijmsc.v2i1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46336/ijmsc.v2i1.64","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical data shows that the Indonesian capital market has experienced significant growth. This growth is attributed to public awareness of the benefits of stock investments. However, with an increasing number of new investors entering the stock market, attention to investment risks deepens. Many investors prefer stocks that are easily predictable and have low risk, as higher volatility increases the level of uncertainty in obtaining returns. The relatively high risk level in investing requires investors to minimize risks, one of which is by diversifying funds into various investment assets, commonly known as optimal portfolio selection. An optimal portfolio can be formed using various methods and approaches. One method for portfolio selection is the application of the Safety First Criterion, a method dependent on downside risk, referring to risks that result in losses. This article conducts a simulation of the implementation of Roy's Safety First Criterion using stock data from the largest companies in eleven sectors over the past year. These sectors include basic materials, communication services, consumer cyclical, consumer defensive, energy, financial services, healthcare, real estate, technology, and utilities. Based on this analysis, out of the eleven stocks, six stocks meet Roy's criteria: LIN, GOOG, AMZN, BRK-B, LLY, and AAPL, with respective weights of LIN=10.84%, GOOG=12.61%, AMZN=24.67%, BRK-B=1.37%, LLY=34.17%, and AAPL=16.35%. Using Roy's Safety First Criterion for selected stocks from various sectors indicates that the resulting portfolio has a very low risk level, specifically 1%. This means that by using the portfolio obtained from the eleven stocks, investors can achieve minimal risk, making this portfolio secure for new investors.","PeriodicalId":517271,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computing","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiobjective Optimization of Stock Portofolio","authors":"Rini Cahyandari, Susan Kamelia, Volodymyr Rusyn","doi":"10.46336/ijmsc.v2i1.65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46336/ijmsc.v2i1.65","url":null,"abstract":"Diversification is a method used to reduce risks by allocating several financial, industrial, and other instruments. Investors might need to use this method to allocate their companies’ funding as efficient as they should be. Mean variance portfolio is a diversification theory designated for investors who are aware of potential risks. On the other hand, multi-objective portfolio optimization is another theory that suits for investors who are more unaware, or choose to neglect potential business risks. Multi-objective optimization can boost source of income and minimize the risks while utilizing k weighting coefficient as risk aversion index. This research aims to form an optimal portfolio from each perspective of selected investors using multi-objective optimization, as well as to analyze the benefits and risks that the investors will have. Samples used in this research are sharia stocks actively involved in Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) and non-sharia stocks which are actively involved in LQ-45 from January 2013 to January 2018.","PeriodicalId":517271,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computing","volume":"22 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139896847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the LQ45 Stock portfolio using Piecewise Linear Function: A Case Study from an Investor's Point of View","authors":"Chusnul Chatimah Azis, R. H. Kankarofi, Ibrahim Mohammed Sulaiman","doi":"10.46336/ijmsc.v2i1.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46336/ijmsc.v2i1.61","url":null,"abstract":"In optimization problem solving, both linear and nonlinear approaches can be used, with nonlinear programming considering constraints or not. One effective method of nonlinear programming is the Piecewise Linear approach, which breaks down complex nonlinear functions into straight-line segments to make their solution easier. This method can be applied in the financial sphere, such as in stock investment. This study discusses the application of piecewise linear function in optimizing investment portfolios in Bank Jago Tbk. (ARTO), Barito Pacific Tbk. (BRPT), and Go To Gojek Tokopedia Tbk. (GOTO) stocks. The purpose of this study is to provide insight that Piecewise Linear can provide optimal solutions in managing investment portfolios by calculating the risks and returns of selected stocks. The results showed a risk with a level  as big as 0.01, the expected profit from the investment of the three stocks in the calculation period reached Rp 1,803,109. On the other hand, for investors who are more cautious and have a Level  as big as 1, the anticipated profit in the same investment is around Rp 1,275,052.","PeriodicalId":517271,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computing","volume":"1218 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139893841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Implementation of Roy's Safety-First Criterion in Stock Portfolio Selection","authors":"Moh. Alfi Amal, Grida Saktian Laksito, Ibrahim Mohammed Sulaiman","doi":"10.46336/ijmsc.v2i1.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46336/ijmsc.v2i1.64","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical data shows that the Indonesian capital market has experienced significant growth. This growth is attributed to public awareness of the benefits of stock investments. However, with an increasing number of new investors entering the stock market, attention to investment risks deepens. Many investors prefer stocks that are easily predictable and have low risk, as higher volatility increases the level of uncertainty in obtaining returns. The relatively high risk level in investing requires investors to minimize risks, one of which is by diversifying funds into various investment assets, commonly known as optimal portfolio selection. An optimal portfolio can be formed using various methods and approaches. One method for portfolio selection is the application of the Safety First Criterion, a method dependent on downside risk, referring to risks that result in losses. This article conducts a simulation of the implementation of Roy's Safety First Criterion using stock data from the largest companies in eleven sectors over the past year. These sectors include basic materials, communication services, consumer cyclical, consumer defensive, energy, financial services, healthcare, real estate, technology, and utilities. Based on this analysis, out of the eleven stocks, six stocks meet Roy's criteria: LIN, GOOG, AMZN, BRK-B, LLY, and AAPL, with respective weights of LIN=10.84%, GOOG=12.61%, AMZN=24.67%, BRK-B=1.37%, LLY=34.17%, and AAPL=16.35%. Using Roy's Safety First Criterion for selected stocks from various sectors indicates that the resulting portfolio has a very low risk level, specifically 1%. This means that by using the portfolio obtained from the eleven stocks, investors can achieve minimal risk, making this portfolio secure for new investors.","PeriodicalId":517271,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computing","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}