Discover Applied Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Optimized artificial neural networks for breast cancer diagnosis prediction","authors":"Surbhi Gupta, Saurabh Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s42452-025-07727-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07727-2","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality in females. A significant amount of research work has been carried out in breast cancer detection. Recent studies have proposed that early detection of breast cancer helps to improve the survival rate. The current research aims to detect Breast Cancer using Artificial Intelligence-based prediction models. In this research, we have explored the performance of the ANN model and highlighted the significance of hyperparameter Optimization of the ANN model. The model has been Optimized using three renowned optimization methods: Bayesian Optimization, Grid search Optimization, and Genetic Optimization on the Wisconsin dataset. The dataset explored in the study is a benchmark dataset publicly available in the UCI and Kaggle repositories. The experimental analysis includes data preprocessing strategies such as label encoding and data standardisation. The results clearly show that Genetic Optimization has attained 96.8% accuracy, 94% AUC-ROC score, 96.9% F1-Score, and 92.87% MCC Score and outperformed Bayesian and Grid-Search Optimization techniques. All the models were validated using 10-fold cross-validation. Also, it is noteworthy that the model’s performance greatly depends on the hyperparameters (learning rate) used to train the model, as the model performed best with a learning rate of 0.1 and the fewest prediction outcomes at a slow learning rate (0.0001). Furthermore, we present 95% confidence intervals for key metrics to validate the robustness of the model. Current research asserts the significance of Optimization techniques for attaining higher prediction outcomes. This research presents an empirical overview and promotes the dominance of AI-driven prediction models in clinical decision-making. This study stresses on deployment of such models in real-world settings.","PeriodicalId":517252,"journal":{"name":"Discover Applied Sciences","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42452-025-07727-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective laser melted tantalum three-column porous screw: a novel design achieving both mechanical stability and biological fixation","authors":"Di Wu, Zuofa Yan, Bing Ge, Yujin Dong, Jiajun Zhao, Bin Wu, Fang Cao, Haiyao Wang, Zhijie Ma, Junlei Li, Dewei Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s42452-025-07422-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07422-2","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to develop a personalized tantalum-based three-column porous screw (TTCPS) using selective laser melting technology to improve the osseointegration, mechanical stability, and biocompatibility of fracture fixation screws with porous architecture. TTCPS with an interconnected porous structure was customized through computer-aided design and fabricated using selective laser melting technique. Its mechanical properties were assessed via torsional resistance testing. Biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of TTCPS were evaluated on MC3T3-E1 cells by in vitro cell tests, including Live/Dead staining, scanning electron microscopy, alkaline phosphatase activity assays, and alizarin red staining. In vivo osseointegration capability of TTCPS was investigated using a comminuted fracture model in New Zealand white rabbits, with histological staining and mechanical pull-out tests that performed at 1, 2, and 3 months post-surgery. TTCPS demonstrated a torsional resistance of 2.83 ± 0.07 N·m, which is comparable to conventional high-strength titanium-based alloys (P > 0.05). In vitro experiments revealed high cell viability, pseudopod adhesion, and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on TTCPS, alongside enhanced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. In vivo studies showed progressive osseointegration, with pull-out forces of 123.6 ± 6.6 N, 370.6 ± 19.3 N, and 578.6 ± 21.3 N at 1, 2, and 3 months post-surgery, respectively. With its unique three-column structure, TTCPS improved primary stability and encouraged host bone ingrowth into its porous architecture, resulting in excellent osseointegration. This design overcomes clinical issues associated with traditional screws, such as screw fracture and bone defects. By integrating customized geometric optimization with biomimetic porous features, TTCPS provides a novel approach to fracture fixation, potentially transforming clinical management through enhanced biomechanical performance and biological integration.","PeriodicalId":517252,"journal":{"name":"Discover Applied Sciences","volume":"7 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42452-025-07422-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and biocompatibility of a 3D-printed porous Ti-25Ta alloy scaffold","authors":"Di Wu, Yada Li, Wangwei Zhu, Haolin Jiao, Bing Ge, Qinwen Xie, Jianfeng Xu, Weidan Wang, Fang Cao, Guangxiao Yin, Junlei Li, Dewei Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s42452-025-07367-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07367-6","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, a porous Ti-25Ta alloy scaffold was fabricated using additive manufacturing(AM) and compared with pure Ti to evaluate its biocompatibility and osteogenic potential. The scaffolds were fabricated using a Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion process, followed by investigations of physical properties, in vitro cytocompatibility, osteogenesis, macrophage polarization, and in vivo bone reconstruction. Pure Ti exhibits the highest wettability, cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, mineralized nodule formation, anti-inflammatory capability, and bone reconstruction. The adoption of Ta in the Ti-25Ta alloy significantly increases its wettability, osteogenesis, and anti-inflammatory without a great increase in density. In summary, the Ti-25Ta alloy has a favorable balance of physical properties and biological performance, making it a promising candidate as a bone implant material. Developing a new type of 3D-printed titanium-tantalum alloy implant with an elastic modulus closer to that of natural bone. The material promotes the growth of bone cells, and its osteogenic efficiency is higher than that of traditional titanium metals. The porous structure design effectively reduces the stress shielding effect and has broad prospects for clinical application.","PeriodicalId":517252,"journal":{"name":"Discover Applied Sciences","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42452-025-07367-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147896550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-GBM based minority oversampling model using biomedical data analysis for breast cancer classification","authors":"Mukesh Soni, Mohammed Wasim Bhatt, Paul Ofori-Amanfo","doi":"10.1007/s42452-025-07390-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07390-7","url":null,"abstract":"The yearly incidence of breast cancer, which is already among the highest of all cancers, is steadily rising. Without surgical biopsy, predicting the benign or malignant nature of tumors by analyzing various indicators of cell nuclei can effectively assist doctors in diagnosis and reduce patients’ suffering. Research continuously shows that LightGBM hybrid models outperform conventional classifiers in terms of accuracy. With improvements in accuracy, speed, and efficiency, LightGBM-based hybrid models frequently outperform baseline or standard classifiers. A model for the identification of breast cancer based on the lightweight gradient boosting machine (GBM) algorithm. To address the problem of skewed diagnostic data for breast cancer, the Borderline-SMOTE method is used. In the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), piecewise linear chaotic map (PWLCM), novel inertia weights, and a new longitudinal-lateral crossover algorithm are introduced for improvement, followed by the application of the improved SSA algorithm for automatic parameter optimization of Light-GBM. Due to Light-GBM’s sensitivity to noise, an OVR-Jacobian regularization method is proposed for denoising. It improved ensemble model strength and successively used for breast cancer diagnosis. The suggested ensemble model achieves better performance than standard models in terms of mean square error, according to the experimental data, determination coefficient, and cross-validation score, demonstrating its better diagnostic performance. This study suggests a novel SSA improved by multiple means to optimize the parameters of the Light-GBM model, reducing parameter search time and improving the overall model accuracy. This paper introduces a new OVR-Jacobian regularization method to eliminate the sensitivity of the original proposed model to noise and the problem of uncontrollable complexity. This method effectively prevents overfitting and balances the model between complexity and diagnostic performance.","PeriodicalId":517252,"journal":{"name":"Discover Applied Sciences","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42452-025-07390-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147905561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adsorption behavior and structural transformation mechanism of ZIF-8 material on iodine vapor with varying particle sizes","authors":"Tian Lan, Xiaofan Ding, Songtao Xiao, Zhongwei Yuan, Taihong Yan, Qi Chen, Tianchi Li, Weifang Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s42452-025-07300-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07300-x","url":null,"abstract":"Developing effective iodine capture technologies is critical for both nuclear safety and environmental protection. This study investigates the iodine adsorption properties of ZIF-8, a metal–organic framework (MOF). ZIF-8 samples with varying particle sizes (∼50 nm, 90 nm, 150 nm, and 8 μm) were synthesized and tested for iodine vapor adsorption at 80 °C. Iodine uptake continuously increased with time, reaching ~ 3500 mg/g after 24 h without reaching equilibrium, with no significant dependence on particle size. Structural changes in ZIF-8 were observed, as iodine accumulation led to the breakdown of the framework into an amorphous gel-like substance, representing a previously unreported phase transformation. SEM and XRD characterization confirmed the collapse of the crystalline structure after iodine loading. These results indicate that iodine adsorption in ZIF-8 involves strong chemisorption in addition to physical uptake, causing irreversible framework transformations. This work highlights the influence of particle size and provides important insights for using ZIF-8 in effective radioactive iodine capture.","PeriodicalId":517252,"journal":{"name":"Discover Applied Sciences","volume":"7 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42452-025-07300-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147901369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geospatial techniques-based analysis of the flood risk vulnerability of Arba Minch City in Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Ashenafi Tilahun Hailie, Kenate Worku Tabor, Abera Uncha Utalo, Abren Gelaw Mekonnen","doi":"10.1007/s42452-025-06848-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06848-y","url":null,"abstract":"Flood hazard has resulted in the loss of thousands of lives and large-scale damage to properties. This study has explored, analyzed, and categorized the flood hazard and risk levels of Arba Minch City in South Ethiopia by integrating geospatial and Analytical Hierarchy Process techniques. Data were acquired from DEM with 12.5 m resolution, Landsat 8 OLI, ortho-rectified, and surveyed data from the Municipality. Slope, Elevation, Rainfall, Aspect, Curvature, Topographic Wetness Index, Topographic Roughness Index, Drainage Density, Distance from River, Soil Types, Land Use Land Cover, and Population Density parameters were used. Standard classification criteria were set based on literature and experts’ judgment. Data were rasterized, resampled, and reclassified into five classes through the natural break method and readjustment. The flood hazard map was produced using the weighted overlay technique with hazard levels of low (7.39%), moderate (56.13%), and high (36.48%). Whereas, very low and very high remained nil. The flood risk levels were produced ascendingly as 2.4%, 17.3%, 17%, 44%, and 19.4%, respectively. The validity of the model was confirmed by the ROC-AUC Value of 0.923 being fitted with flood damage sites of Shara, Limat, Airport, Agriculture Research Center, Konso Sefer, Ashewamado, Gurba, and Arba Minch University campuses. Slope, elevation, rainfall, aspect and curvature were the top priority flood hazard parameters. The hazard map, population density, and land use land cover inputs have significant weights for flood risks. Thus, the study findings urge that the stakeholders should take integrated and consistent flood risk reduction and management measures.","PeriodicalId":517252,"journal":{"name":"Discover Applied Sciences","volume":"7 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42452-025-06848-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147906941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-hydroxysuccinimidyl derivatization reagents, friends or foes? From synthesis to derivatization of amino compounds and their analysis using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry","authors":"Ernesto de Jesus Zapata Flores, Nguyễn Kim Ngân Bùi, Sigrid Selberg, Ivo Leito, Koit Herodes","doi":"10.1007/s42452-025-06554-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06554-9","url":null,"abstract":"N-Hydroxysuccinimidyl (NHS) esters are widely employed in peptide coupling; however, their behavior in derivatization for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis differs from the synthesis point of view. This work evaluated the performance of NHS derivatization reagents for amino compounds using liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS); later, their E/Z photoisomerization was studied. These reagents were azobenzene-based carbamates (AzoA and AzoB), or esters (AzoC and AzoD), fluorescent NHS-esters incorporating Coumarin and Pyrene moieties. It was observed that NHS-esters are susceptible to different side reactions (alkaline hydrolysis, alcoholysis, and transesterification), which later affect their performance, especially if the goal is to analyze β-Alanine (β-Ala). To highlight this potential pitfall for analytical chemists, the extent of these side reactions was studied in different conditions: e.g., the base used, aqueous borate buffer or tertiary amines if the reaction is carried out at room temperature or 50 °C, and with or without alcohol. It was found that, in contrast to NHS-esters, NHS-carbamates are free from β-Ala interfering (confirmed with first-time synthesized carbamate AzoA). Furthermore, the study explored replacing the NHS group in AzoD ester (commercially known as Dabcyl-OSu, Dabcyl-SE or Dabcyl-NHS) with 1-hydroxybenzotriazolyl leaving group, creating AzoD-OBt. The LC–ESI–MS/MS study shows that the AzoD-OBt reagent can overcome the side reaction of NHS-ester, which would benefit the derivatization yield toward the analytes.","PeriodicalId":517252,"journal":{"name":"Discover Applied Sciences","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42452-025-06554-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147904135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Multiclass skin lesion classification using deep learning networks optimal information fusion","authors":"Muhammad Attique Khan, Ameer Hamza, Mohammad Shabaz, Seifeine Kadry, Saddaf Rubab, Muhammad Bilal, Muhammad Akbar, Suresh Manic Kesavan","doi":"10.1007/s42452-025-06466-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06466-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":517252,"journal":{"name":"Discover Applied Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42452-025-06466-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147904612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Dynamic spectrum resource allocations in wireless senor networks for improving packet transmission","authors":"Mohammed Wasim Bhatt, Evans Asenso","doi":"10.1007/s42452-024-06416-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-06416-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":517252,"journal":{"name":"Discover Applied Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42452-024-06416-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147889942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical study of a novel inbuilt helical ridge small-caliber graft for artery bypass surgery","authors":"Ye Wu, Ming Liu, Qi Li, Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s42452-024-06266-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-06266-6","url":null,"abstract":"Small-caliber (≤ 6 mm) vascular grafts are commonly used to treat vascular diseases, yet intimal hyperplasia at the distal end-to-side anastomosis remains a significant complication with long-term use. Helical flow has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications effectively. Integrating helical flow through an inbuilt helical ridge in vascular grafts is intended to improve hemodynamic performance and mitigate issues such as flow-induced thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia. However, inadequate helical flow strength may limit its effectiveness. This study proposes a novel design for an inbuilt helical ridge in small-caliber grafts to achieve enhanced helical flow. Two novel small-caliber vascular grafts with variable-pitch helical ridges, incorporating both decreasing and increasing pitches, were designed. Their effectiveness was assessed through numerical simulations and in vitro experiments to evaluate their performance in arterial graft applications. The small-caliber vascular grafts incorporating variable-pitch helical ridges significantly improved helical flow structure and distribution, optimized wall shear stress distribution, and reduced platelet adhesion compared to conventional and constant-pitch helical ridge grafts. Among the various new designs, the small-caliber vascular graft featuring decreasing variable-pitch helical ridges has demonstrated better performance. This design is well-suited for small-caliber bypass surgeries, as it is effective in improving hemodynamic performance by improving helical flow into asymmetric structures and increasing helical flow density distribution.","PeriodicalId":517252,"journal":{"name":"Discover Applied Sciences","volume":"6 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42452-024-06266-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147922454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}