{"title":"Acoustic-Based Drone Detection Using Neural Networks – A Comprehensive Analysis","authors":"W. Paszkowski, Akadiusz Gola, A. Świć","doi":"10.12913/22998624/175863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/175863","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents and describes the implementation of research on the detection of a drone in an urban environ - ment using of the sound features. The methods of drone detection were recognized on the basis of modeling and evaluation of the features of the audio and acoustic signal. The authors proposed the use of a neural network model for the needs of drone detection taking into account acoustic measurements in an anechoic chamber and in an urban environment. The final part presents the obtained results of the drone detection. For the purposes of detection, a neural network model was used in order to recognize the obtained images of the spectograms of sound sources.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139893696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Influence of the Hot Working Tool Steel Substrate Material on the Element Distribution, Microstructure and Hardness of Gas Metal Arc Welding Hardfaced Layers","authors":"M. Lachowicz, Paweł Sokołowski, Marcin Kaszuba","doi":"10.12913/22998624/181188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/181188","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of gas metal arc welding (GMAW) hardfacing testing performed on three grades of hot working tool steels, namely: 55NiCrMoV7, X37CrMoV5-1 and modified X38CrMoV5-3 grade. Metal - lographic investigations, mainly microstructural ones, were carried out and hardness profiles were analyzed. The chemical composition was investigated in each individual layer of the hardfaced deposits and the substrate material, in order to obtain a profile representation. The obtained results of profilometric evaluation of the chemical composition showed clear differences in the content of basic and alloying elements in the subsequent weld layers. The diversity of the chemical composition of the substrate material caused that the uniform chemical composition for all tested materials was achieved only in the third, upper weld layer. Despite the variable content of alloying elements and carbon, as well as slight differences in microstructure occurring for individual weld layers, a sub - stantially stable and high hardness was maintained over the entire cross-section of the obtained hardfaced coatings. In the area of the heat-affected zone (HAZ), a decrease in hardness was observed, which is associated with the decomposition of the high-temperature tempered martensite and the spheroidization of the microstructure.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"49 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139893735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Grabowski, Marcin Małek, Reza Teimouri, S. Skoczypiec
{"title":"Effect of Cutting-Edge Geometry on the Machinability of 316L Austenitic Steel","authors":"M. Grabowski, Marcin Małek, Reza Teimouri, S. Skoczypiec","doi":"10.12913/22998624/177031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/177031","url":null,"abstract":"The paper focuses on the problem of selecting the correct tool geometry in high-speed milling of 316L stainless steel. Carbide milling cutters with two configurations of helix angle (40/42 degrees for tool#1 and 35/38 degrees for tool#2) with different cutting edge radiuses r n (i.e. 4 µm, 6 µm, 8 µm, 10 µm and 12 µm) were prepared and their impact on cutting force and roughness were analyzed. The obtained results revealed that the small changes in cutting edge radius r n have a significant effect on both cutting forces and surface roughness.In this context, irrespective to the type of the tool, increasing the cutting edge radius results in further cutting force. However, increasing the cutting edge radius shows different behavior on roughness while using different tool helix angles. For the tool#1, it was found that the surface roughness increases by increasing the cutting edge radius from 6 μm to 12 μm; while in the samples machined by tool #2, increase in cutting edge radius results in reduction of rough - ness. It was also found that irrespective to the values of cutting edge radius, the cutting force while using tool #1 is slightly less than the tool#2. In addition, the induced milling surface roughness of the samples machined by tool#2 is significantly less than the tool#1 where the mean value of Ra was reduced from 2.55 µm to 0.35 µm.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"89 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Awtoniuk, R. Sałat, Miłosz Worwa, Volodymyr Reshetiuk
{"title":"Implementation of PID Autotuning Procedure Based on Doublet-Pulse Method in PLC Controller","authors":"M. Awtoniuk, R. Sałat, Miłosz Worwa, Volodymyr Reshetiuk","doi":"10.12913/22998624/176832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/176832","url":null,"abstract":"We combined the Doublet-Pulse method with the Approximate M-constrained Integral Gain Optimisation tuning rules and implemented this combination as a stand-alone autotuning procedure in Siemens S7-1200 PLC controller. The procedure was tested for three types of simulated plant models. The simulated models were diverse in terms of dynamics, as we used lag-dominated, balanced, and delay-dominated models. We compared the doublet-pulse method with the classical identification method in the form of step response, i.e. method of moments. We conducted tests for three scenarios, i.e., a step change in the set point, set point trajectory tracking and load disturbances. To assess the control quality, we used integral index IAE. The described method is universal and can also be implemented in controllers from other manufacturers.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139896777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surface Roughness Prediction in the Hardened Steel Ball-End Milling by Using the Artificial Neural Networks and Taguchi Method","authors":"Andrzej Matras","doi":"10.12913/22998624/177328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/177328","url":null,"abstract":"the","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"85 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Gancarczyk, Robert Albrecht, Małgorzata Kawalec, B. Kościelniak, Andrzej Gradzik, D. Szeliga, A. Kawalec, W. Ziaja, M. Motyka
{"title":"The Effect of Re Content on Microstructure and Creep Resistance of Single Crystal Castings Made of Nickel-Based Superalloys","authors":"K. Gancarczyk, Robert Albrecht, Małgorzata Kawalec, B. Kościelniak, Andrzej Gradzik, D. Szeliga, A. Kawalec, W. Ziaja, M. Motyka","doi":"10.12913/22998624/178463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/178463","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the effect of crystal structure perfection on the creep resistance of single crystal superalloys. The CMSX-4 and CMSX-4 ® Plus with increased Re content is analyzed. Single crystal rods are made by directional so - lidification process at the withdrawal rates 3 and 5 mm/min. The evaluation of microstructure and crystal structure perfection are carried out by light microscopy and X-ray diffraction Ω-scan methods. Creep tests are performed according to ASTM E-139-11 standard at the temperature of 982 °C. Mathematical models for the creep resistance of the models are developed for both investigated superalloys. The influence of the crystal structure on the the in - vestigated superalloys are built and the steady state creep rates are determined. Creep strength of both superalloys are compared. The results show that the CMSX-4 ® Plus nickel superalloy exhibits nearly two times higher creep resistance compared to the conventional CMSX-4 one.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Gancarczyk, Robert Albrecht, Małgorzata Kawalec, B. Kościelniak, Andrzej Gradzik, D. Szeliga, A. Kawalec, W. Ziaja, M. Motyka
{"title":"The Effect of Re Content on Microstructure and Creep Resistance of Single Crystal Castings Made of Nickel-Based Superalloys","authors":"K. Gancarczyk, Robert Albrecht, Małgorzata Kawalec, B. Kościelniak, Andrzej Gradzik, D. Szeliga, A. Kawalec, W. Ziaja, M. Motyka","doi":"10.12913/22998624/178463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/178463","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the effect of crystal structure perfection on the creep resistance of single crystal superalloys. The CMSX-4 and CMSX-4 ® Plus with increased Re content is analyzed. Single crystal rods are made by directional so - lidification process at the withdrawal rates 3 and 5 mm/min. The evaluation of microstructure and crystal structure perfection are carried out by light microscopy and X-ray diffraction Ω-scan methods. Creep tests are performed according to ASTM E-139-11 standard at the temperature of 982 °C. Mathematical models for the creep resistance of the models are developed for both investigated superalloys. The influence of the crystal structure on the the in - vestigated superalloys are built and the steady state creep rates are determined. Creep strength of both superalloys are compared. The results show that the CMSX-4 ® Plus nickel superalloy exhibits nearly two times higher creep resistance compared to the conventional CMSX-4 one.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"45 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Al-Maliki, Jasim H. Al-Bedhany, T. A. Mankhi, Stanisław Legutko
{"title":"Assessment of Nonhomogeneous Structures in Steel Contents in Terms of Fatigue Resistance Using Analytical Hierarchy Process","authors":"Ali Al-Maliki, Jasim H. Al-Bedhany, T. A. Mankhi, Stanisław Legutko","doi":"10.12913/22998624/182286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/182286","url":null,"abstract":"Fatigue resistance of steel containing non-metallic inclusions (NMIs) varies widely, depending on many criteria; therefore, finding the most compromised types of NMIs is a sober objective that may significantly reduce severe dam - age and premature failure in many applications, such as bearings, gears, transmission shafts, etc. The multiple criteria decision-making methodologies have been used in this study to assess the more effective NMI types using the ana - lytical hierarchy process by expert choice software. The five most common types of non-metallic inclusions selected are oxides, sulfides, carbides, silicates, and nitrides, based on different criteria: size, shape, distribution, mechanical properties, and quantity. The results showed that the oxide NMIs are the optimum type relative to the other four options regarding the fatigue resistance of about 35%, probably due to their spherical shape and small size. The most dominant criterion is mechanical properties, which have an effective percentage of 34.6% among the other criteria. It means that the reduction of other types rather than oxide NMIs probably enhances the fatigue resistance of the steel.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Awtoniuk, R. Sałat, Miłosz Worwa, Volodymyr Reshetiuk
{"title":"Implementation of PID Autotuning Procedure Based on Doublet-Pulse Method in PLC Controller","authors":"M. Awtoniuk, R. Sałat, Miłosz Worwa, Volodymyr Reshetiuk","doi":"10.12913/22998624/176832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/176832","url":null,"abstract":"We combined the Doublet-Pulse method with the Approximate M-constrained Integral Gain Optimisation tuning rules and implemented this combination as a stand-alone autotuning procedure in Siemens S7-1200 PLC controller. The procedure was tested for three types of simulated plant models. The simulated models were diverse in terms of dynamics, as we used lag-dominated, balanced, and delay-dominated models. We compared the doublet-pulse method with the classical identification method in the form of step response, i.e. method of moments. We conducted tests for three scenarios, i.e., a step change in the set point, set point trajectory tracking and load disturbances. To assess the control quality, we used integral index IAE. The described method is universal and can also be implemented in controllers from other manufacturers.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"15 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139893459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Friction on Buckling Behavior in Shallow Spherical to Hemispherical Shells in Contact with Rigid Boundaries under Uniform External Pressure","authors":"Xuan Cuong Nguyen, Yoshio Arai, W. Araki","doi":"10.12913/22998624/175377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/175377","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the influence of friction on the buckling behavior of thin, elastic, spherical shells under uniform external pressure. The study spans a range of geometric parameters, from shallow shells to hemispheres. Three different end-edge boundary conditions – clamped, hinged, and frictional ends – are considered across a wide range of friction coefficients using an axisymmetric model and nonlinear buckling analysis. The spherical shell becomes increasingly susceptible to buckling when the friction coefficient falls below the converged friction coefficient. A formula is developed to estimate this converged friction coefficient for each geometric parameter. Furthermore, a boundary separating the effects of friction on critical pressure into distinct regions is established, and equations predicting critical pressure within each region are provided. The study also finds that friction influences the buckling mode transition in the shells. Due to significant changes in the theta angle of the no-bending point with increasing geometric parameter and friction coefficient, buckling mode transitions occur at lower friction coefficients in wider spherical shells. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate interplay between geometric parameter, friction, and buckling behavior in shells. In practical applications, this study can be used to assess and enhance the safety and reliability of spherical shells.","PeriodicalId":517116,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139897275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}