Rural Planning Journal最新文献_第2页

Employees’ adherence to the National Code of Ethics and Conduct for Public Service: A Case of Four Selected Local Government Authorities 雇员遵守《国家公务员道德与行为守则》的情况：四个选定地方政府机构的案例

Rural Planning Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.64

Martin Tetti, Provident Dimoso, Berine R. Magaria

{"title":"Employees’ adherence to the National Code of Ethics and Conduct for Public Service: A Case of Four Selected Local Government Authorities","authors":"Martin Tetti, Provident Dimoso, Berine R. Magaria","doi":"10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.64","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000This paper aims to determine adherence to the national code of ethics and conduct (hereafter the code) by public employees in four selected Tanzania Local Government Authorities (LGAs). The study was a cross-sectional one that employed a sample size of 400 randomly selected respondents. Descriptive statistical analysis determined the level of adherence to the code. While Ordinal Logistic Regression analysed factors influencing adherence to the code, the correlation between the code and factors supporting its level of adherence was also determined. The findings showed that the code was highly adhered to in both rural and urban LGAs, although in some aspects the level of adherence was a bit higher in rural LGAs. Ordinal logistic regression showed that loyalty to the government and diligence were significant at the 5% level (0.05) of significance. Findings also indicated significant positive associations between the code and both individual values as well as the working environment (p < 0.01) in rural LGAs. It is concluded that disparities in some aspects of adherence to the code between rural and urban LGAs are due to existing diversified adherence enforcement mechanisms. It is recommended that the Ministry of Regional Administration and Local Government should monitor, oversee, and emphasize training, specifically training related to adherence to the code. LGA disciplinary committees should strengthen rewarding and punishing mechanisms against unethical behaviour, and public servants should take into consideration ethical variables while executing their daily operations.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":517114,"journal":{"name":"Rural Planning Journal","volume":"43 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determinants of Financial Inclusion among Women Petty Trader's in Dodoma City 多多马市女性小商贩金融包容性的决定因素

Rural Planning Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.37

Ester Ugulumu, Nestory Maguja, Oscar Mpasa

{"title":"Determinants of Financial Inclusion among Women Petty Trader's in Dodoma City","authors":"Ester Ugulumu, Nestory Maguja, Oscar Mpasa","doi":"10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.37","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the determinants of financial inclusion among women petty traders in Dodoma city. Specifically, the paper examines women petty traders’ status of using formal accounts, formal savings, formal credit, and mobile money accounts and socioeconomic determinants of financial inclusion. The paper employed a cross-sectional research design whereby structured and semi-structured interviews and documentary review methods were used for data collection. Non-probability sampling techniques were employed to select a sample of 200 women petty traders. Data analysis employed in this study included both inferential and descriptive analysis. The result of the study indicates that the majority of women petty traders use mobile money accounts, and use informal savings (save money at home, through VICCOBA/ person outside the home), also they lack enough money for opening/maintaining a formal account. The binary probit model result indicates that age, years of schooling, household size, marital status, lack of required documents, costs of financial service, and income are significant determinants of financial inclusion. Therefore, financial institutions should offer basic or low-fee accounts with a reduced/simplified documentation requirement. Government payment should be conducted through banks to promote savings in formal financial institutions and promote financial literacy, and data on financial inclusion among women petty traders should be collected and analyzed to promote the formulation of evidence-based policy","PeriodicalId":517114,"journal":{"name":"Rural Planning Journal","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139895139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship between Foreign Exchange Reserves and Economic Growth in Tanzania: Application of Wald Granger-Causality Test 坦桑尼亚外汇储备与经济增长之间的关系：沃尔德-格兰杰因果关系检验的应用

Rural Planning Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.19

Richard Jacob, Angel Magungu

{"title":"Relationship between Foreign Exchange Reserves and Economic Growth in Tanzania: Application of Wald Granger-Causality Test","authors":"Richard Jacob, Angel Magungu","doi":"10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000The study investigates the causal relationship between foreign exchange reserves and economic growth in Tanzania from 1990-2021. The study employed the Wald Granger-Causality Test to examine the causal relationship between variables. The results from the Wald Granger-Causality- Test revealed the unidirectional causal effect of economic growth on foreign exchange reserves. This implies that the value of economic growth can be used to predict the future value of foreign exchange reserves in Tanzania in the short and long run. In contrast, foreign exchange reserves cannot be used to predict the economic growth movement. Furthermore, findings indicated that foreign exchange reserves positively affect economic growth in the long run, implying that increasing foreign exchange reserves increases financial growth. Due to these findings, it can be concluded that foreign exchange reserves act as an integral catalyst for sustainable development in a country. Improving monetary policies and reserve management strategies would strike a balance between holding reserves and managing external debt. While reserves can be used to service debt and enhance creditworthiness, excessive reliance on reserves for debt servicing may deplete the buffer needed for crisis management. Policymakers must consider the country's specific circumstances and continually assess and adapt strategies to promote sustainable economic growth.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":517114,"journal":{"name":"Rural Planning Journal","volume":"40 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Corporate Income Tax on Economic Growth in Zanzibar 公司所得税对桑给巴尔经济增长的影响

Rural Planning Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.18

Richard Jacob, Rayyan Omar

{"title":"Impact of Corporate Income Tax on Economic Growth in Zanzibar","authors":"Richard Jacob, Rayyan Omar","doi":"10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the impact of corporate income tax on economic growth in Zanzibar from 1990 to 2021. The study employed Vector-Error Correction Model (VECM) to examine the long-run and short-run impact of corporate income tax on economic growth. On the other hand, Granger-Causality-Test was used to determine the causal relationship between the corporate income tax and Economic growth in Zanzibar. The study integrated variables such as corporate income tax, value-added tax, excise duty, and economic growth from the year 1990 to 2021. Data were obtained from the World Bank and TRA websites.\u0000The results revealed that, in the long run, corporate income tax had a significant positive effect on economic growth value. However, there was no short-run impact of corporate income tax on economic growth in Zanzibar during that period. The Granger causality test was employed to determine a causal relationship between corporate income tax and economic growth, and the results indicated a unidirectional causal effect from economic growth value to corporate income tax.\u0000Furthermore, the study recommends that Governments should consider reducing rates since lower tax rates can encourage investment, promote entrepreneurship, and stimulate economic activity. Potentially leading to high economic growth. Also, the government should engage in a complete re-organisation of the tax administrative machinery to reduce tolerable problems of tax evasion and avoidance.","PeriodicalId":517114,"journal":{"name":"Rural Planning Journal","volume":"169 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cost–Benefit Efficiency and Factors for Marketing Channel Choices among Avocado Farmers in Rungwe District, Tanzania 坦桑尼亚 Rungwe 地区牛油果果农的成本效益效率和营销渠道选择因素

Rural Planning Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.61

Hebron Nyamboga, Yohana James Mgale, Tumaini Rwela, Oscar Mpasa

{"title":"Cost–Benefit Efficiency and Factors for Marketing Channel Choices among Avocado Farmers in Rungwe District, Tanzania","authors":"Hebron Nyamboga, Yohana James Mgale, Tumaini Rwela, Oscar Mpasa","doi":"10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.61","url":null,"abstract":"Avocado farming has grown into a significant agricultural industry in the Rungwe District, significantly contributing to the local economy. Improving market access for avocado farmers is essential to raising rural incomes and enhancing their standard of living. This paper aims to determine the most efficient avocado marketing channels and analyse the factors affecting marketing channel choices by avocado farmers in the Rungwe District. The study involved 196 smallholder avocado farmers and key informants. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaire surveys, and documentary reviews. Findings showed that the main avocado marketing channels used by farmers in the Rungwe District were categorized into brokers (90.3%) and local traders (9.7%). The local traders’ marketing channel was more efficient, with a price spread (per kg) of TZS 400 and a farmer’s share in consumers’ price of 75%. In comparison, the brokers’ marketing channel had a price spread of TZS 1300 and a farmer’s share in the consumer’s price of 48%, though it had a higher net price received by farmers (TZS 1200) than local traders (TZS 500). Findings from the multiple binary regression analysis indicated that the education level of the household head, farming experience, household size, farm size, access to market information, price, quantity of avocado purchased, mode of payment, and access to extension services had a significant influence on the choice of marketing channel. The findings recommend expanding avocado marketing channels and strengthening avocado farmers’ access to market information, extension, and credit services.","PeriodicalId":517114,"journal":{"name":"Rural Planning Journal","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Estimations of Multidimensional Energy Poverty in Tanzania 坦桑尼亚多维能源贫困估算

Rural Planning Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.51

Geofrey Mhagama

{"title":"Estimations of Multidimensional Energy Poverty in Tanzania","authors":"Geofrey Mhagama","doi":"10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.51","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000This study assesses the level of multidimensional energy poverty in Tanzania. The study uses descriptive and inferential statistics based on data from the 2015-2016 Tanzania Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), as they provide the most comprehensive datasets for this analysis. The analysis revealed that 74.1% of households were in rural areas, while the remaining 25.9% were in urban areas. Moreover, the study found that 80.6% of household heads were considered multidimensionally energy-poor. For inferential statistics, the Alkire-Foster estimates found that 81.2% of households in Tanzania were multidimensionally energy-poor, with higher rates of energy poverty in rural areas (94.2%) and among female-headed households (84.0%). Moreover, the findings show that the dimension of modern fuel contributes the most to the Multidimensional Energy Poverty Index (MEPI) (43.6%) compared to the asset (17.9%) and education (38.5%) dimensions. The study recommends that Tanzania invest in expanding access to modern cooking fuels and electricity, improving asset ownership, and enhancing educational opportunities to address multidimensional energy poverty. We recommend that the government emphasize and focus on both renewable energy and energy efficiency development in the country by implementing energy initiatives based on National Energy Policy 2015 to increase access to modern energy services and share renewable energies in the electricity generation mix to enhance availability, reliability, and security of supply.\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":517114,"journal":{"name":"Rural Planning Journal","volume":"141 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determinants of Household Energy Use for Cooking in Tanzania 坦桑尼亚家庭烹饪能源使用的决定因素

Rural Planning Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.44

Geofrey Mhagama

{"title":"Determinants of Household Energy Use for Cooking in Tanzania","authors":"Geofrey Mhagama","doi":"10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.44","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000This article aims to examine determinants that influence the choice of energy fuel for cooking among households in Tanzania mainland. The study employed descriptive and inferential statistics to analyse data from the 2017/18 Tanzania Household Budget Survey. Regarding the main source of energy used for cooking descriptive statistics revealed that the majority (66.5%) of the households use firewood for cooking and 24.6% use charcoal while only 8.8% use other (non-biomass fuels). This indicates that the majority (91.1%) relies on traditional fuel(biomass) for Cooking in Tanzania. Based on Inferential statistics, the chi-square test found that all independent variables except Marital status and income variables were statistically significant predictors of the study dependent variable in Tanzania at a 5 per cent significant level. On the other hand, multinomial logistic model results showed that households with few members, younger heads, male-headed, not employed heads, heads having a higher level of education, located in urban and married heads were less likely to use firewood and charcoal as the main fuel type for cooking than the other types of energy such as electricity, kerosene, industrial gas, coal, generator, and solar. The researcher recommends the use of these findings in formulating appropriate policies to improve access to affordable modern energy to lessen the environmental and health impact of biomass energy use.\u0000Keywords: Households Traditional energy, Modern Energy fuel, Multinomial Logistic Model","PeriodicalId":517114,"journal":{"name":"Rural Planning Journal","volume":"36 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139894884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Factors Influencing Availability of Handwashing Facilities at Households in Tanzania 影响坦桑尼亚家庭洗手设施可用性的因素

Rural Planning Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.16

Nasra Mapoy

{"title":"Factors Influencing Availability of Handwashing Facilities at Households in Tanzania","authors":"Nasra Mapoy","doi":"10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59557/rpj.25.2.2023.16","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000The study aimed to determine factors influencing the availability of handwashing facilities at the household level in Tanzania's Mainland. The study used secondary data from the Tanzania Household Budget Survey 2017/2018. Binary logistics regression was carried out to check the influence of characteristics of the household heads which are sex, age group, marital status, education and employment status, and the household condition characteristics, which include sanitation status, household size categories, location type, and use of building on the availability of handwashing facilities at the household level. Results revealed that the sex and employment status of the household heads had no significant influence, while age group, marital status educational level, and employment status of the household head had a significant influence on the availability of handwashing facilities. With regard to household condition, characteristics, sanitation status, household size categories, location type, and use of the building had a significant influence on the availability of handwashing facilities in households at a 5% level of significance. Therefore, the availability of handwashing facilities in households is influenced by the characteristics of the household head and housing characteristics. A study recommends community behavioural change on sanitation by conducting educational campaigns to raise awareness about the importance of handwashing and proper hygiene through several ways such as home visits.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":517114,"journal":{"name":"Rural Planning Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139895191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0