Frontiers in Fish Science最新文献

{"title":"Identifying spatial movements and residency of pelagic thresher sharks (Alopias pelagicus) using satellite and passive acoustic telemetry to inform local conservation in central Indonesia","authors":"R. Shidqi, Mark V Erdmann, Edy Setyawan, N. Lezama‐Ochoa, Dewi R. Sari, A. Sianipar, Joshua D. Stewart, Donald A. Croll","doi":"10.3389/frish.2024.1391062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frish.2024.1391062","url":null,"abstract":"The pelagic thresher shark (Alopias pelagicus) is globally endangered, threatened by bycatch, and targeted in industrial and artisanal fisheries in Indonesia. However, a lack of information about their ecology, particularly movement and habitat use, hinders the development of science-based conservation measures to protect the species. Here, we report our research, which is the first to use a combination of satellite and passive acoustic telemetry to investigate the movement and residency of the pelagic thresher shark within Indonesia's waters, especially in areas impacted by local fisheries. A total of 24 sharks were tagged with archival satellite tags (n = 9), internal acoustic tags (n = 10), and both tags (n = 5) in Selat Pantar Marine Protected Area (MPA). The tagged sharks, dominated by females (71%) ranged in size from 125–180 cm FL (mean ± SD: 161 ± 13). Seven of the fifteen acoustically tagged sharks were detected by the receivers, while twelve of the fourteen satellite tags reported data. The satellite tags stayed attached for 81–181 days, and the acoustic tag detection periods ranged from 44–175 days. Horizontally, we found the satellite-tagged sharks moved broadly, mainly offshore, approximately 90 km from tagging locations. They moved to areas between Banda, Flores, and Savu Sea regions, where unregulated and unreported longline and gillnet fisheries are known to operate. Meanwhile, the acoustically tagged sharks showed distinct diel patterns around the Selat Pantar MPA's coastal waters, indicating potential philopatric behavior. Vertically, the sharks spent significantly (p < 0.001) more time in deeper water during the day and moved to shallower water at night. The deepest dive recorded was 1,889.5 m, which is the deepest ever recorded from the species. Our results suggest that area-based protection can be an effective nearshore conservation tool as individuals appear to remain in relatively restricted areas within Selat Pantar MPA for extended periods. However, fisheries regulation aimed at restricting illegal longline and gillnet fishing is also necessary to protect sharks when they move offshore. Our findings have been communicated to the relevant governments, resulting in increased political will and new legislation to protect them within the Selat Pantar MPA and connected waters of East Nusa Tenggara.","PeriodicalId":517042,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Fish Science","volume":"40 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent expansion of the Atlantic cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) into Bermudian waters","authors":"M. Ajemian, Cecilia M. Hampton, Lauren M. Coleman, Joanna M. Pitt, Struan R. Smith, Christian M. Jones, Nicole M. Phillips","doi":"10.3389/frish.2024.1394011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frish.2024.1394011","url":null,"abstract":"Cownose rays (Family Rhinopteridae) are highly migratory pelagic rays that are generally restricted to continental shelves. Despite 100's of years of natural history records, cownose rays have never been reported in Bermuda, an atoll-like coral reef ecosystem that is separated from the continental mainland United States by ~1,000 km. Here we compile evidence that the Atlantic cownose ray (Rhinoptera bonasus) has recently established in Bermuda, supported by both morphological and genetic data. Potential ecological and inter-specific competition concerns are presented as well as probable physical mechanisms that facilitated this recent and presumed range expansion.","PeriodicalId":517042,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Fish Science","volume":"53 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140965039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omega-3 long chain highly unsaturated fatty acid content in tissue correlates with escape response efficiency in golden gray mullet","authors":"Marie Vagner, Salomé Ducos, Nicolas Graziano, Fabienne Le Grand, A. Bideau, E. Dubillot, Christel Lefrançois","doi":"10.3389/frish.2024.1394423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frish.2024.1394423","url":null,"abstract":"Omega-3 long-chain highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA) are poorly synthesized de novo by marine fish, but are necessary to maintain their metabolic and physiological performance. Consequently, fish must find them in their diet. However, the availability of these lipid compounds is predicted to decrease in relation to global changes in ocean waters. The aim of this study was to experimentally determine the effects of an n-3 HUFA-deficient diet on the escape performance of Chelon auratus, a microphytobenthos grazer of high ecological importance. Fish were fed either a standard n-3 HUFA diet or an n-3 HUFA-deficient diet for 2 months. At the end of this conditioning period, several variables (latency, responsiveness, initial direction of escape, response duration, distance covered, maximum acceleration and velocity, and turning rate) related to escape performance were characterized in the tested fish. The results showed that a lower dietary n-3 HUFA content caused a significant reduction in the proportion of these fatty acids in fish muscle, both in membranes and in reserves. While the FA composition of the brain also reflected that of the diet in reserves, the membrane fatty acid composition of the brain remained similar between the two dietary groups, suggesting the preservation of neural and cognitive functions of the fish. Neither growth rate nor escape response variables were significantly different between the two diets. However, some escape response variables (e.g., latency, duration, maximum velocity and acceleration, and turning rate) were highly correlated with fish n-3 HUFA content in brain or muscle, and these correlations were tissue specific. While response duration and latency seemed to be more correlated with n-3 HUFA content in the brain membrane, other escape response variables such as turning rate, maximum velocity, cumulative distance, and maximum acceleration seemed to be correlated with n-3 HUFA content in the lipid reserve, both in the brain and in the muscle. Our results indicate that the reduction of n-3 HUFA in the dietary sources of marine fish appears to reduce the performance of the escape response, suggesting some impact of n-3 HUFA dietary changes with global change on predator-prey relationships within the marine ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":517042,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Fish Science","volume":"42 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140979463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlated environmental DNA and electrofished estimates of relative biomass for golden perch, Macquaria ambigua","authors":"M. Rourke, Matt K. Broadhurst, Ashley M. Fowler, Julian M. Hughes, J. DiBattista, Elise M. Furlan","doi":"10.3389/frish.2024.1358572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frish.2024.1358572","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the need to augment electrofishing surveys of golden perch, Macquaria ambigua (an important endemic freshwater fish in southeastern Australia), with other non-lethal survey methods, the utility of environmental DNA (eDNA) as an index of relative fish abundance/biomass was investigated. From three adjacent rivers, five sites in each were sampled for eDNA immediately before electrofishing during sequential years. Up to six individuals or 10 kg of electrofished golden perch (200–548 mm total length) were caught or observed site−1. Analyses of concurrent eDNA concentrations revealed no significant relationship with the relative abundance of golden perch, but there was with relative biomass—manifesting as increasing eDNA concentrations between 1.1 and approximately 5.5 kg biomass site−1, after which concentrations stabilized at greater biomasses. Future research warrants assessing the viability of sampling eDNA for spatio-temporally monitoring rivers where low biomasses of golden perch (1–5 kg site−1) are likely to occur.","PeriodicalId":517042,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Fish Science","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population genomic analysis of the greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) in the Mediterranean and the Northeast Atlantic, based on SNPs, microsatellites, and mitochondrial DNA sequences","authors":"Aikaterini Katirtzoglou, D. Tsaparis, Evangelos Kolios, Antonios Magoulas, C. Mylonas, I. Fakriadis, T. Manousaki, C. Tsigenopoulos","doi":"10.3389/frish.2024.1356313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frish.2024.1356313","url":null,"abstract":"The greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) has attracted considerable economic interest since the 1990s because it possesses traits that distinguish it as a promising candidate in aquaculture. However, the challenges of its successful rearing, combined with the need to develop proper management practices, underline the importance of research into the genetic diversity of both wild and farmed stocks. We aimed to decipher the genetic structure of S. dumerili in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Northeast Atlantic using three types of genetic markers (mitochondrial control region sequences, microsatellites, and single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs) to evaluate the population genetic structure of the species. The results were compared to those of previous studies of the species focusing on the Central Mediterranean and confirmed the presence of two divergent mtDNA haplogroups distributed without any detectable geographical structuring within the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. However, population analyses of the genetic structure of the species using either 10 microsatellites or a set of 1,051 SNP markers suggest that the species forms three genetically distinct groups, one in the Mediterranean and two in the Atlantic. The latter has so far not been reported in the Northeast Atlantic, and that this differentiation refers to samples from the Canary Islands is surprising. Fifteen candidate outlier SNP loci were identified in the data set, one located within the tead1a/TEF-1A gene, which has been associated with temperature acclimation of the medaka. This work enriches our knowledge of the genetic diversity of wild populations of the greater amberjack in the Mediterranean and the Northeast Atlantic and attempts to investigate signs of local adaptation toward a better understanding of the species distribution patterns. Future studies should be conducted to investigate the genomic regions associated with temperature acclimation in marine organisms that have to adapt to the ongoing climate change pressures, such as sea temperature rise, in order to survive.","PeriodicalId":517042,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Fish Science","volume":"15 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of progressive hypoxia on swimming mode and oxygen consumption in the pile perch, Phanerodon vacca","authors":"LeeAnn C. Frank, Leteisha A. Prescott, Molly E. Scott, Paolo Domenici, Jacob L. Johansen, J. Steffensen","doi":"10.3389/frish.2024.1289848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frish.2024.1289848","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoxia, an increasingly common stressor in coastal environments, lowers the scope for aerobic activity such as sustained swimming. This study examines the effect of self-depleting progressive hypoxia on swimming performance and oxygen consumption of the pile perch, Phanerodon vacca, at their optimal speed (Uopt =29 cm·s−1). P. vacca is a labriform, median-paired fin (MPF) swimmer that exhibits a clear gait transition from primarily oxidative muscle-powered, pectoral fin swimming to primarily anaerobic-powered muscle burst swimming using the caudal fin (BCF) when facing high speeds or low oxygen.We expected that P. vacca swimming at Uopt would maintain oxygen consumption (ṀO2) alongside decreasing oxygen levels and continue to swim using MPF propulsion until they approached their critical oxygen saturation at their optimal swimming speed (Scrit at Uopt). At this point, we expected a gait transition to occur (i.e., from MPF to BCF propulsion), which is observed by a decrease in pectoral fin beat frequency and an increase in caudal fin or bursting frequency.In a closed-system swimming respirometer, P. vacca maintained strictly pectoral fin swimming at a consistent frequency and metabolic rate until reaching a critical oxygen saturation at their Scrit at Uopt of 38.6 ± 1.7% air saturation (O2sat). Below Scrit at Uopt, P. vacca significantly increased pectoral fin beat frequency, followed by a transition to caudal bursting at 33.7% O2sat. Switching to burst swimming allowed P. vacca to swim for 44.4 min beyond Scrit at Uopt until reaching 29.2% O2sat. Excess post-hypoxia oxygen consumption (EPHOC) led to a significant increase in metabolic rate during recovery, which took 1.89 h to return to the routine metabolic rate (RMR).Time to return to RMR and EPHOC did not differ when comparing exhaustive exercise and hypoxia exposure, suggesting that this species has an anaerobic energy reserve that does not differ when stressed during hypoxia or exercise. This study demonstrates that in hypoxia, the modulation of swimming mode from pectoral to caudal fin–based locomotion can maintain swimming well below Scrit at Uopt and provides a fundamental understanding of the physiological basis of sustained swimming in hypoxia.","PeriodicalId":517042,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Fish Science","volume":"23 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140080545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-year extra-uterine life support for viviparous shark embryos: first technological application to mid-term embryos","authors":"Taketeru Tomita, M. Toda, Atsushi Kaneko, K. Murakumo, Kei Miyamoto, Keiichi Sato","doi":"10.3389/frish.2024.1352871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frish.2024.1352871","url":null,"abstract":"Shark-specific artificial uterine fluid is a recently developed material suitable for maintaining viviparous shark embryos outside the maternal body. Previous studies confirmed that this fluid greatly extends the captive maintenance period of the embryonic slendertail lantern shark (Etmopterus molleri) from <1 week to several months. Its application, however, has been limited to late-term embryos. This study reports the first application of this fluid on mid-term embryos with long external gill filaments. The incubation was found to be successful, with the embryos growing to their natural birth size after 1 year. A high mortality of mid-term embryos was observed during incubation due to pressure ulcers. This indicates that not only appropriate chemical environment but also appropriate physical environment is critical for the stable maintenance of mid-term embryos.","PeriodicalId":517042,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Fish Science","volume":"22 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the genetic diversity of Chimaera monstrosa Linnaeus, 1758 (Chordata, Chondrichthyes, Holocephali) in the Mediterranean Sea","authors":"L. Carugati, Alice Cappelletti, R. Melis, Simone Di Crescenzo, A. Bellodi, A. Soler-Membrives, M. C. Follesa, R. Cannas","doi":"10.3389/frish.2024.1354791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frish.2024.1354791","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainable management and conservation of deep-sea species may be hampered by the paucity of data on their population structure and connectivity, in the face of ever-increasing fisheries pressure and other forms of impacts on deep-sea ecosystems. The rabbit fish, Chimaera monstrosa, is a deep-sea cartilaginous fish, reported worldwide in the past, but currently distributed only in the North-Eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. It is currently experiencing high levels of mortality associated with by-catch. Its slow growth, low fecundity and late maturity make this species particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic impact, although little is known about processes of connectivity between ecoregions. This study utilized DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene to investigate the population structure and demography of C. monstrosa both at the small (around the coasts of Sardinia, western Mediterranean Sea) and at larger spatial scales (at the pan-Mediterranean level, and between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea). A total of 100 new sequences were obtained from specimens of Mediterranean origin, identifying 15 new haplotypes out of the 30 known so far for the species. Evidence of feeble but significant differentiation was detected among locations within the Tyrrhenian basin. Bayesian clustering analyses indicated the occurrence of three distinct haplogroups: the most common spread all over the Mediterranean, and the other two limited to the Western basin. Greater levels of genetic differentiation were found between the Atlantic and Mediterranean populations which constituted two main genetic clusters, with no shared haplotypes. The two populations became separated at the end of the Middle Pleistocene, with a clear sign of demographic expansion during the same period. The rabbit fish constitutes an important exception to a general paradigm of deep-sea species being connected by high levels of gene flow and such results could be useful to implement current management strategies to conserve this vulnerable by-caught species.","PeriodicalId":517042,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Fish Science","volume":"264 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139895082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking IUCN extinction risk at sub-regional scale: lessons from comparing Italian Red List assessments for cartilaginous species within a decade (2013–2022)","authors":"U. Scacco, Alessia Battistoni, Fulvio Garibaldi, S. Raicevich, Carlo Rondinini, Fabrizio Serena, Leonardo Tunesi, Marino Vacchi, T. Fortibuoni","doi":"10.3389/frish.2024.1356358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frish.2024.1356358","url":null,"abstract":"This brief research report presents the 2022 updated IUCN Red List for the cartilaginous fish fauna (76 species) recorded in the Italian seas and compares it with the 2013 assessment. Overall, the number of Data Deficient (DD) species decreased in favor of both threatened and unthreatened categories. Out of five DD species in the 2013 assessment, three acquired the status of threatened species (Vulnerable or higher) and two an unthreatened (Least Concern or higher) status in the 2022 assessment. Additionally, the classification for one species changed from Least Concern in 2013 to DD in 2022. The comparison between assessments showed no significant change in the average extinction risk status of cartilaginous fish populations of the Italian seas. Even though 2013-DD species decreased in number, the latter still remains high in the updated Italian IUCN Red List assessment.","PeriodicalId":517042,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Fish Science","volume":"16 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139896309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic performance declines as group size increases during escape responses in a schooling coral reef fish","authors":"Monica D. Bacchus, P. Domenici, S. Killen, Mark I. McCormick, Lauren E. Nadler","doi":"10.3389/frish.2023.1294259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frish.2023.1294259","url":null,"abstract":"Escaping predation is essential for species survival, but prey must effectively match their response to the perceived threat imposed by a predator. For social animals, one mechanism to reduce risk of predation is living in larger group sizes, which dilutes each individual's risk of capture. When a predator attacks, individuals from a range of taxa (e.g., fishes, sharks, and amphibians) perform an escape response, to evade the attack.Using the schooling coral reef damselfish Chromis viridis, we assess if there is an optimal group size that maximizes both individual escape response performance as well as group cohesion and coordination following a simulated predator attack, comparing schools composed of four, eight, and sixteen fish. The escape response was assessed through simulated predator attacks, measuring escape latency, kinematics (average turning rate, and distance covered), and group dynamics (school cohesion and coordination). The experiments were conducted with varying group sizes to analyze the impact on escape performance and group behavior.We found that fish in various group sizes exhibited no difference in their reaction timing to a simulated predator attack (i.e., escape latency), but larger groups exhibited slower kinematics (i.e., lower average turning rate and shorter distance covered during the escape response), potentially because larger groups perceived the predator attack as less risky due to safety in numbers. Both school cohesion and coordination (as measured through alignment and nearest neighbor distance, respectively) declined in the 100 ms after the predator's attack. While there was no impact of group size on alignment, larger group sizes exhibited closer nearest neighbor distances at all times.The findings suggest that larger group sizes in schooling coral reef fish may lead to energy conservation by displaying less costly behavioral responses to predator threats. This potential energy saving could be attributed to a higher threshold of perceived threat required to trigger a rapid escape response in larger groups. The study emphasizes the intricate interplay between individual and collective behaviors in response to predation and sheds light on the nuanced dynamics of group living in the face of predation.","PeriodicalId":517042,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Fish Science","volume":"391 1-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140502475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}