International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Antibiotics in ICU: The Challenges of Use, Cost and Response in a Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"R. A. Perveen, M. Nasir, N. Farha, M. A. Islam","doi":"10.47648/jmsr.2017.v2702.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47648/jmsr.2017.v2702.06","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic resistance can lead to increased morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay, and healthcare expenditures. The study is designed to observe the challenges of antibiotic consumption, related costs, and their resistance pattern in critically ill patients. The study was conducted in ICU from July 2016 to December 2016, at Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital. The demographic data, antibiotic sensitivity report, the administration of different classes of antibiotics as well as individual drugs and their costs were recorded. In 216 patients, meropenem was the most commonly prescribed antibiotic followed by levofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Meropenem with one or more class of antibiotics had the higher cost (BDT 1,985 and BDT 2,800 per day per patient). Though the cephalosporins are the initial choice as the safest, cheaper antibiotics in developed countries, high rate of resistance was observed in this ICU. The overall sterilization and strict control of nosocomial infections may play a vital role in overcoming the challenges. Use of local antibiogram, narrow-spectrum antibiotics, infectious disease specialist consultation, and restricted authorization to prescribe antibiotics can effectively shift the antibiotic sensitivity and minimize the cost in ICU stay.","PeriodicalId":51699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48701357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Neuroprotective Effects of Alcoholic Extract of Levisticum Officinale on Alpha Motoneurons Degeneration After Sciatic Nerve Compression in Male Rats","authors":"Salman Mahmoudzehi, Gol Mohammad Dorrazehi, S. Jamalzehi, A. H. Khabbaz, F. Ghorbani, Abdollah Hooti, Abdolvahed Ghorbani Dadkani, Mehrdad Mahmoudi Souran","doi":"10.13005/BPJ/1150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13005/BPJ/1150","url":null,"abstract":"As peripheral neurons are injured, several inflammatory factors will be released from the fiber of the injured nervous leading to morphological and biochemical changes in the injured point. This changes ultimately results in the Wallerian degeneration of the cell bodies of these neurons in the spinal cord which are involved in retrograde reaction. Levisticum officinale is one of the herbs that has been traditionally used for treatment of many diseases. Many studies have confirmed the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects of this plant. It is expected that the extract of Levisticum officinale would have a significant role in the restoration of nervous system injuries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the alcoholic extract of Levisticum officinale on the neuron protection of the sciatic nerves of injured rats. In this study, the ethanolic extract was obtained from Levisticum officinale. Then the rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, each containing 6 rats, including two control and compression groups and three treatment groups treated with 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg doses of the extract. Sciatic nerve in compression and treatment groups was exposed to compression for 60 seconds, and the ethanolic extract was injected intraperitoneally in the first, second and third weeks. The spinal cord of the rats were sampled and the neurons of the samples were counted using a dissector method after tissue passaging and staining. Meanwhile, the density of motoneurons was measured. T-test analysis was performed by using SPSS software. The density of α motoneurons in compression group decreased significantly as compared to the control group (p<0.001). The density of α motoneurons in all treatment groups with 50,75 and 100 extract doses was significantly increased as compared to the compression group (p<0.01). The highest neuron protection was observed in the treatment group with 100 mg/kg dose as compared to the compression group. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Levisticum officinale has neuron protective and restorative effects on the injuries of the peripheral nerves such as compression.","PeriodicalId":51699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42980529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Gluteus Maximus Inhibition on Upper Trapezius Overactivity in Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain with Radiculopathy","authors":"G. Koura, Eman Kamel, Wanees M Badawy, H. Hamada, H. Zakaria","doi":"10.16965/IJPR.2017.128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16965/IJPR.2017.128","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mechanical neck pain is the most common type of neck pain and commonly to accompany with radiculopathy. Patients of neck pain exhibit greater activation of accessory muscles, (sternocleidomastoid, anterior scalene, and upper trapezius muscles) and may also show changed patterns of motor control of other postural muscles as pelvic muscles for reducing activation of painful muscles of neck. Aim of the study: To determine if there is an association between gluteus maximus inhibition and overactivity of upper fibres of trapezius in patients with chronic mechanical neck pain with radiculopathy. Materials and Methods: Forty female patients participated in this study diagnosed as chronic mechanical neck pain with radiculopathy. Amplitude and onset of muscle activation were assessed by using the surface electromyography (EMG) during prone hip extension test. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that there is no correlation between the amplitude of EMG activity of right and left gluteus maximus and the amplitude of EMG activity of right and left upper trapezius (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the overactivity of the upper trapezius muscle in patients with chronic mechanical neck pain with radiculopathy is not related to the inhibition of the gluteus maximus muscle during prone hip extension test.","PeriodicalId":51699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47891136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tissue Doppler Imaging in Cardiology Nowadays: Clinical Applications","authors":"M. Nasr, A. Kossaify","doi":"10.15761/CCRR.1000304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15761/CCRR.1000304","url":null,"abstract":"Echocardiography is a routine test in cardiology nowadays and Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is particularly useful for evaluating myocardial tissue motion; compared to strain imaging, TDI has a higher temporal resolution, is less time consuming, also it has specific clinical applications and benefits: assessment of diastolic function, assessment of left and right ventricular function, evaluation of ventricular dyssynchrony, and evaluation of constrictive/restrictive syndromes.","PeriodicalId":51699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67438235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nursing studentsâ experiences of the process of learning during clinical courses in Iran","authors":"Salehi Sh, S. A. Naji, P. Afghari","doi":"10.5958/2349-2996.2016.00086.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2349-2996.2016.00086.0","url":null,"abstract":"Learning process is the result of interactions between the learners and the learning environment and paying attention to its effective factors could lead it toward achieving the expected results. This study was aimed to explain the experiences of nursing students about learning process during clinical courses. This was a qualitative phenomenology study. Finally 6 main concepts including communication, professional role, moral and ethical, preparation and planning, learning process and evaluation were defined.","PeriodicalId":51699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71116029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of an Educational Self-Care Program on Knowledge and Performance in Patients with Coronary syndrome","authors":"Atefeh Qoli, T. Nasrabadi, Ebrahim Ebrahimi Abianeh","doi":"10.18869/IAHS.3.2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/IAHS.3.2.49","url":null,"abstract":"The most important causes for mortality rate and poor quality of life in cardiovascular patients arise from insufficient and inappropriate self-care. This study determines the effect of an educational self- care program on knowledge and performance in patients with Coronary syndrome. This experimental study included 70 patients with Coronary syndrome hospitalized in Qom University hospitals. Patients were randomly assigned to experimental (n=35) and control (n=35) groups. First, background demographic, knowledge and performance data were collected through interview and observation. Then the patients in experiment group received 2 educational sessions each lasting twenty minutes during the hospital stay, and also were given an educational booklet review, while control patients received routine care. Data on all patients’ knowledge and performance was again collected at one month after discharge. The knowledge and performance of two groups were compared using Wilcoxon and Mann- Whitney U tests. There was no statistically significant differences between the two groups in self-care knowledge and performance before intervention. One month after discharge, patients from both groups reported better self care knowledge and performance compared with their baseline, but patients from experimental group reported a significantly more increase in self-care knowledge and performance than patients from the control group(increase in knowledge score= 8/40vs. 0/57; z=-5/39, p< 0/001, in performance score=32/13 vs. 0.98; z= -19/49, p <0/001). This study demonstrated that the application of an instructional self-care program raises the awareness and improves the performance of the patients with Coronary syndrome.","PeriodicalId":51699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67682677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PANCREATIC LIPASE AND α-AMYLASE INHIBITORY POTENTIAL OF MANGOSTEEN (GARCINIA MANGOSTANA LINN.) PERICARP EXTRACT","authors":"I. Adnyana, Alkilany Salem Abuzaid, Elin Yulinah Iskandar, N. Kurniati","doi":"10.5958/2319-5886.2016.00006.0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2319-5886.2016.00006.0","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Obesity is a disorder of lipid metabolism and the enzyme involved in this process could be selectively targeted to develop anti obesity drugs. Inhibition of digestive enzymes is one of the most widely studies mechanisms used to determine the hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic agent of natural products for anti-obesity agent screening. Aims: To evaluate the inhibitory potential of G. mangostana extract, xanthone and α-mangosteen compound toward pancreatic lipase and α-amylase enzyme as once of anti-obesity mechanism. Material and Methods: The IC50 value of the mangosteen pericarp extract, xanthone, and α-mangosteen toward pancreatic lipase and α-amylase were determined in vitro compared to orlistat and acarbose as standard drugs. Results: Mangosteen pericarp extract contains phenol, terpenoid, saponin, flavonoid and tannin. Mangosteen pericarp extract is a more active compound in inhibiting the PPL activity compared to α-mangosteen, and xanthone. Mangosteen pericarp extract shows the higher activity compared to xanthone but still lower activity compared to α-mangosteen. However, its activity is still lower than standard drugs. Conclusions: Our in vitro, confirmed that the mangosteen pericarp extract has the phytochemical bioactive content that possesses anti-obesity potential through pancreatic lipase and α-amylase inhibitory activity.","PeriodicalId":51699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71079794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytotoxicity of endodontic sealers-a comparative study using L-929 mouse skin fibroblast cell response-an ex-vivo study","authors":"Aruna Kanaparthy, Rosaiah Kanaparthy","doi":"10.5958/2319-5886.2016.00013.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2319-5886.2016.00013.8","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The objective of the present research was to evaluate and to compare the cytotoxicity of four commonly used endodontic sealers Apexit Plus, AH plus, Sankin, and Endofloss. The cytotoxicity was evaluated after setting of the sealers at different time intervals. Materials and Methods: Mouse skin fibroblasts L-929 was obtained from cell repository centre of national centre for cell science Pune, India. The cells were grown as monolayer cultures in Dulbeccos Modified eagle Medium (DMEM). Each of the test materials were mixed according to the manufactures instruction and was allowed to set. 0.1ml of each of the set sealers was placed in the petriplates in direct contact with the fibroblasts at 24 and 48 hrs intervals and evaluated for cytotoxicity. The percentage viability of the fibroblasts were calculated and evaluated statistically. Results: The statistical analysis revealed that Apexit Plus showed slight to moderate toxicity at 24 and 48 hrs, when compared with other sealers. Sankin showed maximum toxicity at all time intervals. Conclusion: All tested endodontic sealers demonstrated varying amount of cytotoxicity at different time intervals. Apexit Plus showed the least amount of cytotoxicity and Sankin showed the highest level of cytotoxicity.","PeriodicalId":51699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71080077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of peripheral nerve conduction and visual evoked potential in newly diagnosed hypothyroid females.","authors":"A. Sankareswari, Shreen L Affiya, T. Vigil, S. Naveen, M. Chandrasekhar","doi":"10.5958/2319-5886.2016.00010.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2319-5886.2016.00010.2","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hypothyroidism is a common medical condition in the general population. Usually hypothyroidism has both central and peripheral nerve involvement. The neurologic manifestations occur in conjunction with the systemic features of the disease and may be noted only incidentally. The peripheral neuropathy can be assessed using the sensory motor nerve conduction studies, which is a non-invasive method. Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) are electrical potential differences recorded from the scalp in response to visual stimuli. Aim: To study the motor and sensory nerve conduction in the Median nerve and Visual Evoked Potential in the newly diagnosed hypothyroid females. Materials and methods: The sample size is 30. The study design is a cross sectional study. Sensorimotor nerve conduction of the Median nerve and the VEP was done using NEUROSTIM NS2 machine, in the department of Physiology, Meenakshi Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute. The statistical analysis was done by Student unpaired t' test using SPSS software 17 version. Result: There was a significant in the nerve conduction of both motor and sensory components of the cases when compared to the controls. There was statistically significant prolongation of latency P 100 wave of VEP in the study group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Both peripheral and central nervous system are affected in hypothyroidism. To conclude, electrophysiological studies can be useful in the diagnosis of asymptomatic poly neuropathy in hypothyroid patients.","PeriodicalId":51699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71080419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BOWEL AID AS SUPPLEMENTARY MANAGEMENT IN MESH COMPLICATION- RELATED PAIN: A CASE REPORT","authors":"L. Aw, Ishak Zainol, H. Chew, C. W. Yu","doi":"10.5958/2319-5886.2016.00027.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2319-5886.2016.00027.8","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of women suffering from urinary incontinence (UI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) globally, and many had synthetic sub-urethral procedures which is one of the mainstay therapy of stress urinary incontinence. It is paramount to learn from patients with mesh complications; in this particular case, perineal pain and dyspareunia related to complication of synthetic suburethral sling procedure. This patient has cessation of debilitating pain with the conservative use of bowel aid, and yet she remains to be continent in uresis.","PeriodicalId":51699,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71080537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}