Medico Legal Update最新文献

{"title":"Progressive Pulmonary Tuberculosis – Progress Beyond the Walls","authors":"Anwar K A, Aditya Kidiyoor, Renju Raveendran","doi":"10.37506/9e7gbw38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/9e7gbw38","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. If the treatment is inadequate or if host defenses are impaired, the apical lesion in primary tuberculosis expands into adjacent lung tissues and may spread via airways, lymphatic channels, or the vascular system. It may also circulate back to the lung and cause miliary pulmonary disease. Systemic miliary tuberculosis occurs when bacteria disseminate through the systemic arterial system to involve any organ. In the present study, we discuss five such cases of systemic miliary tuberculosis wherein the deceased succumbed to the illness.","PeriodicalId":516946,"journal":{"name":"Medico Legal Update","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Assessment of Death Profile of Unknown Dead Bodies, Brought for Autopsy to the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology in Government Medical College of Garhwal Region, Uttarakhand: A Retrospective Study","authors":"Mayank Kishore chand, Niranjan Kumar Gunjan, Pankaj Sahu","doi":"10.37506/2gh59c97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/2gh59c97","url":null,"abstract":"Background:an unknown dead body always becomes a challenge to the Investigating officer and forensic expert. However, the problem of determining the identity gets aggravated and taxes for the experts, when the dead body is recovered in decomposed/ skeletonized and mutilated form. \u0000Materials and Methods: A standard proforma was designed to collect the information to ensureconsistency for the whole sample. All dead bodies that were brought as unidentified were included however identified dead bodies were excluded from the study. \u0000Results:A total of 407 post-mortem examinations were conducted at the mortuary of the department during under study and amongst them, 56 cases (13.75%) were found unidentified. Of these unidentified cases, 69.64% (39 cases) were in decomposed and 30.35% (17 cases) were in fresh state. Unidentified cases comprised 80.35% males (45 cases) and 19.64% females (11 cases). \u0000Conclusion:Unidentified dead bodies were only 13.75% of the total dead bodies coming to the autopsy in the mortuary of the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, VCSGGIMS & R, Srikot, Srinagar, Pauri Garhwal, UTTARAKHAND during the study period of 5 years.","PeriodicalId":516946,"journal":{"name":"Medico Legal Update","volume":"83 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Time Since Death From Post Mortem Lividity: An Autopsy Study Conducted in Government Medical College and Ssg Hospital ofCentral Gujarat State of India","authors":"Hardik R. Prajapati, Sunil B. Bhatt, Aditya B. Itare, Pratik N. Patel","doi":"10.37506/x113nb04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/x113nb04","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evaluation and estimation of time since death is a fundamental part of medico-legal investigations. Post mortem lividity or post-mortem staining is a bluish or reddish-purple discoloration due to capillo-venous distension with blood, at the under surface of the skin on the dependant parts of the body, as a result of settling of blood in those areas following pulling by gravity, after circulation of the blood in motion ceases. \u0000A study was conducted in the department of forensic medicine, GovernmentMedical College and SSG hospital, Vadodara to evaluate time since death by method of studying post mortem lividity. \u0000This was prospective and observational study conducted on 256 dead bodies brought for post mortem examination from November 2021 to August 2022. \u0000It was observed that the Post mortem Lividity starts appearing as a patchy form by 1-7 hours and well develops by 7-13 hours. Post mortem Lividity gets fixed by 8-18 hours following death. \u0000It was concluded that compared to other methods, the post mortem lividity assessment can be used as the most conventional, easy and quicker method for estimating time since death","PeriodicalId":516946,"journal":{"name":"Medico Legal Update","volume":"116 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Study of Sex Estimation by Mesiodistal width of Mandibular Canine and Mesiodistal width of Maxillary Canine in North Indian Population","authors":"Mohammad Abdurrahman Khan, Manisha Verma, Syed Belal Hassan, Anoop Kumar Verma, Syed Fiza Mustaqueem, Shilpi Gupta","doi":"10.37506/8xvx6v92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/8xvx6v92","url":null,"abstract":"Abbreviations: MD: Mesiodistal, SD: Standard deviation, mm: millimetres. \u0000Introduction: Various methods of identification such as anthropometry, stature estimation, dactylography, sex estimation, age estimation, DNA analysis, differentiation by blood groups and odontology are used in forensic medicine to create biological profile of an unknown individual. Estimation of sex is the first step towards identification of person. Determination of sex from skeletal remains is an essential task in medicolegal examination.Teeth are highly indestructible and reveal minimal turnover of natural substance hence teeth can be used for sex estimation. Mesiodistal parameter of mandibular and maxillary canine gave evidence of sex estimation due to sexual dimorphism. \u0000Aim: The aim of our study was to evaluate the sex estimation by mesiodistal width of mandibular canine and mesiodistal width of maxillary canine in north Indian population. \u0000Materials and Methods: The sample comprised of dental impression from 120 individuals (60 males and 60 females), all young adults between 20 and 35 years of age. Impressions of the teeth were made using irreversible hydrocolloid (alginate) material and casts poured in dental stone. Mesiodistal (MD) dimensions of mandibular and maxillary canine of both right and left side is measure by caliper. \u0000Results: Mean mandibular canine width of both right and left sidewere higher in male than female and were statistically significant whereas, mean maxillary canine width of both right and left side were slightly higher in male than female but were not statistically significant in young north Indian population. Left mandibular canine width (6%) was more sexually dimorphic than right mandibular canine width (5.1%). Whereas negligible sexual dimorphism shown by maxillary canine. \u0000Conclusion: The study confirmed that among maxillary and mandibular canine, mandibular canine can be used for sex estimation and shows significant sexual dimorphism.","PeriodicalId":516946,"journal":{"name":"Medico Legal Update","volume":"30 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Usefulness of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in Diagnosing Traumatic Brain Injury: The Role in the Old Age Patients","authors":"Jitendra Tanna,  Vanraj N. Parmar, Sunil B. Bhatt","doi":"10.37506/w2j7qr19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/w2j7qr19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several previous studies have questioned on the applicability of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) for patients with old age having Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). \u0000Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the usefulness of GCS in diagnosing TBI in relation to elderly people. \u0000Materials and Method: A prospective study was performed involving 558 patients with brain injury out of that 126 had TBI. The GCS was assessed and compared with patients after dividing them into different age groups. Logistic regression was performed after adjusting for addition classical factors influencing the GCS like sex, Abbreviated Injury Scores (AIS) and mode of injury. \u0000Results: We found a continuously increasing trend for GCS score with age of the patients having TBI. The similar trend was noted at all the level of severity. Logistic regression has shown a significant trend after adjusting for patients’ sex and mode of injury. However, level and height of the fall are the determining factors. GCS score increases significantly after the age of 44. \u0000Conclusion: Greater weightage should be given to the age of the patients and the level and mode of injury to patients with TBI during the screening procedure.","PeriodicalId":516946,"journal":{"name":"Medico Legal Update","volume":"97 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140984303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profile of Cases of Death Due to Coronary Artery Disease: An Autopsy Based Descriptive Study","authors":"Salini R, Sharija S, Meena K.S","doi":"10.37506/kerwq332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/kerwq332","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most common cause of sudden cardiac death is coronary artery disease, which contributes to 75 to 90%. The present study is undertaken to describe the profile of autopsy cases of coronary artery disease. \u0000Methods:Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in all cases of sudden and unexpected death brought for autopsy a tertiary level centre in southern Kerala during a period of one year. Gross and microscopical examination of heart and coronary arteries were studied and in cases with coronary artery disease, associated factors like previous history of illness, personal habits, family history of illness, body mass index, abdominal circumference, horizontal earlobe crease were described in detail. Categorical variables were represented as frequency and percentage, continuous variables as mean and standard deviation and association was tested using Chi square test. \u0000Conclusions: Statistically significant association (p value = 0.001) was observed between the horizontal earlobe crease and occlusive coronary artery disease. No significant association was obtained between the obesity parameters like body mass index, waist to hip ratio and occlusive coronary artery disease. Majority of the cases with significant occlusion was observed in the left anterior descending artery.The most common site of thrombus was in the proximal third of left anterior descending artery.","PeriodicalId":516946,"journal":{"name":"Medico Legal Update","volume":"65 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An epidemiological profile of medico-legal autopsies at a tertiary care center","authors":"Kapil Yadav, Mustafa khan, Rajeev Kumar, Hitesh Chawla, Tony Jowel, Renu Yadav","doi":"10.37506/35w8k164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/35w8k164","url":null,"abstract":"Background: An essential and necessary component of any investigation into a sudden, suspicious death is the medico-legal autopsy. It's critical to understand the profile of medico-legal autopsy cases in order to ascertain the mortality rate from non-natural causes in a given area and addressing the demographic requirements in accordance with the region's unique mortality statistics. \u0000Material & Method: The present study was a retrospective study of autopsies performed at a tertiary care centre in southern Haryana, from January 2018 to December 2023. During this period a total of 886 medico legal autopsies were conducted. Relevant information and subjective data like age, gender, marital status & manner of death have been collected from medico legal autopsy register from January 2018 to December 2023. \u0000Results: It was observed that out of 886 cases male outnumbered females in ratio 2.06:1. Majority of the victims belonged to the age group 21-30 years. Majority of the deaths occurred due to poisoning (n=264, 29.79%), followed by road traffic accidents 26.74%. \u0000Conclusion:  Majority of cases were in the 3rd decade of life, males outnumbered females. Poisoning and road traffic accidents were the leading cause of death. Public attention, awareness, preventive and remedial strategies should be undertaken to reduce similar incidents.","PeriodicalId":516946,"journal":{"name":"Medico Legal Update","volume":"102 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140985971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near hanging with Multiple Tentative Cuts: A Case Series","authors":"Mohammad Abdurrahman Khan, Manisha Verma, Anoop Kumar Verma","doi":"10.37506/6axdbd65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/6axdbd65","url":null,"abstract":"Suicide is one of the major global health issues specially in countries having low to medium socioeconomic condition. Hanging is method of choice for adults to commit suicide. Near hanging defined as person who survive a hanging injury for enough time to reach hospital. Tentative cut or self-inflicted injury is an intentional and direct injury to own’s body part. It is also known as self-harm, self-wounding, moderate self-mutilation and parasuicide. Various factors responsible for high mortality in near hanging are low systolic blood pressure (<90), injury severity score (ISS) >15, Glassgow coma scale (GCS) <8, hypoxic brain injury on CT scan. Immediate arrival to hospital and aggressive management of near hanging and its complication can improve the final outcome.","PeriodicalId":516946,"journal":{"name":"Medico Legal Update","volume":"60 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends of Hanging Deaths in Vadodara– An Autopsy based Prospective Study","authors":"Aditya B. Itare, Sunil B. Bhatt, Hardik R. Prajapati, Jenish Kacchadia, Devang Dave","doi":"10.37506/3ej0p567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/3ej0p567","url":null,"abstract":"The position of knot (typical/atypical) and type of hanging (complete/partial) play an important role in the causation of death in hanging. Ligature material and ligature mark also provides information regarding manner and cause of death.Total 1803 medicolegal autopsies were performedduring one year study period, out of which 189 (10.48%) cases were of hanging. \u0000In our study, 134 (70.89%) were male and 55 (29.10%) cases were female with male to female ratio of 1:0.4. We observed that in 104 (55.03%) cases the hanging was complete whereas 85 (44.97%) cases the hanging was partial.The typical hanging cases were 62 (32.8%) andatypical hangings cases were 127 (67.2%). Soft ligature materials were used in 143 (75.66%) cases. Hard ligature materials were used in 46 (24.34%) cases.Dupatta, a soft-ligature material mostcommonly used in all cases.","PeriodicalId":516946,"journal":{"name":"Medico Legal Update","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140983460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pattern of Unnatural Mortalities at Tertiary Care at SargujaRegion of Chhattisgarh: A One-Year Retrospective Study","authors":"Prakash Deepak, Kumar Gyanendra, Agrawal Rahul, Xaxa Sanjeev","doi":"10.37506/admrg721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37506/admrg721","url":null,"abstract":" The pattern of unnatural mortalities reflects the prevailing social set-up and mental health status of the region. To understand the magnitude and pattern of unnatural deaths in the Sarguja region of Chhattisgarh, a one-year retrospective study was carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine, RSDKS Government Medical College, Ambikapur, Sarguja. The study revealed a male predominance-affected age group of 21–30 years, followed by 31–40 years, mostly in summer. We found that head injury and polytrauma are major causes of unnatural death; they contribute mainly to traffic accidents.","PeriodicalId":516946,"journal":{"name":"Medico Legal Update","volume":"80 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139963855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}