HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)最新文献

{"title":"Joint Modeling of Incidence of Unfavorable Outcomes and Change in Viral Load Over Time Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy, in Selected Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Hamdi Fekredin Zakaria,&nbsp;Tadesse Awoke Ayele,&nbsp;Sewnet Adem Kebede,&nbsp;Mesfin Menza Jaldo,&nbsp;Bereket Abrham Lajore","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S368373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S368373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Ethiopia, second-line anti-retroviral therapy (ART) for HIV/AIDS patients was started some years ago; however, few studies have reported the unfavorable outcomes of second-line ART. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of unfavorable outcomes and their association with change in viral load among adult HIV/AIDS patients on second-line treatment at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective follow-up study was conducted at selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, on 421 HIV/AIDS patients on second-line ART from 2016 to 2021. Cox proportional hazard models with a linear mixed effect model were jointly modeled using the JM package of R software with time-dependent lagged parameterizations, and a 95% confidence interval was used to select significant variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 89 HIV/AIDS patients developed unfavorable outcomes. The incidence density was 7.48/100 person-years (95% CI: 6.08, 9.2). Secondary and tertiary educational level (AHR=0.47, 95% CI: 0.25, 0.89, and AHR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.72), CD4 count less than 100 cells/mm³ (AHR=2.15, 95% CI: 1.21, 3.83), poor adherence (AHR=3.59, 95% CI: 1.73, 7.49), and TB comorbidity (AHR=2.23, 95% CI: 1.21, 4.14) at the start of second-line ART were significant predictors of incidence of unfavorable outcome. Time-dependent lagged value viral load was significantly associated with the risk of unfavorable outcome (AHR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.63).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the study area, the incidence of an unfavorable outcome of second-line ART was high. Secondary and tertiary educational level, CD4 count less than 100 cells/mm³, poor adherence, and TB comorbidity at the start of second-line ART were significant predictors of incidence of unfavorable outcomes. Thus, strengthening routine viral load measurement, increase patient adherence, intensive counseling, and strong TB screening are needed in the study setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":516943,"journal":{"name":"HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"341-354"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/54/b6/hiv-14-341.PMC9342510.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40668200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated with HIV Risk and Vulnerability Among Injecting Drug Users in Afghanistan: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Ahmad Shekaib Rasikh","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S366970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S366970","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases in Afghanistan is increasing mainly associated with injecting drug use (IDU). This study aimed to explore the risk and vulnerability factors associated with HIV infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) in Afghanistan in order to contribute to improving the response and reversing the concentrated HIV epidemic among this group. A narrative review of the literature was conducted to reach the objective. The modified social ecological model was used as conceptual framework for analysis of the HIV risk and vulnerability factors among IDUs at five levels. At the \"individual level\", the injecting risk behaviors among IDUs such as sharing the injecting equipment and their sexual risk behaviors like unprotected sexual contact with multiple partners identified as immediate factors that put them at risk of HIV infection. At the \"network level\", lack of HIV knowledge and low uptake of the harm reduction services were identified as the factors that increase their vulnerability. At the \"community level\", massive drug production and easy access to illicit drugs, armed conflicts, massive internal and external migration, unemployment and poverty, high stigma and discrimination against IDUs, unsafe injecting locations such as under the bridges; and at the \"public policy level\", punitive drug laws, and weak national political response to HIV and IDU were identified as determinants that add to the IDUs vulnerability to HIV. At the \"stage of epidemic level\", the concentrated HIV epidemic among IDUs in the country poses a potential risk to uninfected IDUs and beyond. In conclusion, the IDUs in Afghanistan are highly at risk and vulnerable to HIV. An informed and multisectoral response is required to control the epidemic. A rapid expansion of the harm reduction interventions is urgently needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":516943,"journal":{"name":"HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"331-339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/d5/hiv-14-331.PMC9329675.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40571948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Predictors of Virological Failure Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy, in Selected Public Hospital of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Retrospective Follow-Up Study.","authors":"Hamdi Fekredin Zakaria,&nbsp;Temam Beshir Raru,&nbsp;Fila Ahmed Hassen,&nbsp;Galana Mamo Ayana,&nbsp;Bedasa Taye Merga,&nbsp;Gebiso Roba Debele,&nbsp;Genet Kiflemariam,&nbsp;Sewnet Adem Kebede,&nbsp;Tadesse Awoke Ayele","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S367677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S367677","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Virological suppression for persons living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) reached 85% at the end of 2018, still falling short of the UNAIDS target of 95%. In Ethiopia, there were studies on treatment failure focusing on viral suppression and immunological failure of ART users, but none of them have addressed virological failure for second-line regimens.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was aimed to estimate the incidence and predictors of virological failure among HIV patients who were switched to second-line ART at the selected public hospitals in Addis Ababa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institutional-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted from September 2018 to January 2021 at public hospitals in Addis Ababa. The sample size was determined by using the Schoenfeld formula. Data entry were done by Epi Data version-4.6.0.0 and exported to R-software version-4.1.0 for analysis. Kaplan-Meier methods were used to compare the survival estimates. Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify predictors of virological failure and model adequacy was checked by using the Cox-Snell residuals plot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall 44 (12.22%) HIV/AIDS patients developed virological failure with incidence density of 3.57/1000 Person-Month (PM) with 95% CI of [2.65-4.79]. Age >45 years (AHR=0.36, 95% CI: 0.12-0.99), CD4 count <100cell/mm³ (AHR=3.02, 95% CI: 1.17-7.78), TB co-infection (AHR=2.48, 95% CI: 1.10-6.33), ATV/r-based second-line regimen (AHR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.11-0.70), and poor adherence at the start of second-line ART (AHR=6.18, 95% CI: 1.93-19.76) were the significant predictors of virological failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high incidence of virological failure was noticed. The rate of virological failure was higher for patients who had poor ART adherence, small CD4count, and TB co-infection. Therefore, targeted HIV care interventions shall be provided to young ages and efforts stepped up to improve adherence to ART, which helps to increase immunity and suppress viral replication. In addition, prevention and early detection of TB co-infection are crucial to the patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":516943,"journal":{"name":"HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"319-329"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/37/93/hiv-14-319.PMC9275424.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40506726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among HIV Infected Patients on Anti-Retroviral Treatment in a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia.","authors":"Esubalew Woldeyes,&nbsp;Henok Fisseha,&nbsp;Hailu Abera Mulatu,&nbsp;Abiy Ephrem,&nbsp;Henok Benti,&nbsp;Mehari Wale Alem,&nbsp;Ahmed Ibrahim Ahmed","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S362459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S362459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anti-retroviral treatment has improved mortality of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients, which is offset by an increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Data regarding prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in HIV infected patients in Ethiopia are very scarce. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CVD risks and associated factors in patients with HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 333 patients with HIV infection, using a modified World Health Organization's stepwise approach to surveillance questionnaire. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurement was done along with biochemical studies. Cardiovascular risk was estimated using Framingham risk score. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between cardiovascular risks and associated factors, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 45 years, and 69.2% were females. Most (80.9%) of the participants had viral load below 50 copies/mL and the mean CD4 count was 579 cells/mm³. Dyslipidemia was the most common risk factor identified in 69.4%, followed by abnormal fasting blood glucose (≥100 mg/dL) in 36.8%. Hypertension was diagnosed in 23.8%, while 22.8% and 11.1% had metabolic syndrome and obesity, respectively. Framingham risk score was low in 95.9%. Male gender, increasing age, high body mass index and previous ART regimen being tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine and nevirapine increased CVD risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Traditional cardiovascular risk factors were high in the population studied. There is a need to raise awareness about the risk factors, and patients should have timely follow-up and care.</p>","PeriodicalId":516943,"journal":{"name":"HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"297-309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/62/f7/hiv-14-297.PMC9211102.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40388419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Nutritional Recovery and Its Predictors Among Undernourished Adult Patients Living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus Attending Anti-Retroviral Therapy at Public Health Facilities in Southwest Ethiopia. A Multicenter Study.","authors":"Soresa Alemu,&nbsp;Sabit Zenu,&nbsp;Dereje Tsegaye","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S366655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S366655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus is one of the factors that contribute to malnutrition. Several initiatives have been launched in Ethiopia to improve HIV patients' nutritional status and achieve early recovery when malnourished patients are found. Despite these efforts, adult HIV patients' malnutrition recovery remains poor.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the time to recovery from undernutrition and associated factors among adult HIV patients on ART at public health facilities in Ilu Aba Bor zone, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institution-based retrospective cohort study of 374 adult HIV patients with undernutrition receiving ART at public health institutions in Southwest Ethiopia was conducted. Data were extracted from the patient's record and entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 before being exported to STATA version 14. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the time to recovery, and the difference in survival time between predictor variables was tested using the Log rank test. Weibull regression models, both bivariable and multivariable, were fitted. A p-value of 0.05 was declared statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The recovery rate was 67.7% and the median recovery time was 65 days (95% CI = 61.6-68.4) and 145 days (95% CI = 130.7-159) for MAM and SAM, respectively. Marital status (Married) (AHR = 0.61; CI = (0.43,0.86)), ART status (pre ART) AHR = 0.492; CI = (0.305,0.793), CD4 (200-350c/m3, AHR = 2.116;CI = (1.447,3.21), type of malnutrition (AHR = 0.22; CI= (0.156,0.307)), ART adherence level (AHR = 3.33, CI = (1.997,5.56)) WHO clinical staging (AHR = 0.685, CI = (0.485,0.948)), sex (male), (AHR = 0.678; CI = (0.509,0.901)) and age (35-54), (AHR = 1.86; CI = (1.408,2.47)) were predictors of recovery time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared to previous studies, the recovery rate was high. SAM, advanced clinical stage, sex, and marital status were all negatively associated with nutritional recovery time, whereas ART adherence, CD4 count, and age were predictors. As a result, a therapeutic feeding program should focus on factors that slow recovery time.</p>","PeriodicalId":516943,"journal":{"name":"HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"285-296"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bd/3f/hiv-14-285.PMC9206438.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40105186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum: Virological and Immunological Antiretroviral Treatment Failure and Predictors Among HIV Positive Adult and Adolescent Clients in Southeast Ethiopia [Corrigendum].","authors":"","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S365500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S365500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/HIV.S354716.].</p>","PeriodicalId":516943,"journal":{"name":"HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"101-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/96/db/hiv-14-101.PMC8933620.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40312462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnant Women's Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards the Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS in Dil Chora Referral Hospital, Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Solomon Cherie,&nbsp;Hailemariam Workie,&nbsp;Teshager Kassie,&nbsp;Aschalew Bitew,&nbsp;Tsion Samuel","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S327904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S327904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>According to a WHO report, HIV/AIDS continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed 36.3 million in 2021 and 37.7 million people living with HIV at the end of 2020, more than two-thirds of whom were in the WHO African Region including sub-Saharan Africa. Among sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia is one of the countries that face an HIV/AIDS epidemic with an estimated 90,000 HIV-positive pregnant women, 14,000 HIV-positive births, 800,000 AIDS orphans, and 28,000 AIDS deaths annually. Thus, this study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women towards the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dil Chora Referral Hospital among 242 pregnant women. The simple random sampling method was used to collect the data and respondents were interviewed face to face by using a standard and structured questionnaire. The quality of the data was assured by questionnaire pretesting, translation, and retranslation. After the collection of the data, each questionnaire was thoroughly reviewed for consistency, and completeness by the data collectors, supervisor, and investigators. Then, the data were inserted into Epi Info v3.5 and analyzed using SPSS v24. Descriptive statistics were employed to examine the findings, and the result was presented using tables, charts, and graphs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two-third (66.7%) of the pregnant women had good knowledge and the remaining one-third (33.3%) had poor knowledge towards mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS and its prevention. A good attitude has been observed among a majority of the respondents (71%) towards the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS. Unlike the above, only half of the pregnant women (50%) had good practice towards the prevention of mothers to child transmission of HIV/AIDS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study found that half of pregnant women (50%) had poor practice and around one-third of them (29%) had negative attitudes towards the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS. Therefore, creating a positive attitude and good practice among pregnant women are the most important components for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS.</p>","PeriodicalId":516943,"journal":{"name":"HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"45-60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/c9/hiv-14-45.PMC8846619.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39641741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Adherence and CD4 Cell Count with Respect to Virologic Failure Among HIV-Infected Adults Under Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) at Felege Hiwot Teaching and Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.","authors":"Awoke Seyoum Tegegne,&nbsp;Mitiku Wale Muluneh,&nbsp;Setegn Bayabil Agegn,&nbsp;Hailegebrael Birhan Biresaw","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S346358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S346358","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medication adherence plays a significant in the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Therefore, the current investigation was conducted with the objective of comparing adherence and CD4 cell count with respect to virologic failure among HIV-infected adults under cART.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study design was conducted on 792 randomly selected HIV-infected adult patients who initiated first-line cART enrolled in the first 10 months of 2012 and followed up to August 2018 by using a simple random sampling technique based on their identification number.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main outcome for the current investigation was the virologic failure which was decreased with successive visits. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for adherence and CD4 cell count change were 0.68 and 0.63 with <i>χ</i> ² = 21.2; <i>p</i>-value <0.001 for the 12-month assessment. Similarly, these areas for the 36th and 60th month assessments were 0.71 and 0.66, with <i>χ</i> ² = 23.2; <i>p</i>-value <0.001, and 0.73 and 0.71 with <i>χ</i> ² = 24.3; <i>p</i>-value <0.001 for adherence and CD4 cell count, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pill count adherence was more accurate compared to CD4 cell count change for assessing virologic responses. Therefore, because of its easy access, simple use, cost-effectiveness, and accuracy, the adherence to cART was in favor of CD4 cell count change for monitoring the healthcare quality of HIV-infected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":516943,"journal":{"name":"HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"33-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ae/cf/hiv-14-33.PMC8818763.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39904140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Non-Adherence and Its Associated Factors Among HIV-Positive Pediatric Patients Attending HIV Care in South Gondar Zone Public Health Facilities, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021.","authors":"Chalie Marew Tiruneh,&nbsp;Tigabu Desie Emiru,&nbsp;Nigusie Selomon Tibebu,&nbsp;Moges Wubneh Abate,&nbsp;Adane Birhanu Nigat,&nbsp;Berihun Bantie,&nbsp;Amsalu Belete,&nbsp;Belete Gelaw Walle,&nbsp;Getasew Legas,&nbsp;Bisrat Dessie Getu","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S352386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S352386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor clinical adherence is the main factor that hinders ART adherence level in children and its ultimate effect on viral load suppression and decreasing morbidity and mortality of children. Although data from different settings are necessary to tackle such types of problems, the pieces of evidence are limited in the case of clinical adherence level. Therefore, this study was intended to assess clinical non-adherence and its associated factors among HIV-infected pediatrics on highly active antiretroviral therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1 to August 30, 2021, among HIV-infected children receiving ART in the South Gondar Zone. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, and reviewing patients' documents using a structured checklist. Data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science version 23 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the association between the factors and the outcome variable. The significance of variables was declared when a p-value was less than 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 422 participants, 383 have involved in the study making the response rate of 90.7%. Almost half of the study participants 190 (49.6%) were girls. Two hundred ninety-one (76%) of caretakers were biological mothers, and 203 (53%) did not have adherence supporters. About 179 (46.7%) of caretakers did not disclose the status of the child about the illness. The overall prevalence of non-adherence among children on ART was 31.9% (95% CI: 27.2-36.6). Rural residency, diagnostic status non-disclosure, no adherence supporter, having no biological caretaker and co-morbid illness were significantly associated with clinical non-adherence of HIV positive children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinical non-adherence among children among HIV-positive children attending care in south Gondar zone health facilities is unacceptably high. Attention shall be given to HIV-positive pediatrics who reside in rural areas, whose status was not disclosed, had no adherence supporter, had a non-biological caretaker, and had comorbidity to have good clinical adherence on ART service.</p>","PeriodicalId":516943,"journal":{"name":"HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/db/a5/hiv-14-23.PMC8809518.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39770203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are the Things Told to Care Providers Kept Confidential?: Perceived Breaches of Confidentiality and Associated Factors Among HIV/AIDS Clients on ART at Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Western Ethiopia, 2021.","authors":"Lami Bayisa,&nbsp;Bizuneh Wakuma,&nbsp;Tesfaye Abera,&nbsp;Diriba Mulisa,&nbsp;Getu Mosisa,&nbsp;Tadesse Tolossa,&nbsp;Ebisa Turi","doi":"10.2147/HIV.S350091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/HIV.S350091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>HIV clients' mistrust in providers' handling of their medical information can be a reason for them not to utilize services. Compromised confidentiality of HIV clients can affect the entire community, as other people may become reluctant to seek HIV testing and counseling. In Ethiopia, there are few data on perceived breaches of confidentiality among HIV/AIDS clients. Thus, this study aimed to assess perceived breaches of confidentiality and associated factors among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on anti-retroviral therapy (ART) at Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Western Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 423 HIV/AIDS clients at Nekemte Specialized Hospital from January 15 to February 20, 2021. Data were collected by an investigator-administered questionnaire. Collected data were entered into EpiData version 3.1, and Stata version 14.0 was used for analysis. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Variables with a <i>P</i>-value of <0.2 in the bivariable analysis were exported to the multivariable analysis. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and <i>P</i>-values of <0.05 were used to report significantly associated variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 423 PLHIV were included in the study. Nearly one-fourth of the respondents (23.60%) had perceived breaches of confidentiality (95% CI 19.8-27.9%). Delayed ART start [(AOR 1.97) 95% CI (1.05-3.71)], being female [(AOR 4.03) 95% CI (2.14-7.59)], being widowed [(AOR 4.11) 95% CI (1.50-11.20)], college education and above [(AOR 10.89) 95% CI (3.93-30.14)], normal BMI [(AOR 2.72) 95% CI (1.06-6.99)], substance use [(AOR 1.93) 95% CI (1.04-3.58)], not knowing other ART user(s) [(AOR 2.89) 95% CI (1.53-5.47)], and CD4 count ≤200 cells/mm³ [(AOR 2.63) 95% CI (1.22-5.68)] were significantly associated variables.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>One in four HIV/AIDS clients reported experiencing perceived breaches of confidentiality. Thus, early ART initiation, further HIV serostatus disclosure, and encouraging patients to decide on the type of care and information they want need to be strengthened in order to reduce breaches of confidentiality.</p>","PeriodicalId":516943,"journal":{"name":"HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.)","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/53/85/hiv-14-1.PMC8769208.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39851412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}