Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series最新文献

{"title":"Analogy as the Swiss Army Knife of Human-like Learning","authors":"Kenneth D. Forbus","doi":"10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31272","url":null,"abstract":"There is ample psychological evidence that analogy is ubiquitous in human learning, suggesting that computational models of analogy can play important roles in AI systems that learn in human-like ways. This talk will provide evidence for this, focusing mostly on recent advances in hierarchical analogical learning and working-memory analogical generalizations.","PeriodicalId":516827,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perception-Dominant Control Types for Human/Machine Systems","authors":"Ted Goranson","doi":"10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31177","url":null,"abstract":"We explore a novel approach to complex domain modelling by emphasising primitives based on perception. The usual approach either focuses on actors or cognition associated with tokens that convey information. In related research, we have examined using effects and/or outcomes as primitives, and influences as the generator of those outcomes via categoric functors. \u0000 That approach (influences, effects) has advantages: it leverages what is known and supports the expanded logics we use, where we want to anticipate and engineer possible futures. But it has weaknesses when placed in a dynamic human-machine system where what is perceived or assumed matters more than what is known. The work reported here builds on previous advances in type specification and reasoning to ‘move the primitives forward’ more toward situation encounter and away from situation understanding. \u0000 The goal is in the context of shared human-machine systems where:\u0000• reaction times are shorter than the traditional ingestion/comprehension/response loop can support;\u0000• situations that are too complex or dynamic for current comprehension by any means;\u0000• there simply is insufficient knowledge about governing situations for the comprehension model to support action; and/or,\u0000• the many machine/human and system/system interfaces that are incapable of conveying the needed insights; that is, the communication channels choke the information or influence flows.\u0000 While the approach is motivated by the above unfriendly conditions, we expect significant benefits. We will explore these but engineer toward a federated decision paradigm where decisions by local human, machine or synthesis are not whole-situation-aware, but that collectively ‘swarm’ locally across the larger system to be more effective, ‘wiser’ than a convention paradigm may produce.\u0000 The supposed implementation strategy will be through extending an existing ‘playbooks as code’ project whose goals are to advise on local action by modelling and gaming complex system dynamics. A sponsoring context is ‘grey zone’ competition that avoids armed conflict, but that can segue to a mixed system course of action advisory. The general context is a costly ‘blue swan’ risk in large commercial and government enterprises.\u0000 The method will focus on patterns and relationships in synthetic categories used to model type transitions within topological models of system influence. One may say this is applied intuitionistic type theory, following mechanisms generally described by synthetic differential geometry. In this context, the motivating supposition of this study is that information-carrying influence channels are best modelled in our challenging domain as perceived types rather than understood types.","PeriodicalId":516827,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical Considerations of Generative AI: A Survey Exploring the Role of Decision Makers in the Loop","authors":"Yohn Jairo Parra Bautista, Carlos Theran, Richard A. Aló","doi":"10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31243","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the foresighted concerns that Norbert Wiener voiced in 1960 about the potential of machines to learn and create strategies that could not be anticipated, drawing parallels to the fable \"The Sorcerer's Apprentice\" by Goethe. The progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has brought these worries back to the forefront, as shown by a survey AI Impacts conducted in 2022 with more than 700 machine learning researchers. This survey found a five percentage probability that advanced AI might cause \"extremely adverse\" outcomes, including the possibility of human extinction. Importantly, the introduction of OpenAI's ChatGPT, powered by GPT-4, has led to a surge in entrepreneurial activities, highlighting the ease of use of large language models (LLMs).AI's potential for adverse outcomes, such as military control and unregulated AI races, is explored alongside concerns about AI's role in governance, healthcare, media portrayal, and surpassing human intelligence. Given their transformative impact on content creation, the prominence of generative AI tools such as ChatGPT is noted. The societal assessment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has grown increasingly intricate and pressing in tandem with the rapid evolution of this technology. As AI continues to advance at a swift pace, the need to comprehensively evaluate its societal implications has become more complex and urgent, necessitating a thorough examination of its potential impact on various domains such as governance, healthcare, media portrayal, and surpassing human intelligence. This assessment is crucial in addressing ethical concerns related to bias, data misuse, technical limitations, and transparency gaps, and in integrating ethical and legal principles throughout AI algorithm lifecycles to ensure alignment with societal well-being. Furthermore, the urgency of addressing the societal implications of AI is underscored by the need for healthcare workforce upskilling and ethical considerations in the era of AI-assisted medicine, emphasizing the critical importance of integrating societal well-being into the development and deployment of AI technologies. Our study entails an examination of the ethical quandaries and obstacles presented when developing methods to evaluate and predict the broader societal impacts of AI on decision-making processes involving the generating of images, videos, and textual content.","PeriodicalId":516827,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faithful Reasoning over Scientific Claims","authors":"N. Tan, Niket Tandon, David Wadden, Oyvind Tafjord, M. Gahegan, Michael Witbrock","doi":"10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31209","url":null,"abstract":"Claim verification in scientific domains requires models that faithfully incorporate relevant knowledge from the ever-growing, vast existing literature. \u0000Unfaithful claim verifications can lead to misinformation such as those observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fact-checking systems often fail to capture the complex relationship between claims and evidence, especially with ambiguous claims and implicit assumptions. Relying only on current LLMs poses challenges due to hallucinations and information traceability issues. To address these challenges, our approach considers multiple viewpoints onto the scientific literature, enabling the assessment of contradictory arguments and implicit assumptions. Our proposed inference method adds faithful reasoning to large language models by distilling information from diverse, relevant scientific abstracts. This method provides a verdict label that can be weighted by the reputation of the scientific articles and an explanation that can be traced back to sources. Our findings demonstrate that humans not only perceive our explanation to be significantly superior to the off-the-shelf model, but they also evaluate it as faithfully enabling the tracing of evidence back to its original sources.","PeriodicalId":516827,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Autonomy: Metacognitive Learning for Enhanced AI Performance","authors":"Brendan Conway-Smith, Robert L. West","doi":"10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31270","url":null,"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) lack robust metacognitive learning abilities and depend on human-provided algorithms and prompts for learning and output generation. Metacognition involves processes that monitor and enhance cognition. Learning how to learn - metacognitive learning - is crucial for adapting and optimizing learning strategies over time. Although LLMs possess limited metacognitive abilities, they cannot autonomously refine or optimize these strategies. Humans possess innate mechanisms for metacognitive learning that enable at least two unique abilities: discerning which metacognitive strategies are best and automatizing learning strategies. These processes have been effectively modeled in the ACT-R cognitive architecture, providing insights on a path toward greater learning autonomy in AI. Incorporating human-like metacognitive learning abilities into AI could potentially lead to the development of more autonomous and versatile learning mechanisms, as well as improved problem-solving capabilities and performance across diverse tasks.","PeriodicalId":516827,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Human-Like Representation Learning for Cognitive Architectures","authors":"Steven Jones, Peter Lindes","doi":"10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31274","url":null,"abstract":"Human-like learning includes an ability to learn concepts from a stream of embodiment sensor data. Echoing previous thoughts such as those from Barsalou that cognition and perception share a common representation system, we suggest an addendum to the common model of cognition. This addendum poses a simultaneous semantic memory and perception learning that bypasses working memory, and that uses parallel processing to learn concepts apart from deliberate reasoning. The goal is to provide a general outline for how to extend a class of cognitive architectures to implement a more human-like interface between cognition and embodiment of an agent, where a critical aspect of that interface is that it is dynamic because of learning.","PeriodicalId":516827,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141122270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Replacing Humans with Large Language Models in Voice-Based Human-in-the-Loop Systems","authors":"Shih-Hong Huang, Ting-Hao 'Kenneth' Huang","doi":"10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31178","url":null,"abstract":"It is easy to assume that Large Language Models (LLMs) will seamlessly take over applications, especially those that are largely automated. In the case of conversational voice assistants, commercial systems have been widely deployed and used over the past decade. However, are we indeed on the cusp of the future we envisioned? There exists a social-technical gap between what people want to accomplish and the actual capability of technology. In this paper, we present a case study comparing two voice assistants built on Amazon Alexa: one employing a human-in-the-loop workflow, the other utilizes LLM to engage in conversations with users. In our comparison, we discovered that the issues arising in current human-in-the-loop and LLM systems are not identical. However, the presence of a set of similar issues in both systems leads us to believe that focusing on the interaction between users and systems is crucial, perhaps even more so than focusing solely on the underlying technology itself. Merely enhancing the performance of the workers or the models may not adequately address these issues. This observation prompts our research question: What are the overlooked contributing factors in the effort to improve the capabilities of voice assistants, which might not have been emphasized in prior research?","PeriodicalId":516827,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-Like Learning of Social Reasoning via Analogy","authors":"Irina Rabkina","doi":"10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31284","url":null,"abstract":"Neurotypical adult humans are impeccably good social reasoners. Despite the occasional faux pas, we know how to interact in most social settings and how to consider others' points of view. Young children, on the other hand, do not. Social reasoning, like many of our most important skills, is learned. \u0000\u0000Much like human children, AI agents are not good social reasoners. While some algorithms can perform some aspects of social reasoning, we are a ways off from AI that can interact naturally and appropriately in the broad range of settings that people can. In this talk, I will argue that learning social reasoning via the same processes used by people will help AI agents reason--and interact--more like people do. Specifically, I will argue that children learn social reasoning via analogy, and that AI agents should, too. I will present evidence from cognitive modeling experiments demonstrating the former and AI experiments demonstrating the latter. I will also propose future directions for social reasoning research that both demonstrate the need for robust, human-like social reasoning in AI and test the utility of common approaches.","PeriodicalId":516827,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion Ethics in AI: Use Cases in African Fashion","authors":"Christelle Scharff, James Brusseau, K. Bathula, Kaleemunnisa Fnu, Samyak Rakesh Meshram, Om Gaikhe","doi":"10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31266","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the ethics of inclusion in artificial in-telligence in the context of African fashion. Despite the proliferation of fashion-related AI applications and da-tasets global diversity remains limited, and African fash-ion is significantly underrepresented. This paper docu-ments two use-cases that enhance AI's inclusivity by in-corporating sub-Saharan fashion elements. The first case details the creation of a Senegalese fashion dataset and a model for classifying traditional apparel using transfer learning. The second case investigates African wax textile patterns generated through generative adversarial net-works (GANs), specifically StyleGAN architectures, and machine learning diffusion models. Alongside the practi-cal, technological advances, theoretical ethical progress is made in two directions. First, the cases are used to elabo-rate and define the ethics of inclusion, while also contrib-uting to current debates about how inclusion differs from ethical fairness. Second, the cases engage with the ethical debate on whether AI innovation should be slowed to prevent ethical imbalances or accelerated to solve them.","PeriodicalId":516827,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Criterion Client Selection for Efficient Federated Learning","authors":"Mehreen Tahir, Muhammad Intizar Ali","doi":"10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v3i1.31227","url":null,"abstract":"Federated Learning (FL) has received tremendous attention as a decentralized machine learning (ML) framework that allows distributed data owners to collaboratively train a global model without sharing raw data. Since FL trains the model directly on edge devices, the heterogeneity of participating clients in terms of data distribution, hardware capabilities and network connectivity can significantly impact the overall performance of FL systems. Optimizing for model accuracy could extend the training time due to the diverse and resource-constrained nature of edge devices while minimizing training time could compromise the model's accuracy. Effective client selection thus becomes crucial to ensure that the training process is not only efficient but also capitalizes on the diverse data and computational capabilities of different devices. To this end, we propose FedPROM, a novel framework that tackles client selection in FL as a multi-criteria optimization problem. By leveraging the PROMETHEE method, FedPROM ranks clients based on their suitability for a given FL task, considering multiple criteria such as system resources, network conditions, and data quality. This approach allows FedPROM to dynamically select the most appropriate set of clients for each learning round, optimizing both model accuracy and training efficiency. Our evaluations on diverse datasets demonstrate that FedPROM outperforms several state-of-the-art FL client selection protocols in terms of convergence speed, and accuracy, highlighting the framework's effectiveness and the importance of multi-criteria client selection in FL.","PeriodicalId":516827,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141119064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}