{"title":"A paper tiger in the fog of governance: Norway's riddle in biodiversity matters","authors":"Esmeralda Colombo","doi":"10.1111/reel.12526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12526","url":null,"abstract":"Effective biodiversity protection is generally associated with a strict rule of law and democratic participation in environmental decision making. Norway's exceptional ranking in terms of governance, however, has failed to be a predictor of effective biodiversity protection. Through a systematic review of the main regulatory frameworks relevant to protecting biodiversity in Norway, this article analyses the misconceptions, perverse incentives and institutional bottlenecks that lie at the centre of the problem. The analysis finds three overarching barriers that regulatory frameworks have created to the effective protection and promotion of biodiversity in Norway, namely, a governance system based on diffuse legal obligations and responsibilities, excessive trust in private operators and considerable discretion to local entities. Accordingly, this article proposes three enabling factors, and related reform suggestions, for mitigating such barriers and domesticating earth system governance in biodiversity matters.","PeriodicalId":51681,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Comparative & International Environmental Law","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138688401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Mendes, Lorena Martínez Hernández, Léa Badoz, Lydia Slobodian, João E. Rabaça
{"title":"Towards a legal definition of ecological restoration: Reviewing international, European and Member States' case law","authors":"Ana Mendes, Lorena Martínez Hernández, Léa Badoz, Lydia Slobodian, João E. Rabaça","doi":"10.1111/reel.12476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12476","url":null,"abstract":"Ecological restoration is of crucial importance to mitigate the impact of human activity on the environment and preserve biodiversity and ecosystem services. Therefore, the concept of restoration is at the core of international and European Union (EU) environmental policy and governance. This article seeks to shed light on this concept in international and European case law. To this end, it reviews the definition, objectives and scope of restoration according to international scientific standards. It further distinguishes restoration from other related terms such as compensation, mitigation, conservation and rehabilitation. The article then analyses judgements rendered by the International Court of Justice, the Court of Justice of the EU and EU Member States' courts pertaining to restoration. It concludes that there are wide discrepancies in the use of the term restoration by the judiciary, in particular with regard to objectives, baselines and reference conditions. In light of these conclusions, the authors support the adoption of a legal definition of restoration.","PeriodicalId":51681,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Comparative & International Environmental Law","volume":"480 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Displacing the human? Foucauldian analyses of the Convention on Biological Diversity","authors":"Phillip Paiement","doi":"10.1111/reel.12441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12441","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51681,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Comparative & International Environmental Law","volume":"357 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Megafauna restoration as a legal obligation: International biodiversity law and the rehabilitation of large mammals in Europe","authors":"Arie Trouwborst, Jens-Christian Svenning","doi":"10.1111/reel.12443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12443","url":null,"abstract":"Restoring functional ecosystems in Europe inter alia requires restoring large mammal (megafauna) diversity and densities to levels well above the current downgraded state, which results from a human-driven wave of megafauna extinctions and extirpations in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. Combining law and natural science, we address the question to what degrees international legal instruments support or require such megafauna rewilding efforts. We provide an overview of Europe's current megafauna plus those species that would likely have been present without human interference. We categorize these species and restoration scenarios in ways that make sense from a legal perspective and identify and interpret relevant legal instruments. Our analysis indicates that Article 8(f) of the Convention on Biological Diversity requires restoring the diversity and densities of Europe's megafauna as far as possible—which is indeed quite far. Depending on the circumstances, megafauna rewilding measures can also be required or supported by various other legal instruments at global, pan-European, European Union and other levels.","PeriodicalId":51681,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Comparative & International Environmental Law","volume":"357 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138504545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romina Schaller, Till Markus, Klaas Korte, E. Gawel
{"title":"Atmospheric CO\u0000 2\u0000 as a resource for renewable energy production: A European energy law appraisal of direct air capture fuels","authors":"Romina Schaller, Till Markus, Klaas Korte, E. Gawel","doi":"10.1111/reel.12434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/reel.12434","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51681,"journal":{"name":"Review of European Comparative & International Environmental Law","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84760530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}