A. V. Zhigalin, A. Gadzhiev, B. A. Mutashev, A. Alekseev
{"title":"Features of the ecology of Rhinolophus mehelyi (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) during hibernation in the north‐east of the Caucasus","authors":"A. V. Zhigalin, A. Gadzhiev, B. A. Mutashev, A. Alekseev","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-5","url":null,"abstract":"The cave was surveyed and the animals were counted 1–2 times a month. Microclimatic indicators were recorded by automatic loggers.During the research, it was found that the place of hibernation of R. mehelyi in the north‐east of the area is the Karabudakhkentskaya Cave. The minimum, maximum and average temperatures in the cave during the wintering period of R. mehelyi are equal: 6.9 oC, 15.6 oC and 12.4 oC accordingly. The minimum humidity was 89.1 %, the maximum was 98.2 % and the average was 92.7 %. It was found that the temperature inside the shelter affects the number of individuals in the visible part of the cave and the formation of individual groupings. In addition, there is an increase in the number of individuals in April before the start of migration.It was found that humidity does not affect the movement of the species inside the cave, but temperature is a factor determining the movement of animals and their crowding. Thus, to accurately record the number of species, which is important for carrying out environmental measures, it is necessary to take into account both indicators – temperature and time of research.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"7 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. E. Ekushov, A. V. Totmenin, L. G. Gotfrid, M. R. Halikov, V.-V. V. Minikhanova, S. Skudarnov, T. S. Ostapova, N. M. Gashnikova
{"title":"Genetic diversity of hepatitis C virus and the prevalence of resistance mutations to NS5A inhibitors in the Krasnoyarsk region","authors":"V. E. Ekushov, A. V. Totmenin, L. G. Gotfrid, M. R. Halikov, V.-V. V. Minikhanova, S. Skudarnov, T. S. Ostapova, N. M. Gashnikova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-4","url":null,"abstract":"To research the molecular genetic characteristics of the HCV population circulating among HIV‐infected residents of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, including analysis of resistance‐associated mutations to NS5A inhibitors. Total RNA was isolated from 94 blood plasma samples from HIV/HCVinfected residents of the region and the nucleotide sequences of the Core/E1 gene and NS5A gene regions were obtained and deciphered, which were used for genotyping and searching for resistance mutations.In the HCV samples studied, the circulation of five virus subtypes was recorded: 1b (47,9 %), 3a (37,2 %), 1a (10,6 %), 2a (3,2 %) and 2k (1,1 %). Phylogenetic analysis of HCVs revealed partial clustering within subtypes 1a and 3a on a territorial basis. HCV subtypes 1b, 2a and 2k were grouped with other HCVs previously isolated in Russia, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. Among the HCVs studied, no clusters were found that were common to HIV‐infected individuals with the same route of infection. Among patients who had no experience of taking DAAs, HCV resistance mutations in the NS5A region were found in 42,3 % of cases for those infected with subtype 3a virus and in 75,6 % of cases for those infected with HCV subtype 1b.The analysis of the diversity and occurrence of mutations of HCV drug resistance to direct antiviral drugs is extremely important for the development of tactics for effective treatment of CHC. The high prevalence of polymorphic mutations that affect sensitivity to DAAs indicates the relevance of introducing HCV resistance analysis into clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"53 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Grigoryan, K. Balayan, M. Z. Magomedova, P. D. Magomedova, V. Hayrapetyan
{"title":"New species of the genus Calycomyza Hendel (Diptera, Agromyzidae) in the South Caucasus fauna","authors":"N. Grigoryan, K. Balayan, M. Z. Magomedova, P. D. Magomedova, V. Hayrapetyan","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-7","url":null,"abstract":"To study the diversity of agromizids (leaf miners) in the South Caucasus, the species external morphological features, their host plants, the development of larvae and pupae and to assess the degree of crop infestation by leaf‐miners.The study was carried out within the framework of the scs 21‐002 scientific program “Leaf miners as pests of agricultural plants (Diptera: Agromyzidae): the latest control measures”. Type samples were fixed in 75 % ethyl alcohol and deposited in the Agrarian Scientific Research Laboratory of the Scientific Centre of Zoology and Hydroecology. Species were identified by examining the male genitalia. The degree of damage of the host–plant was determined based on intensity indicators.As a result of this research, a new species of the Calycomyza genus was discovered in the South Caucasus fauna. Larvae of C. jucunda (Wulp, 1867) were found on the leaves of Beta vulgaris, a host plant mentioned for the first time here. As a Nearctic species, it was also first discovered in the southern Caucasus.The study of the male genitalia indicates expansion of the biogeographical distribution of Calycomyza species, as most of them are found in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. In terms of intensity, C. jucunda is classified as a less dangerous species for agricultural crops.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. V. Nikiforova, S. R. Kosobokova, A. N. Marmilov, D. I. Shabanov, E. A. Medvedeva, N. I. Rabazanov, E. A. Sokolskaya
{"title":"Transformation of the relief of the southern Astrakhan region (Russia) after the expansion of agricultural land at the beginning of the last century","authors":"Z. V. Nikiforova, S. R. Kosobokova, A. N. Marmilov, D. I. Shabanov, E. A. Medvedeva, N. I. Rabazanov, E. A. Sokolskaya","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-17","url":null,"abstract":"To establish the causes and consequences of changes in the relief of the southern Astrakhan region in the period 1900–1970.Comparison of cartographic materials of past years with data in recent satellite remote sensing images. The materials were superimposed on a geoformation program: then the hydrological elements of the relief and the Baer hills were outlined and measured for the purpose of quantitative and qualitative analysis of changes in the territory (before and after reclamation works and the currently existing relief).The analysis of the materials revealed a significant transformation of the relief, which has served as an impetus for the development of a semidesert zone in this area.The work carried out revealed the anthropogenic impact on the relief through which most of the territory was subject to drainage as a result of reclamation works to increase in arable land.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"58 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. V. Ivanova, O. A. Stokolos, E. S. Demidenko, V. N. Koshelev
{"title":"Study of structural parameters of petroleum acids and analysis of their possible negative impact on the environment","authors":"L. V. Ivanova, O. A. Stokolos, E. S. Demidenko, V. N. Koshelev","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-8","url":null,"abstract":"Study of the structural parameters of petroleum acids isolated from oil from the Priozernoye field and analysis of their possible negative impact on the environment.The object of the study is and naphthenic acids isolated from the oil of the Priozernoye field. The research was carried out using modern instrumental methods: gas‐liquid chromatography, IR‐spectroscopy, 13C NMR, 1H NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.The high degree of oxidation of the oil studied was confirmed. Extraction with dichloromethane and subsequent analysis of the organic extract using IR‐Fourier spectrometry proved that part of the petroleum acids entered the aqueous phase, which poses a serious threat to the biological diversity of this region. The structural parameters of “medium” molecules of petroleum acids isolated by leaching from three distillate fractions of this oil have been established. It is shown that the products isolated during leaching have a molecular weight of 294–574 amu and contain from 20 to 40 carbon atoms, most of which are part of the naphthenic structures. Along with petroleum acids, leaching products include hydrocarbons.Comparison of the structural parameters of the products isolated from the fractions of the studied oil with the data in the scientific literature allows us to qualify the acids contained in the oil of the Priozernoye field as being substances with high toxicity, which requires finding ways to solve the problem of ensuring the environmental safety of this region.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. I. Каzachinskaia, L. Zibareva, E. S. Filonenko, A. V. Ivanova, Yu. V. Коnonova, А. A. Chepurnov, A. M. Shestopalov
{"title":"Investigation of the inhibitory activity of extracts, fractions and secondary metabolites of Silene spp. (Caryophylaceae) and Serratula cupuliformis (Asteraceae) on the «entry» of herpes simplex type 2 into sensitive cells of the Vero line","authors":"E. I. Каzachinskaia, L. Zibareva, E. S. Filonenko, A. V. Ivanova, Yu. V. Коnonova, А. A. Chepurnov, A. M. Shestopalov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-3","url":null,"abstract":"In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts, fractions and secondary metabolites of plants of the genus Silene (Caryophylaceae) and Serratula cupuliformis (Asteraceae) to the «entry» of herpes simplex type 2 (HSV‐2) into sensitive cells of the Vero line.Ethanol extracts and butanol fractions of Silene spp. and Serratula cupuliformis were prepared. The flavonoid shaftoside and the ecdysteroid 20‐hydroxyecdysone from Lychnis chalcedonica were isolated. For analysis of biologically active substances (BAS) the HPLC method was used. The samples were dissolved in distilled water or DMSO. The laboratory strain MS HSV‐2 was grown on Vero cell culture. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of the herbal preparations on «entry» of HSV‐2 was performed in Vero cell culture by direct inactivation (neutralisation) of virions with 103 PFU /ml.Effective concentrations (EC50) have been identified in the range of 50 % from 2.12±0.47 to 180.99±49.24 μg/ml when preparations were dissolved in water and from 1.99±0.44 to 57.42±14.74 μg/ml when they were dissolved in DMSO. Such results for some samples is comparable to the EC50 of comparison preparations (dry ethanol extracts of spice of cloves, chaga and licorice root). The results obtained suggest the presence of BAS in the herbal preparations studied that act destructively on HSV‐2 virions and affect one of the main stages of its «life» cycle – the «entry» of the virus into sensitive cells.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Features of financial support for environmental projects in the green economy","authors":"N. Gadzhiev, A. M. Pleshakov","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-14","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the main forms, methods and problems of financing environmental projects within the framework of the functioning of the green economy, taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the domestic financial system. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that achieving the main parameters of the declared green economic course is impossible without the use of the most progressive forms, methods and instruments of financial support for environmental projects. The purpose of the work is to study the theoretical aspects of financial support for environmental projects in the Russian Federation, contributing to the transition to a green economic course and increasing efficiency in the implementation of these projects.When conducting the study, general scientific methods of cognition were used: – dialectical materialism, inspection observation; methods of economic and statistical analysis, comparison and generalization were used to generalise domestic and foreign experience in the financial support of environmental projects.Having studied the features of financial support for the green economy, the team of authors concluded that there is a predominance of state financing of investment projects in the field of ecology, while the mechanism of public‐private partnership in fact does not function at the proper level and private investments in environmental projects are unattractive from the standpoint of profitability and profitability. Currently, the volume of financing for the transition to the “green deal” is at the level of 20–25% of the required need for the implementation of an ambitious project: in this regard it is necessary to search for ways aimed at increasing the efficiency of financing the green economy.The authors studied the features of financial support for environmental projects in the green economy. Financing problems are identified and recommendations for solving them are given.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"8 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modernization of the organizational structure of the North Caucasus tourism cluster","authors":"T. A. Hubaev, O. R. Tegetaeva","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-16","url":null,"abstract":"To develop a modernized model of the architecture of the tourist cluster of the North Caucasus Federal District in modern economic realities, taking into account the multifaceted tourism potential of the territory, including opportunities for the development of skiing tourism, as well as sanatorium‐resort recreation with a combination of business visits, cultural and historical excursions, organisation of sports, events and other niche types of tourism. The study was carried out by modeling based on the analysis of data on the natural, historical, socio‐cultural features of the North Caucasus, as well as on the assessment of socio‐economic indicators of the tourism industry over the past five years.The study indicates that for the effective development and promotion of the tourist cluster of the North Caucasus Federal District, it is necessary to expand the range of services provided from homogeneous skiing tourism to multidirectional initiatives, combining the synergetic effect of deepening technological ties and cooperation of residents of the tourist cluster regions.The introduction of a matrix model of a tourism cluster of the North Caucasus in the management of the activities and marketing promotion of the tourism industry in the southern region of Russia would make the North Caucasus an outstanding centre of tourist attraction, a worthy competitor of world tourist resorts.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140732580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk management of emergency situations caused by flooding of built‐up mountain areas","authors":"E. Arefyeva, I. Oltyan, Yu V. Prus","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-19","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research work is to develop scientific approaches to solving the problem of increasing the sustainability of urbanised territories through flexible regulation of the groundwater regime. The development of a management solution for flexible regulation is carried out on the basis of the application of methods for solving problems of incorrectness.Materials for the study were data from the study of dangerous hydrogeological processes, systematised, among other matters, based on the results of monitoring natural emergencies at the Research Institute for Civil Defense and Emergency Situations. The approach proposed by the authors is based on the application of a set of methods, including methods of: system analysis, forecasting, numerical modeling, followed by the development of an optimal management solution of emergency situations at the municipal level.As a result of the numerical modeling carried out in the work, the variants of drainage systems and their operating mode are determined within the framework of the implementation of the proposed approach in the simulation mode. This makes it possible to increase the level o f environmental safety of historically developed built‐up areas, including mountainous ones.The article presents a new approach to managing the risk of emergencies in case of flooding of buildings and structures in built‐up mountainous territories, including historical territories. In such territories, the watered soil preserves the cultural layer, which determines the need for flexible regulation of the groundwater regime. The results of the study are used in carrying out research work of the State Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GOChS) on the study of dangerous hydrogeological processes and their impact on the environment, life safety, stability of the functioning of economic facilities, monitoring and forecasting of natural emergencies.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Closed‐loop economics in waste management: financing procedures and results","authors":"R. I. Yabbarova","doi":"10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2024-1-15","url":null,"abstract":"To analyze the procedure and main results of financial support for the implementation of a closed‐cycle economy in the subjects of the Russian Federation.Statistical data and strategic planning documents. The method of analysing the legal and regulatory framework and statistical reporting, as well as the structure of the federal budget, were used. The study is also based on the application of methods of comparison and contrast, grouping, historical and factor analysis.The key role of the state in the creation and effective functioning of the integrated system of solid municipal waste management (MSWM) is determined by the ability to concentrate the necessary financial resources and guarantee uniform standards and requirements for system participants to achieve the stated goals of the closed cycle economy (CCE). Uniform standards and requirements for system participants must be guaranteed to achieve the stated objectives of the closed cycle economy (CCE). This is confirmed by the results of the financing of the TCO management system for 2019–2023, when the federal budget financed activities to the amount of 42.3 billion rubles. For the purposes of the federal EZC project, 8.6 billion rubles were allocated. It is important to ensure off‐budget financing of these activities and modernization of domestic enterprises, for which the use of secondary raw materials is available and economically feasible. The priority of measures to implement CCE in the Russian Federation is financial support for the creation and development of infrastructure for waste collection and recycling.The processes on improvement of the regulatory and legal framework and personnel training are related to the need to implement a \"top‐down\" approach, which determines the centralisation of decision‐making and the efficiency of attracting extrabudgetary funds dominating in the financial support of the functioning of the TCO management system and implementation of CCE.","PeriodicalId":516742,"journal":{"name":"South of Russia: ecology, development","volume":"58 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140733355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}