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Limited Scopes of Repair: Black Reparations Strategies and the Constraints of Local Redress Policy 有限的修复范围：黑人赔偿战略与地方补偿政策的制约因素
RSF Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2024.10.3.08
Elizabeth Jordie Davies, Jenn M. Jackson, David J. Knight
{"title":"Limited Scopes of Repair: Black Reparations Strategies and the Constraints of Local Redress Policy","authors":"Elizabeth Jordie Davies, Jenn M. Jackson, David J. Knight","doi":"10.7758/RSF.2024.10.3.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2024.10.3.08","url":null,"abstract":"We consider two local reparations cases—the Evanston Restorative Housing Program and Chicago reparations for police torture survivors. We argue that the programs are shaped by the differing political opportunities, the local context, and the social location of their advocates given that one was constructed within government systems in Evanston and the other largely by grassroots organizers in Chicago. Furthermore, both programs are criticized to varying degrees as being exclusive in their design and implementation. We term this exclusion a process of deliberative marginalization, whereby some of the most vulnerable and most directly affected beneficiaries of a redress initiative are left out of deliberations and implementation decisions about the initiative’s design. Subsequently, this study shows both the promise and constraints of reparations policy at the level of local government.","PeriodicalId":516617,"journal":{"name":"RSF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141415642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Makes a Reparation Successful? A Discussion to Inform Design of Reparations to Black Americans 怎样的赔偿才算成功？美国黑人赔偿设计参考讨论
RSF Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2024.10.2.03
Kathryn Anne Edwards, Lisa Berdie, Jonathan W. Welburn
{"title":"What Makes a Reparation Successful? A Discussion to Inform Design of Reparations to Black Americans","authors":"Kathryn Anne Edwards, Lisa Berdie, Jonathan W. Welburn","doi":"10.7758/RSF.2024.10.2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2024.10.2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Reparations policies that seek to make amends for a harm incurred face exigent challenges. In this article we focus on what makes reparations successful and what policy components are necessary, if not sufficient, for success. To study the success of reparations policy design we employ a case study approach. Our analysis investigates the motivation, design, implementation, and impact of past policies to understand what has been successful or unsuccessful within each component of the policy in each historical case. Ultimately, our discussion identifies patterns in the creation and execution of reparations policy that offer important considerations for policies that would provide reparations to Black Americans.","PeriodicalId":516617,"journal":{"name":"RSF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Politics of Expedience: Evanston, Illinois, and the Fight for Reparations 权宜之计：伊利诺伊州埃文斯顿和争取赔偿的斗争
RSF Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2024.10.3.06
Monique Newton, Matthew D. Nelsen
{"title":"The Politics of Expedience: Evanston, Illinois, and the Fight for Reparations","authors":"Monique Newton, Matthew D. Nelsen","doi":"10.7758/RSF.2024.10.3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2024.10.3.06","url":null,"abstract":"In March 2021, the city council in Evanston, Illinois, began distributing reparations funds to Black residents in the form of $25,000 housing grants. In doing so, Evanston became the first city in the United States to provide publicly funded reparations to Black people for generations of racist policies, including redlining. Why did the reparations program first emerge in Evanston? This article provides an in-depth look at the politics of the policy design process and describes the unique political circumstances that allowed this historic policy to pass with near-unanimous support. As communities throughout the United States consider how to deliver reparations to Black Americans, the debate over Evanston’s ordinance serves as a cautionary tale for how ambitious historic policies may become watered down when political expedience trumps the political insights of Black residents.","PeriodicalId":516617,"journal":{"name":"RSF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141400887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Black Reparations in the United States, 2024: An Introduction 2024 年美国的黑人赔偿：导言
RSF Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2024.10.2.01
William Darity, Thomas Craemer, D. Berry, Dania V. Francis
{"title":"Black Reparations in the United States, 2024: An Introduction","authors":"William Darity, Thomas Craemer, D. Berry, Dania V. Francis","doi":"10.7758/RSF.2024.10.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2024.10.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"This introduction seeks to perform two tasks: it provides a roadmap for readers yet to be initiated into the reparations dialogue and provides fresh insights for those already well versed in it. Reparations are a program of acknowledgment, redress, and closure for a grievous injustice. This edition deals with reparations for black Americans whose ancestors were enslaved in the United States for government policies that allowed centuries of chattel slavery and legal race discrimination. The articles in this double issue represent the most up-to-date rigorous social science, policy, and historical research on the topic. This introduction discusses the world history of reparations efforts and the history of movements for black reparations in the United States; compares various plans for black American reparations, including various monetary estimation approaches; and discusses who should pay and what form payments ought to take. It closes by looking toward the future of the black American reparations movement.","PeriodicalId":516617,"journal":{"name":"RSF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141405429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Racial-Ethnic Heterogeneity in the Relationship Between an Early Elementary School ADHD Diagnosis and Later Child Well-Being 小学早期多动症诊断与儿童日后福祉之间关系的种族-民族异质性
RSF Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.09
Jayanti Owens, Xinyan Cao
{"title":"Racial-Ethnic Heterogeneity in the Relationship Between an Early Elementary School ADHD Diagnosis and Later Child Well-Being","authors":"Jayanti Owens, Xinyan Cao","doi":"10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is America’s most common childhood disorder. Although an ADHD diagnosis can bring positives, recent research uncovers potential negatives associated with diagnosis. This study examines understudied racial-ethnic heterogeneity in the relationships between an early elementary school ADHD diagnosis—with or without medication treatment—and children’s future perceived self-competence, teacher-rated school behaviors, and parent-rated educational expectations. Findings are consistent with the notion that diagnosis can trigger racialized patterns of stigma. That is, relative to undiagnosed matches of the same social class and regardless of medication use, diagnosed Black children demonstrate worse teacher-rated school behaviors, diagnosed White children report poorer perceived self-competence, and parents of diagnosed Hispanic children report poorer educational expectations. Racialized patterns of stigma might amplify the consequences of negative-ability stereotyping on Black children, academic pressure on White children, and mental health stigma on Hispanic children. Findings also highlight the challenges of identification posed by differential unobserved selection into diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":516617,"journal":{"name":"RSF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139640722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Exploring the Trade-Off Between Surviving and Thriving: Heterogeneous Responses to Adversity and Disruptive Events Among Disadvantaged Black Youth 探索生存与发展之间的权衡：处境不利的黑人青年对逆境和破坏性事件的不同反应
RSF Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.05
Stefanie DeLuca, Nicholas W. Papageorge, Joseph L. Boselovic
{"title":"Exploring the Trade-Off Between Surviving and Thriving: Heterogeneous Responses to Adversity and Disruptive Events Among Disadvantaged Black Youth","authors":"Stefanie DeLuca, Nicholas W. Papageorge, Joseph L. Boselovic","doi":"10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines heterogeneity in adverse events and conditions and how low-income African American young adults respond. Although nearly all individuals in the sample report at least one instance of adversity, the nature and frequency of adversity varies, as do the responses. Some individuals see their lives and plans derailed; others engage in more protective strategies. For still others, adversity presents a difficult trade-off between surviving and thriving. We formalize this trade-off as an extension of a basic model of costly human capital investments. The model shows that a rational, fully informed individual facing this brutal trade-off, in an effort to survive the fallout of adversity, may optimally choose not to make high-return investments that promote thriving in the future. Improved policy design would recognize this type of trade-off.","PeriodicalId":516617,"journal":{"name":"RSF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Heterogeneous Household Change Among Children 儿童家庭变化的异质性
RSF Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.04
Kristin L Perkins
{"title":"Heterogeneous Household Change Among Children","authors":"Kristin L Perkins","doi":"10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"Family instability has negative consequences, on average, for child and adolescent behavior, cognitive scores, and educational attainment. Beyond changes involving parents, many children experience household changes involving extended family and nonrelatives. These children are less likely to graduate from high school and complete some college than those who experience no such changes. Research finds small or insignificant negative consequences of these changes among Black children. I estimate heterogeneous effects of household changes involving parents, extended family, and nonrelatives on educational attainment among Black children based on the likelihood of such changes. Black children least likely to experience changes experience stronger negative effects on educational attainment than those moderately and most likely to do so. Black children who are least and moderately likely may be more negatively affected in terms of some college completion relative to Black children who are most likely to experience this type of household change.","PeriodicalId":516617,"journal":{"name":"RSF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140525239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Politics Matter: How Political Experience Mitigates Learning Losses Caused by Natural Disasters 政治很重要：政治经验如何减轻自然灾害造成的学习损失
RSF Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.08
Manuel Alcaino, Pablo Argote
{"title":"Politics Matter: How Political Experience Mitigates Learning Losses Caused by Natural Disasters","authors":"Manuel Alcaino, Pablo Argote","doi":"10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Growing evidence warns about the detrimental effects of the stress induced by natural disasters on learning outcomes. Yet less is known about how political leadership could mitigate the adverse exposure to these events. Exploiting a natural experiment—the massive 2010 earthquake in Chile—as an exogenous shock and using fine-grained student data, we find that school disruption has a short and long-term impact on students’ test scores. Moreover, our results indicate that learning losses were more pronounced in municipalities with a first-term mayor, in contrast to a nonsignificant effect in municipalities with a reelected one. We show that one of the pathways accounting for these effects is the ability of experienced bureaucrats to mobilize educational resources, highlighting the relevance of managerial capacities in times of crisis.","PeriodicalId":516617,"journal":{"name":"RSF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140519164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Do Consequences of Parental Job Displacement for Infant Health Vary Across Local Economic Contexts? 父母工作调动对婴儿健康的影响是否因当地经济环境而异？
RSF Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.03
A. Baranowska-Rataj, Björn Högberg, Jonas Voßemer
{"title":"Do Consequences of Parental Job Displacement for Infant Health Vary Across Local Economic Contexts?","authors":"A. Baranowska-Rataj, Björn Högberg, Jonas Voßemer","doi":"10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the consequences of parental job displacement for birth outcomes and investigates how the effects vary with regional unemployment rates. We use Swedish register data and exploit plausibly exogenous variation caused by workplace closure to reduce the bias related to reverse causality and confounding. The differences in birth outcomes between children of parents who experienced job displacement and children of parents who were not displaced turn out to be quite modest. Even in the most disadvantaged regions, with the highest unemployment rates, parental job displacement is not harmful for health at birth. We relate these findings to the institutional setting in Sweden and discuss policy implications for the United States.","PeriodicalId":516617,"journal":{"name":"RSF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Stepping In and Stepping Away: Variation in How Children Navigate Responsibilities Stemming from Paternal Incarceration 介入和退出：父亲入狱后子女如何承担责任的差异
RSF Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.06
Kristin Turney, Amy Gong Liu, Estéfani Marín
{"title":"Stepping In and Stepping Away: Variation in How Children Navigate Responsibilities Stemming from Paternal Incarceration","authors":"Kristin Turney, Amy Gong Liu, Estéfani Marín","doi":"10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7758/RSF.2024.10.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Despite reasons to believe that paternal incarceration has heterogeneous consequences for children, little research explores the processes underlying variation in children’s responses to this adverse event. We use data from the Jail and Family Life Study, an in-depth interview study of incarcerated fathers and their family members (including their children), to understand the heterogeneous processes linking paternal incarceration to children’s well-being. Children commonly reported that their father’s incarceration restructured their lives by altering their emotional and instrumental responsibilities. Within each of these domains, though, children expressed considerable variation in their responses, with some children seamlessly stepping into new responsibilities stemming from paternal incarceration and other children, especially older children who had witnessed their fathers’ frequent entanglements with the criminal legal system, consciously stepping away from these responsibilities. These findings illustrate the range of responses that children have to paternal incarceration, shedding light on processes that have not been observed in survey research.","PeriodicalId":516617,"journal":{"name":"RSF","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140519007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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