Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases最新文献

{"title":"The waiting game: autoamputation of ischemic lower limbs in non-operative management.","authors":"Vasileios Leivaditis, Francesk Mulita, Konstantinos Nikolakopoulos, Konstantinos Tasios, Chrysanthi Papageorgopoulou, Kate Tabaku, Elias Liolis, Andreas Antzoulas, Dimitrios Litsas, Panagiotis Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Ioannis Boucharas, Vasiliki Karakoida, George Theofanis, Tamas Büki, Manfred Dahm, Spyros Papadoulas","doi":"10.5114/amsad/216114","DOIUrl":"10.5114/amsad/216114","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516556,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases","volume":"11 ","pages":"e12-e16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13248748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148221339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of visfatin, lipocalin-2, adiponectin, and chemerin in breast cancer and their association with clinicopathological parameters.","authors":"Levan Tchabashvili, Vasileios Leivaditis, Helen Papadaki, Konstantina-Soultana Kitsou, Vasiliki Zolota, Maria-Ioanna Argentou","doi":"10.5114/amsad/215850","DOIUrl":"10.5114/amsad/215850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Breast cancer remains the most common malignancy in women worldwide, with prognosis influenced not only by tumor-intrinsic factors but also by the tumor microenvironment. Adipokines, including visfatin, lipocalin-2, adiponectin, and chemerin, have been increasingly implicated in breast cancer biology, influencing inflammation, metabolism, angiogenesis, and the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, their precise contribution to tumor progression and their association with common prognostic markers remain unclear. The expression patterns of these adipokines were evaluated in invasive ductal carcinoma and explored their relationship with established clinicopathological parameters.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Breast cancer diagnosed cases were analyzed in 2018 at the University General Hospital of Patras. Immunohistochemistry was performed for visfatin, lipocalin-2, adiponectin, and chemerin. Marker expression was correlated with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2/c-ERB2, Ki67, and lymphovascular invasion (LVI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Visfatin and adiponectin both showed significant associations between high Ki67 and LVI (<i>p</i> = 0.0049 and <i>p</i> = 0.00044, respectively). In addition, ER negativity was linked to LVI for these two adipokines (<i>p</i> = 0.0175 for both). By contrast, lipocalin-2 did not show significant correlations, although borderline values for ER and PR suggested a possible trend.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings point to visfatin and adiponectin as potential indicators of aggressive breast cancer phenotypes, while lipocalin-2 may follow a different biological trajectory. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to confirm these associations and clarify underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":516556,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases","volume":"11 ","pages":"e1-e4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13248749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148221541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes among adults undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation at urban teaching centers in the United States.","authors":"Vivek Mittal, Eva Garg, Fathima Shehnaz Ayoobkhan, Parampreet Johal, Rutvi Amin, Rahul Singla, Kamleshun Ramphul","doi":"10.5114/amsad/213681","DOIUrl":"10.5114/amsad/213681","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":516556,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"e254-e258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12829559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The history of cardiopulmonary bypass and the evolution of <i>pneuma</i> in cardiopulmonary medicine.","authors":"Vasileios Leivaditis, Georgios Mavroudes, Hermann Braun Lambur, Nikolaos Baikoussis, Elias Liolis, Konstantinos Tasios, Levan Tchabashvili, George Theofanis, Andreas Antzoulas, Dimitrios Litsas, Panagiotis Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Konstantinos Nikolakopoulos, Manfred Dahm, Spyros Papadoulas, Francesk Mulita","doi":"10.5114/amsad/213682","DOIUrl":"10.5114/amsad/213682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is one of the most groundbreaking medical innovations in history, enabling safe and effective heart surgery by temporarily replacing the function of the heart and lungs. This article begins with ancient concepts of cardiopulmonary function, then traces the evolution of CPB through important physiological and anatomical discoveries, culminating in the development of the modern heart-lung machine. In addition to examining the contributions of significant figures such as Galen, Ibn al-Nafis, William Harvey, and John Gibbon, we also explore the ethical and technical challenges encountered in the early days of open-heart surgery. The historical trajectory of <i>pneuma</i> illustrates the transition from speculative medical theories to empirical science. While no longer relevant in modern physiology, <i>pneuma</i> has left an enduring legacy in medical terminology and holistic perspectives on health, highlighting the deep connections between ancient and contemporary medical thought.</p>","PeriodicalId":516556,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"e238-e253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12828647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of myosin inhibitors for symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Mohammad Hazique, Sameer Lohana, Sunam Kafle, Jasgit Bhinder, Kunal N Patel, Jawad Basit, Abdul Rasheed Bahar, Jared Kvapil, M Chadi Alraies","doi":"10.5114/amsad/209038","DOIUrl":"10.5114/amsad/209038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common genetic cardiac disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Cardiac myosin inhibitors (MIs), including mavacamten and aficamten, offer a novel therapeutic approach for HCM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online database search was performed from inception to September 2024. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared mavacamten with placebo/guideline medical treatment for HCM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six RCTs involving 1,081 participants were analyzed. Cardiac myosin inhibitors significantly reduced left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) gradients at rest (-70.22 mm Hg, 95% CI: -85.42 to -55.03) and during the Valsalva maneuver (-61.44 mm Hg, 95% CI: -71.10 to -51.78). Patients experienced improved functional status, with a pooled risk ratio (RR) of 2.21 (95% CI: 1.75 to 2.80, <i>p</i> < 0.05) for at least one NYHA class improvement and an enhanced Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Clinical Summary Score (KCCQ-CSS) (+7.80 points, 95% CI: 4.58 to 11.02, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Biomarkers, including NT-proBNP (-69.41 pg/ml, 95% CI: -87.06 to -51.75, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) (-42.66 ng/l, 95% CI: -48.47 to -36.85, <i>p</i> < 0.05), showed significant reductions. Reductions in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were observed, with aficamten demonstrating a greater reduction (-10.35%, 95% CI: -13.48 to -7.21) compared to mavacamten (-2.50%, 95% CI: -6.21 to 1.20). Safety analyses showed no significant increase in treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.92 to 1.14), serious adverse events (SAEs) (RR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.37 to 1.28), or atrial fibrillation (RR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.27 to 2.23).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MIs significantly improve symptomatic, functional, and biomarker outcomes in symptomatic HCM while maintaining an acceptable safety profile, highlighting their potential as a transformative treatment option. Further studies are warranted to evaluate long-term efficacy and safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":516556,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"e228-e237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12828646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox imbalance and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets.","authors":"İsa Ardahanlı, Ramazan Aslan, Erhan Arıkan, Faik Özel, Murat Özmen, Onur Akgün, Murat Akdoğan, Halil I Özkan","doi":"10.5114/amsad/210585","DOIUrl":"10.5114/amsad/210585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, with oxidative stress and redox imbalance playing pivotal roles in their initiation and progression. In this comprehensive review, we explore the molecular mechanisms by which reactive oxygen and nitrogen species disrupt vascular homeostasis, promote endothelial dysfunction, and drive adverse cardiac remodeling. We highlight key redox-sensitive pathways, including NADPH oxidase activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Emerging oxidative stress biomarkers, such as 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and myeloperoxidase, are critically examined for their diagnostic and prognostic relevance. Additionally, we discuss therapeutic strategies targeting oxidative stress, ranging from conventional antioxidants to novel mitochondrial-directed and enzyme-specific interventions. Despite advances in understanding the redox landscape of CVDs, challenges remain in translating these insights into effective clinical therapies. Future research integrating omics technologies, precision medicine, and combined lifestyle-pharmacological approaches may offer new opportunities for redox-based cardiovascular interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":516556,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"e220-e227"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12550685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145380500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in mortality from acute myocardial infarction among the obese population in the United States from 1999 to 2020: insights from CDC WONDER.","authors":"Fatima Ashfaq, Ahmad Zain, Khubaib Ahmad, Aqsa Komel, Azka Aisha, Allahdad Khan, Alina Sehar, Mohsin Zia Sana Ullah, Syed Khurram M Gardezi, Raheel Ahmed","doi":"10.5114/amsad/210584","DOIUrl":"10.5114/amsad/210584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of death globally, with obesity identified as a significant risk factor for increased incidence and poorer post-event outcomes. Understanding trends in AMI mortality among obese populations is crucial for informing public health strategies, especially in light of rising obesity rates.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed data from the CDC WONDER database to examine AMI-related mortality among obese individuals (ICD-10 codes I21 for AMI and E66 for obesity) from 1999 to 2020. Mortality rates were assessed using crude mortality rates (CMR) and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100,000, stratified by year, gender, race/ethnicity, state, and urban-rural status. Average annual percent change (AAPC) was calculated to identify trends over the study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1999 to 2020, there were 39,793 obesity-related AMI deaths. The AAPC for the entire period was 1.75 (95% CI: 1.06 to 2.45, <i>p</i> < 0.001). For men, the AAPC was 2.81, while for women, it was 1.12. Notably, African American individuals saw a significant increase in AMI mortality from 2018 to 2020 (AAPC = 19.28). Geographically, the Midwest, South, and West regions experienced upward trends, while the Northeast saw a slight decline. Smaller metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas showed consistent increases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study highlights an upward trend in AMI-related mortality among the obese population in the U.S. from 1999 to 2020. Targeted public health interventions are needed to address these trends, particularly in high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":516556,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"e211-e219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12550666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145373529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superficial venous aneurysms: a case-based review.","authors":"Aliki Skandali, Francesk Mulita, Melina Stathopoulou, Andreas Tsimpoukis, Konstantinos Nikolakopoulos, Eleni Panopoulou, Chrysanthi Papageorgopoulou, Nikolaos Krinos, Elias Liolis, Andreas Antzoulas, Dimitrios Litsas, Panagiotis Dimitrios Papadopoulos, George Theofanis, Konstantinos Tasios, Petros Zampakis, Vasileios Leivaditis, Spyros Papadoulas","doi":"10.5114/amsad/209875","DOIUrl":"10.5114/amsad/209875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Superficial venous aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms are uncommon, frequently misdiagnosed lesions. Despite their usually benign nature, both entities can present with complications, such as thrombosis and rupture. We present a 62-year-old male patient with a superficial venous aneurysm on the dorsal aspect of his hand, successfully managed with surgical excision. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of a true venous aneurysm. A comprehensive literature review identified 22 superficial venous aneurysms and 9 upper extremity pseudoaneurysms. Diagnosis relies mainly on duplex ultrasonography. Currently, no standardized management guidelines exist. Surgical excision remains the preferred treatment, while sclerotherapy and endovenous ablation may be appropriate alternatives in certain cases. Heightened clinical awareness and further research are essential to developing evidence-based management strategies and optimizing therapeutic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":516556,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"e198-e210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12550692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145373577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortisol as a factor contributing to the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in severely obese patients: a single-center prospective study.","authors":"Petros Constantinopoulos, Georgia Georgoulia, George Theofanis, Andreas Antzoulas, Dimitrios Litsas, Panagiotis Dimitrios Papadopoulos, Elias Liolis, Panagiotis Leventis, Nikolaos Kornaros, Vasileios Leivaditis, Francesk Mulita, George Skroubis","doi":"10.5114/amsad/209847","DOIUrl":"10.5114/amsad/209847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is known to have high prevalence in obese patients, and has been found to be associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study aimed to investigate possible correlations of NAFLD with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity and expression levels of hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11B1), nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 1 (glucocorticoid receptors) a (NR3C1a) and b (NR3C1b) in the liver, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT).</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this single-center study, 34 severely obese patients (BMI > 40 kg/m²), scheduled to undergo bariatric surgery, were recruited and enrolled prospectively. Before the day of surgery, urinary free cortisol (UFC) and diurnal variation of serum and salivary cortisol were estimated. During surgery, biopsies of the liver, VAT, and SAT were obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression of the visceral adipose tissue HSD11B1 (VAT HSD11B1) was significantly higher in the groups of patients with NAFLD (NAFLD+) or NASH (NASH+), compared with those without (NAFLD-, NASH-). The expression of NR3C1a in the liver (LNR3C1a) was significantly lower in the NAFLD+ group compared with the NAFLD- group. In the NAFLD group, the expression of HSD11B1 in the liver (LHSD11B1) exhibited a negative correlation with LNR3C1a, whereas no association was found in the NAFLD+ group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The activity of the HPA axis, and tissue and systemic cortisol levels, contribute to MetS development. There are similarities between MetS and NAFLD concerning their pathophysiological mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":516556,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"e189-e197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12550701/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145380482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printing in medicine: bridging imaging, education, and practice.","authors":"Sotirios Anagnostopoulos, Nikolaos Baltayiannis, Nikolaos E Koletsis, Francesk Mulita, Foteini Spanou, Vasileios Leivaditis, Paraskevi Katsakiori, Georgios Tsakaldimis, Konstantinos Nikolakopoulos, Sofoklis Mitsos, Periklis Tomos, Efstratios Koletsis","doi":"10.5114/amsad/209721","DOIUrl":"10.5114/amsad/209721","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>3D printing is an additive manufacturing technology. The methodology involves designing the object in a digital environment, in a CAD (Computer-Aided Design) computer program, which then converts the 3D image file into an STL (Standard Triangulation Language) file to be loaded and read by the printer. In the first two decades of the twentieth century, the main technology that caused intense discussions, since the first stereolithography technique used by Charles Hull in 1983, has been the conversion of digital models into physical objects. 3D printers became commercially available in the 1980s, with the market growing exponentially in the 1990s and 2000s. Medical applications for 3D printing have been reported since 1990. Stereolithographic modeling of cardiac structures was described by Binder in 2000 for better diagnostic access and surgical planning. In improving healthcare, 3D printing, i.e. the conversion of digital models into physical objects, plays an important and multiple/multifaceted role.</p>","PeriodicalId":516556,"journal":{"name":"Archives of medical sciences. Atherosclerotic diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"e172-e188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12550675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145380724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}