Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Rib Fractures in Professional Baseball Pitchers: Mechanics, Epidemiology, and Management.","authors":"Sean Schowalter,&nbsp;Bryan Le,&nbsp;James Creps,&nbsp;Kelly C McInnis","doi":"10.2147/OAJSM.S288882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S288882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pitching is a complex kinetic chain activity requiring the transfer of energy from the lower body, through the core and trunk, and finally through the arm to generate explosive acceleration of the baseball. As a result, large forces are generated in the trunk musculature and rib attachments from the late cocking phase of pitching through deceleration. The repetitive cumulative load and high pitch velocities put professional pitchers at risk of rib stress fracture. Given the potential for a prolonged recovery course and high rate of recurrence, early recognition of rib bone stress injury is critical to optimize care. Identifying torso strength imbalances, suboptimal pitching biomechanics (such as late or inadequate pelvic rotation), as well as metabolic deficiencies that may adversely affect bone health are essential to expedite safe return to play and prevent future injury. In this review, we discuss risk factors, mechanism of injury, typical clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, and propose treatment and prevention strategies for rib stress fractures in overhand pitchers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"89-105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a5/55/oajsm-13-89.PMC9563740.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33514832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Thematic Analysis of Osteopathic Physicians' Identities and Experiences in North American Professional Sports.","authors":"Kaitlyn Blacha,&nbsp;Andrew Cade,&nbsp;Tyler Russell,&nbsp;Daniel Skinner","doi":"10.2147/OAJSM.S378045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S378045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This interview-based thematic analysis examines the evolving professional identities and practices of osteopathic physicians (DOs) in North American professional sports (baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer) to understand the extent to which DOs employ osteopathic-specific skill sets in their work with player-patients. In addition, the study sought to understand the prevalence of professional bias, interprofessional dynamics between DOs and other health professionals, and other factors such as management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative, interview-based study is grounded in twelve semi-structured interviews with 41% of DOs (all nonsurgical, primary care sports medicine trained) working with North American professional sports teams. Interviews were transcribed and coded to identify key themes and representative quotes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings suggest that DOs believe their training and philosophical orientation positions them well to make important contributions to serving the medical needs of professional sports teams. At the same time, DOs are careful about championing an osteopathically-specific approach to patient care, such as evoking osteopathic principles of care or techniques such as Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine. This is the case for several reasons, the most important of which is a strong drive toward collaboration and collegiality within professional sports medicine teams.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study finds that in navigating the complexities of osteopathic identity, DOs working in professional sports are proud of their osteopathic orientation and report experiencing little discrimination, but also downplay what has historically distinguished their practice from that of other healthcare professionals. These findings have consequences for how scholars think about emerging professional identities in sports medicine, generally, as well as the fast-growing profession of osteopathic medicine specifically.</p>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"77-87"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/17/4b/oajsm-13-77.PMC9484573.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40374249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Significant Change in MRI Abnormalities or Back Pain Prevalence in the Thoraco-Lumbar Spine of Young Elite Skiers Over a 2-Year Follow-Up.","authors":"Wisam A Witwit,&nbsp;Hanna Hebelka,&nbsp;Anna Swärd Aminoff,&nbsp;Josefin Abrahamson,&nbsp;Carl Todd,&nbsp;Adad Baranto","doi":"10.2147/OAJSM.S366548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S366548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Young athletes are at increasing risk for spinal column injuries due to overloading the spine with excessive sports activities, with potential development of complications later in life.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The purpose of this 2-year follow-up study of young elite skiers and non-athletes was to investigate any potential change in the thoraco-lumbar findings on MRI and to outline any change in back pain prevalence with continuing sporting activity and age.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Longitudinal cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MRI of the thoraco-lumbar spine was performed on 30 skiers (mean age 20 years, female 43%) and 16 non-athletes (mean age 19, female 75%), available for the 2-year follow-up. The intervertebral discs were evaluated for signal, height, bulge/herniation, and additionally according to Pfirrmann classification, and the endplates were graded according to endplate defect score. Any of the following disc findings was defined as disc degenerative change: reduced signal, reduced height, bulge, or herniation. All participants answered a specific back pain questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference in spinal column abnormalities, nor back pain, was found between baseline and 2-year follow-up in neither skiers nor controls. There was significantly higher prevalence of disc degenerative changes in skiers (73%) than in non-athletes (44%, <i>p</i>=0.05). Skiers (63%) had significantly more Pfirrmann grade ≥3 discs compared to non-athletes (25%) (<i>p</i>=0.03). There was no significant difference in number of endplates with score ≥4 between skiers and non-athletes (50% vs 38%, <i>p</i>=0.40) nor in lifetime prevalence of back pain between skiers (46%) and non-athletes (40%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was no significant change over time of the spinal column MRI abnormalities, nor back pain prevalence, during a 2-year follow-up of skiers and non-athletes. Young skiers had significantly higher prevalence of spine abnormalities compared with non-athletes. There was no significant difference of the back pain lifetime prevalence in skiers compared with non-athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/6b/eb/oajsm-13-69.PMC9394653.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40439533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal Graft Choice in Athletic Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries: Review and Clinical Insights.","authors":"Katarina Sim,&nbsp;Richard Rahardja,&nbsp;Mark Zhu,&nbsp;Simon W Young","doi":"10.2147/OAJSM.S340702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S340702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common sporting-related knee injury with a potentially detrimental impact on the athlete's career, yet there is no formal consensus on the optimal graft choice for reconstructing the ruptured ACL in this specific population. Options for reconstruction include autograft, allograft, and artificial grafts. However, each has associated failure risk and donor site morbidity. Our operational definition of the athlete is a skeletally mature individual participating in high level activity with the expectation to return to pre-injury level of activity. The athlete has unique injury characteristics, post-operative expectations, and graft demands that differ to the general population. Long-term outcomes are of particular importance given on-going mechanical demands on the reconstructed knee. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to consolidate current literature on the various ACL reconstruction graft options, with a focus on the optimal graft for returning the athlete to activity with the lowest rate of re-injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"55-67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f5/2e/oajsm-13-55.PMC9255990.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40594288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors That Influence the Return to Sport After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair for Glenohumeral Instability.","authors":"Luciano Andrés Rossi, Ignacio Pasqualini, Ignacio Tanoira, Maximiliano Ranalletta","doi":"10.2147/OAJSM.S340699","DOIUrl":"10.2147/OAJSM.S340699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous studies have reported high rates of return to sports following arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR) However, there is enormous controversy regarding the optimal management of these patients in the postoperative period. Controversy issues include rehabilitation, criteria for returning to sports, and the specific management of each athlete according to the sport they practice. Even though there are several rehabilitation protocols published in the literature, wide variability exists concerning the key elements of rehabilitation after an ABR. Regarding criteria for return to sports, there is a wide variation across the different published studies. The type of sports has been shown to affect an athlete's decision to return to sports. Nevertheless, most research is evaluated by classifications that cluster different sports into categories that may have other influences in return to sports when analyzed separately. Finally, in addition to physical readiness, the athlete's psychological state is crucial for returning to sports. However, the contribution of psychological readiness to an athlete's return to sports after shoulder instability surgery remains uncertain and unexplored.</p>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"35-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8985826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43920302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Intensity Soccer Training Sessions on Marked Biochemical Indicators of Blood Acidity of Saudi Young Soccer Players","authors":"G. Alshuwaier, H. Ghazzawi, A. Alaqil, Y. Alsharif, M. Alibrahim, K. Aljaloud","doi":"10.2147/OAJSM.S356075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S356075","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To assess the effect of low-to-moderate-intensity exercise on specific blood biomarkers and blood acidity in young Saudi Arabian professional soccer players. Methods A total of 43 professional soccer players participated in the current study. A cross-sectional research method was used to compare the changes in the following blood biomarkers: calcium, magnesium, glucose, anion-gap metabolic acidosis, and carbon dioxide, after a range of low-to-moderate intensity training sessions. Measurements were taken in two soccer training sessions (Day 1, and Day 2). The exercise intensity was estimated by heart rate percentage of maximal heart rate. Wilcoxon signed-rank testing was used to analyze the results. Results Significant differences were found between and pre-and post-training sessions for anion-gap metabolic acidosis: Day 1: 12.55 vs 15.4 mmol/L; Day 2: 14.15 vs 16.35 mmol/L; and magnesium: Day 1: 0.82 vs 0.74 mmol/L; Day 2: 0.85 vs 0.74 mmol/L. Exercise caused anion-gap metabolic acidosis concentrations to rise post-training; magnesium levels decreased after training sessions on Day 1 and Day 2. Conclusion The concentrations of anion-gap metabolic acidosis and magnesium were significantly affected by exercise intensity in the subjects, the former rose post-training while the latter fell. More studies are required to investigate the effects of different exercise intensities on other blood biomarkers in soccer players.","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"17 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47405390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meniscal Root Repair Alone or Combined with Different Procedures After at Least 6 Months of Follow-Up: A Series of Cases","authors":"José Leonardo Rocha de Faria, Raphael Serra Cruz, André Luiz Siqueira Campos, Gabriel Garcez A. Souza, Yuri Sampaio Di Cavalcanti, R. A. Goes","doi":"10.2147/OAJSM.S348401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S348401","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose To analyze clinical and functional outcomes of patients submitted to posterior meniscal root repair of the medial or lateral meniscus in different settings, with at least 6 months of follow-up. Patients and Methods Retrospective multicentric study assessing epidemiological characteristics and clinical-functional results of 22 patients who underwent meniscal root reinsertion (MRR) by transtibial technique. This study addressed different settings: isolated medial root repair, medial root repair associated with high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and lateral root repair associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Results Twelve patients had an isolated tear of the posterior root of the medial meniscus and underwent MRR alone. Six patients had a varus axis >5°, undergoing MRR in addition to HTO in the same surgical procedure. Four patients underwent repair of the posterior root of the lateral meniscus associated with simultaneous reconstruction of the ACL. The main results of the study were observed in the improvement of the IKDC score from 27.7% preoperatively to 69.8% in the postoperative period (p < 0.0001) and the Lysholm score of 44.4 points preoperatively to 88.4 points in the postoperative period (p < 0.0001). Significant clinical and subjective improvements were also reported. Conclusion Medial meniscal root repair, associated or not with valgus tibial osteotomy (when indicated) and lateral meniscal root repair associated with ACL reconstruction, improved clinical, functional, and subjective results of the patients presented in this case series in the short term.","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"25 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44059320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Communication Between Knee Osteoarthritis and Fibrosis: Molecular Pathways and Key Molecules.","authors":"Ioanna K Bolia,&nbsp;Kevin Mertz,&nbsp;Ethan Faye,&nbsp;Justin Sheppard,&nbsp;Sagar Telang,&nbsp;Jacob Bogdanov,&nbsp;Laith K Hasan,&nbsp;Aryan Haratian,&nbsp;Denis Evseenko,&nbsp;Alexander E Weber,&nbsp;Frank A Petrigliano","doi":"10.2147/OAJSM.S321139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S321139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knee fibrosis is characterized by the presence of excessive connective tissue due to dysregulated fibroblast activation following local or systemic tissue damage. Knee fibrosis constitutes a major clinical problem in orthopaedics due to the severe limitation in the knee range of motion that leads to compromised function and patient disability. Knee osteoarthritis is an extremely common orthopedic condition that is associated with patient disability and major costs to the health-care systems worldwide. Although knee fibrosis and osteoarthritis (OA) have traditionally been perceived as two separate pathologic entities, recent research has shown common ground between the pathophysiologic processes that lead to the development of these two conditions. The purpose of this review was to identify the pathophysiologic pathways as well as key molecules that are implicated in the development of both knee OA and knee fibrosis in order to understand the relationship between the two diagnoses and potentially identify novel therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c7/d5/oajsm-13-1.PMC8898188.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10599378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Maturation Stage on Sprinting Speed Adaptations to Plyometric Jump Training in Youth Male Team Sports Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Ana Filipa Silva,&nbsp;Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo,&nbsp;Halil İbrahim Ceylan,&nbsp;Hugo Sarmento,&nbsp;Filipe Manuel Clemente","doi":"10.2147/OAJSM.S283662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S283662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the effects of maturation stage (eg, classified in the same intervention protocol as early-, and late-mature) on linear sprinting speed adaptations to plyometric jump training (PJT) in youth (aged <18 years) male team sports players.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Eligibility criteria was determined based on PICOS: (P) healthy youth male team sport players classified in the same intervention protocol in ≥2 maturation-related categories, based on a recognized maturation stage-determination method, including (but not limited to) Tanner stage; peak height velocity (eg, Mirwald method); radiography-based method (eg, Fels method); (I) athletes exposed to PJT with a minimum of 4 weeks duration; (C) athletes non-exposed to PJT (non-dedicated intervention, ie, only field-based regular training) or performing a parallel intervention not-related with PJT organized by maturation levels; (O) sprinting speed (eg, time, maximal sprint speed) measured in any linear sprint test trajectories before and after the intervention; (S) only randomized controlled and/or parallel trials. Searches were conducted on December 2021 in EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science, restricted to Portuguese, Spanish and English languages, with no restrictions regarding publication date, and no filters applied. The PEDro scale was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis was computed using the inverse variance random-effects model. The significance level was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search identified 1219 titles. From those, four studies were selected for qualitative and quantitative synthesis. Four studies provided data for sprinting performance, involving 10 experimental and 8 control groups showing a small effect of trained participants on sprinting performance (ES = 0.31; p = 0.064; I2 = 41.3%) when compared to controls. No significant moderator effect was noted for somatic maturity (p = 0.473 between groups).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PJT had no significant effect on sprinting performance, although the inclusion criteria partially may explain that.</p>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"13 ","pages":"41-54"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8f/1d/oajsm-13-41.PMC9109897.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10305614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the Fight Profile Interfere with Orthopedic Injuries in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu?","authors":"José Martins Juliano Eustaquio,&nbsp;Alberto Martins Fontoura Borges,&nbsp;Lorena Souza Vilela,&nbsp;Matheus Pizarro Carvalho Gouveia,&nbsp;Amanda Laruzo Rabelo,&nbsp;Camila Cohen Kaleka,&nbsp;Pedro Debieux,&nbsp;Octávio Barbosa Neto","doi":"10.2147/OAJSM.S337912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S337912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of orthopedic injuries associated with the technical-tactical profiles of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) fighters, according to the fighters' graduation level (beginner and advanced).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study, which included the participation of amateur and professional BJJ athletes, aged between 18 and 60 years and practitioners of the sport for at least six months. All answered a mixed self-reported morbidity questionnaire. Participants were divided into four groups, according to the technical-tactical profile in the fight (keeper and passer) and the fighter's graduation level (beginner and advanced), and also into four subgroups, divided by joining the groups in pairs above. Descriptive and analytical statistical procedures were used, with a level of statistical significance set at 5% (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 198 participants were included in the study. There was a higher prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in advanced fighters (p<0.001), with no significant difference between the profiles of guard and passer fighters. Sprains were the most common type of injury in all studied groups and subgroups. The anatomical segments knee and shoulder, respectively, were the most affected in all groups, and both segments showed significant associations of the athletes in the advanced and guard groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study showed important data for creation of specifics injury prevention protocols, through the higher prevalence of injuries in athletes of the advanced profile and in the segments of the knee and shoulder, with emphasis on the guard fighters.</p>","PeriodicalId":51644,"journal":{"name":"Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine","volume":"12 ","pages":"171-178"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2021-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/58/ad/oajsm-12-171.PMC8594892.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39642683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}