Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy最新文献

{"title":"Towards dynamic decision-making in government as service organization: insights from systems thinking","authors":"Luca Carrubbo, Silvia Cosimato, Anna Roberta Gagliardi","doi":"10.1108/tg-05-2024-0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-05-2024-0113","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000Service organizations operate in an increasingly complex and uncertain context that makes decision-making challenging. Despite well-recognized changes in the operational context of government as service organization, service literature has given surprisingly limited attention to what these changes imply for organizational decision-making. This study aims to face with the lack of fit of decision-making theorizing with the reality, within which most service practitioners operate, in order to foster the relevance of decision-making in service research and properly approach the false assumptions and misguided instructions for action.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000To rectify the situation, the purpose of this paper is to advance a more holistic understanding of decision-making in government as service organization. The authors do so by reviewing the sparse, though insightful, prior literature on decision-making in service research and identifying four foundational assumptions of decision-making in the service context, that radically differ from the traditional assumptions of decision-making within the wider management literature.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The authors contribute to service research by further advancing the emerging dynamic understanding of decision-making by developing eight systems thinking-informed research propositions and a connected research agenda. In doing so, the paper offers the essential ground work that can revitalize the field of service management and equip it for facing the challenges that government as service organization is encountering in the 21st century.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The formulated eight research propositions demonstrate that decision-making in a government as service organization occurs within complex adaptive systems composed of multiple subsystems and is characterized by a high degree of unpredictability. It is a process influenced by multiple actors part of the system and subsystems, through multiple feedback loops, where the implications of prior decisions inform the future decisions.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515573,"journal":{"name":"Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy","volume":"55 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Framework for the application of explainable artificial intelligence techniques in the service of democracy","authors":"Marta Sofia Marques da Encarnacao, Maria Anastasiadou, Vitor Santos","doi":"10.1108/tg-02-2024-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-02-2024-0030","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000This paper aims to explore explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in democracy, proposing an applicable framework. With artificial intelligence’s (AI) increasing use in democracies, the demand for transparency and accountability in AI decision-making is recognized. XAI addresses AI “black boxes” by enhancing model transparency.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study includes a thorough literature review of XAI. The methodology chosen was design science research to enable design theory and problem identification about XAI’s state of the art. Thereby finding and gathering crucial information to build a framework that aims to help solve issues and gaps where XAI can be of major influence in the service of democracy.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This framework has four main steps to be applied in the service of democracy by applying the different possible XAI techniques that may help mitigate existing challenges and risks for the democratic system. The proposed artifact intends to display and include all the necessary steps to select the most suitable XAI technology. Examples were given for every step of the artifact to provide a clear understanding of what was being proposed.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000An evaluation of the proposed framework was made through interviews with specialists from different areas related to the topics in the study. The interviews were important for measuring the framework’s validity and originality.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515573,"journal":{"name":"Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy","volume":"57 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141806873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital transformation or digital standstill? Status quo bias in Swedish public sector strategies","authors":"Kristian Norling","doi":"10.1108/tg-04-2024-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-04-2024-0078","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to investigate the impact of bureaucratic culture on the formulation and content of digital transformation strategies in Swedish local governments.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This research uses a qualitative content analysis method to examine strategy documents from local governments in Sweden. The analysis is focused on identifying concepts related to the definition of digital transformation strategy, organizational culture and agility. Relevant themes and insights were extracted using concept-driven coding.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The research uncovered a significant influence of bureaucratic culture on the content of strategy documents, which manifests through a strong status quo bias. This bias leads to a cautious approach toward digital innovation, limiting strategies to incremental improvements and maintenance of existing processes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The findings highlight the need for a nuanced understanding of how organizational culture affects digital transformation. The study suggests avenues for further research, particularly in exploring mechanisms to balance bureaucratic stability with digital agility.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The research proposes recommendations for policymakers and public sector managers, advocating for an approach incorporating cultural awareness to foster a more conducive environment for digital transformation within bureaucratic settings.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study contributes to the field by revealing the nuanced role of bureaucratic culture in shaping digital transformation strategies within the public sector. It offers a unique insight into the Swedish context.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515573,"journal":{"name":"Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy","volume":"21 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mediating role of government ICT use on the nexus between ICT access and public sector performance","authors":"Francis Dogbe, Muftawu Dzang Alhassan, Raphael Boahen Adomako, Ezekiel Davies","doi":"10.1108/tg-02-2024-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-02-2024-0039","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to explore how government ICT use influences the relationship between ICT access and public sector performance globally. Previous research has mainly focused on the impact of ICT access on private firms' performance, measured by profitability. Moreover, previous studies have mostly examined the effect of ICT access on firms' performance within a single country. This study fills a gap in the literature by investigating how government ICT use mediates the connection between ICT access and public sector performance on a global scale.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The study develops and empirically validates a conceptual model based on the Technology, Organisation-Environment framework and archival data for 131 countries, using partial least squares-structural equation modelling.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings from the study shows a significant relationship between ICT access and Government ICT use. Also, there was positive relationship between ICT access and Public Sector Performance. In addition, there exist a significant relationship between Government use of ICT and Public Sector Performance. Furthermore, the mediating role of government ICT use on the impact of ICT access on public sector performance was significant.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study is unique in that it explores the relationship between ICT access, government ICT use and public sector performance on a global scale. By using archival sources, this research findings can easily be replicated and applied to a larger population. Additionally, using the TOE framework, this study demonstrates how technology (ICT access) and organisation (government ICT use) impact public sector performance globally.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515573,"journal":{"name":"Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy","volume":"119 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141820737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-government in Asian countries: a conceptual framework for sustainable development","authors":"Md. Golam Kibria, Paul Hong","doi":"10.1108/tg-01-2023-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-01-2023-0003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to examine the factors contributing to e-government development as a means to foster sustainable development, highlighting the need for robust e-government frameworks to navigate economic, social and environmental challenges.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A literature-based conceptual framework is presented, grounded in the comparative analysis of e-government in five diverse Asian countries. The paper introduces a research model with testable propositions and synthesizes lessons for future research, emphasizing the integration of e-government with sustainable development goals.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The key findings identify three critical factors for e-government development: policy priorities and strategic initiatives, ICT infrastructure and public–private partnerships investment. The research underscores e-government’s role in providing electronic services that support transparency and democracy, which are essential for sustainable development.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Limitations arise from focusing on select Asian countries, potentially affecting the generalizability of results, as well as the dynamic nature of technology and policy landscapes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000This paper underscores the essential role of governmental action in advancing sustainable development via e-government strategies, providing a framework for success in both developing and developed contexts. It demonstrates how e-government can drive sustainability by comparing the progress of five Asian countries to highlight best practices and challenges in implementing such systems effectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The paper uniquely bridges e-government and sustainable development research, showing e-government’s role as a sustainable development instrument. This novel integration is supported by extensive literature and a strategic selection of countries representing varying stages of e-government maturity, providing a well-rounded view of e-government’s impact on sustainable outcomes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515573,"journal":{"name":"Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy","volume":"51 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waiting for change: a case study on the social construction of digital transformation in the public sector","authors":"Malin Tinjan","doi":"10.1108/tg-05-2024-0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-05-2024-0111","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000The study aims to understand digital transformation as a socially constructed process with multiple stakeholders, influenced by internal and external forces. This perspective stresses the importance of context, human interaction and narratives in the digital transformation within public sector.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The author uses a case study at a Swedish university undergoing digital transformation. Through first and secondary data, the author thematically analyzes the interaction between change agents, organizational realities and the digital transformation process.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The study finds that conflicts in pace and scope in the digital transformation drive self-defense mechanisms and the formation of a feedback loop of pending action. Contrary to previous studies, technological and external forces do not make digital transformation inevitable.\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Limitations stem from the empirical selection of a Swedish university, affecting the international and intersectoral transferability of the study. The impact of digital transformation differs from previous IT changes, which has implications for the design of the digital transformation process.\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Stakeholders should, instead of considering structural and cultural barriers as facts, pay attention to the narratives within the organization as potential excuses to avoid action.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This research contributes to original insights into digital transformation. It uncovers how change agents, despite longing for change, can inadvertently foster inaction in digital transformation. This finding enriches the literature by highlighting the complex dynamics between the desire for change and the social constructs that contribute to stagnation, offering an understanding of barriers to digital transformation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515573,"journal":{"name":"Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy","volume":"43 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141654859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of digital technologies in anti-corruption initiatives in Botswana: lessons from Georgia, Ukraine and South Africa","authors":"A. Omotoye, Natasja Holtzhausen","doi":"10.1108/tg-01-2024-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-01-2024-0002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to explore the potential role of digitalization in reshaping Botswana's assets and liabilities declaration system. Digitalization presents opportunities to not only improve efficiencies in how services are delivered and citizens are engaged but also to integrate innovative ways to combat wicked problems such as illicit enrichment and conflicts of interest in the public service.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This qualitative paper adopts an exploratory research design to investigate how digital technologies can be used to enhance anti-corruption reforms in a developing country context. Primary data, focusing on the shortcomings and successes of Botswana’s asset declaration system, were collected from interviews with key policy actors in Botswana’s anti-corruption landscape, whereas secondary data were drawn from documents such as official reports, news and social media reports and available literature on the topics of digitalization and anti-corruption reforms. A comparative case study approach is used, highlighting successes and challenges in the use of electronic disclosure systems in Georgia, Ukraine and South Africa.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The analysis provides insights into the potential benefits and challenges associated with the integration of digital technologies in the asset and liability declaration process. The integration of digital technologies in the anti-corruption efforts of Georgia, Ukraine and South Africa has contributed to the development of robust electronic declaration systems. However, political resistance, costs, technical capacity and verification processes are identified as some of the core challenges confronting agencies tasked with implementing asset declaration systems.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The political and socio-economic contexts in the country case studies presented are distinct, as are the challenges posed by corruption. Although Botswana can gain insights from the implementation experiences of Georgia, Ukraine and South Africa, policymakers and implementers need to take into account these subtleties and their potential influence on the success or failure of a similar system. The research has implications for policy and practice by proposing an alternative approach to the implementation of Botswana’s asset declaration system. This will be of interest to policymakers, anti-corruption activists and scholars.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, prior research has not studied the relationship between digitalization and anti-corruption reforms in Botswana. This paper contributes to the dearth of knowledge regarding the role of digitalization as a driver of anti-corruption reforms. The paper informs policy decisions related to the implementation of digital transformation initiatives in line with Botswana’s anti-corruption and digital transformation agendas.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515573,"journal":{"name":"Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy","volume":"9 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141660320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An extended TOE framework for local government technology adoption for citizen participation: insights for city digital twins for collaborative planning","authors":"D. Adade, Walter Timo de Vries","doi":"10.1108/tg-01-2024-0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-01-2024-0025","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to understand and explain factors that influence how, when and under which conditions local governments adopt digital technologies for citizen collaboration. It discusses what these findings mean for city digital twin adoption.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This research uses the systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) process to collect and evaluate evidence needed to answer the research questions. It uses the technology–organisation–environment (TOE) framework and proposes an additional dimension: “stakeholders” as the analytical framework.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Critical influential factors identified include the technology dimension: security and privacy; organisation dimension: top management support; environment dimension: political influence; and stakeholders’ dimension: technological experience.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000This research extends the TOE framework and comprehensively analyses those factors which relate to citizens but significantly impact local government’s decision to adopt digital tools for collaboration purposes. This research posits that in the context of local government technology adoption for collaboration, both the organisation and stakeholders’ dimensions are critical.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000This research contributes to the government-citizen discourse and provides a constructive understanding of technological transformation in collaborative planning. The findings are helpful for local governments, researchers and geospatial industries as they offer a critical understanding of digital technology adoption, particularly city digital twins, for collaborative planning.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study extends the TOE framework to include aspects relating to citizens. It provides a nuanced understanding of the influential factors and intricacies of technology adoption by local governments for citizen collaboration. It also discusses relevant issues of city digital twins’ adoption by local governments for citizen participation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515573,"journal":{"name":"Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy","volume":"122 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design principles for MOOC platforms: a public sector perspective","authors":"Michael Koddebusch, Sebastian Halsbenning, Jörg Becker","doi":"10.1108/tg-05-2023-0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-05-2023-0065","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000One impediment of e-government implementation is the lack of e-(government) competences among public officials, especially because foundational education programs fail to teach them. Therefore, this study suggests massive open online course (MOOC)-based continuous education. This study aims to design and evaluate a MOOC and MOOC platform for acquiring e-competence in the public sector and principles for such platforms to capture their inherent design knowledge.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study uses design science research incorporating qualitative and quantitative methods and draws on established patterns of formulating design principles (DPs).\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The core results are a physically instantiated MOOC platform and six DPs: DP of 1) easy access and easy use, 2) professional exchange, 3) protected space, 4) domain focus, 5) cooperation with higher education institutions and 6) promotion from higher government level.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000This study contributes to e-government research by extending the design knowledge for the construction of domain-specific MOOC platforms. Moreover, the study contributes to platform economics by discussing existing theses and outlining new opportunities. The research also entails limitations, as the authors have solely considered MOOCs and neglected complimentary offers to sustain learning success.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000This study provides practitioners with design principles they can use in their efforts to construct education platforms for the public sector. Moreover, the study presents a working MOOC platform instantiating these DPs, and thus provides an exemplary reference.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000Not fulfilling expectations regarding digital public services comes with a risk of decreasing trust in public organizations and the overall government. The results of this study contribute to enabling public officials fulfilling stakeholders’ expectations and generating public value.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000By linking e-government competence education with MOOC platform design, this research approximates an important research gap. Scholars previously investigated e-competences and focused on alone-standing MOOCs to convey those. The results of this study offer the potential to construct platforms to centralize such fragmented solutions, maximizing their impact among public officials.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515573,"journal":{"name":"Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy","volume":"56 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fiscal policy and sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa: unveiling the role of information and communication technology (ICT)","authors":"O. Olaoye, M. A. Al‐Faryan, M. Tabash","doi":"10.1108/tg-08-2023-0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-08-2023-0115","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000The aim of this study is twofold. First, this study examines the effect of fiscal policy on sustainable development in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Second, this study also investigates the moderating role of information and communication technology (ICT) in fiscal policy–sustainable development nexus in SSA.\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study adopted a battery of econometric techniques such as the ordinary least square (OLS), the two-step system generalized method of moments, Driscoll and Kraay covariance matrix estimator and the dynamic panel threshold model.\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000This study found that fiscal policy, except for public spending on education do not promote sustainable development in SSA. However, the authors found that ICT promotes sustainable development in SSA, and that when fiscal policy interacts with ICT, the results show that ICT enhances the effectiveness of fiscal policy to promote sustainable development in SSA. Furthermore, this study uncovers the optimal levels of public spending on health and education, and public debts that engenders sustainable development in SSA. The research and policy implications are discussed.\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study assessed the role of ICT in fiscal policy–sustainable development nexus.\u0000","PeriodicalId":515573,"journal":{"name":"Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy","volume":" 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}