Dave Walsh, Graham Brooks, Makiko Naka, Gavin Oxburgh, Akira Kyo
{"title":"Forensic interviews conducted with autistic adults in Japan: a review of the literature and directions for future research.","authors":"Dave Walsh, Graham Brooks, Makiko Naka, Gavin Oxburgh, Akira Kyo","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2192255","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2192255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interviewing of victims, witnesses and suspects is important in helping resolve criminal investigations. In Japan, developments have recently occurred in the training of the police and their public prosecutors in these key tasks. Whilst literature exists on autism in Japan, studies examining police/public prosecutor interviews with autistic adults conducted in that country (and indeed, any other) remain scant. As elsewhere in the world, identification of those who manifest characteristics prevalent on the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) scale, has been found to be problematical to criminal justice professionals. To help address this deficit in understanding, we provide an overview of the literature concerning contemporary understanding of the challenges facing autistic adults as they attempt to reveal their verbal accounts, as well as suggested techniques when interviewing adults on the ASD scale during criminal investigations, offering lessons learned from research conducted around the world that provide potentially promising solutions for Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11018090/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44703500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Danielle L C Perks, Bruce D Watt, Katarina M Fritzon
{"title":"Offence-specific scripts among juvenile deliberate firesetters: a possible explanation for fire proclivity.","authors":"Danielle L C Perks, Bruce D Watt, Katarina M Fritzon","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2175067","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2175067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study employed inductive-thematic analysis to identify dynamic cognitive-emotional processes occurring in proximity to deliberate firesetting among a sample of <i>N</i> = 35 adjudicated juvenile firesetters. Six fire-specific themes were determined. Three of these themes are akin to an implicit theory (i.e. a belief system informed by previous experiences): Fire Interest, Fire is Controllable, and Fire Denial/Accidental. Three of these themes are consistent with a cognitive script (i.e. a behavioural guide for how and when to use fire): (a) fire is destructive; (b) fire conceals evidence; and (c) fire creates calm. When reviewed more closely, the theme 'fire is destructive' is composed of two separate subcategories: 'fire creates destructive fun' and 'fire is a destructive tool for revenge'. The findings have risk assessment and treatment implications for juvenile firesetters.</p>","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10929673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44405722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The use of nonverbal communication when assessing witness credibility: a view from the bench.","authors":"Vincent Denault, Chloé Leclerc, Victoria Talwar","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2175068","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2175068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this article is to provide a better understanding of how, in practice, judges use nonverbal communication during bench trials. The article starts with an overview of legal rules on how judges are supposed to assess witness credibility and use nonverbal communication, and briefly addresses the impact of those rules on lower courts and the limited data about judges in bench trials. Subsequently, we present the methods and the results from an online survey carried out with Quebec judges. While a number of judges have beliefs consistent with the scientific literature, findings reported in this article show that many judges have beliefs inconsistent with the scientific literature, and many are silent on culture-related differences in nonverbal behavior. The article ends with a discussion on the implications of the results for scholars and practitioners, including why findings reported in this article are cause for concern for adversarial justice systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10916926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43871742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crime, Mental Health and the Criminal Justice System in Africa: A Psycho-Criminological Perspective,","authors":"S. Shepherd","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2175073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2023.2175073","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49549769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The dispositional need for cognitive closure indirectly predicts mock jurors' sentencing decisions through right-wing authoritarianism.","authors":"Matthew P West, Logan A Yelderman","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2175072","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2175072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One reason people are motivated to hold right-wing authoritarian beliefs is the need to manage uncertainty. Right-wing authoritarianism provides a stable source of black-and-white 'answers' about the social world - obey established authorities and norms and show hostility to deviants. Right-wing authoritarianism, in turn, is positively associated with more punitive attitudes and judgements. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between mock capital jurors' need for cognitive closure and sentencing decisions through right-wing authoritarianism. Four-hundred and fifty-one jury-eligible adults read a hypothetical capital case, weighed aggravating and mitigating evidence and chose a sentence. They also responded to items measuring right-wing authoritarianism and the need for cognitive closure. The need for cognitive closure was indirectly related to choosing a death sentence through right-wing authoritarianism and the weighing of aggravators and mitigators. Theoretical and practical implications, as well as directions for future studies, are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11018026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44959223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bobbie Clugston, Carla Meurk, Meredith Harris, Philip Burgess, Ed Heffernan
{"title":"Persons with mental disorders and suicidality in crisis or high-risk situations involving police negotiation: a systematic review.","authors":"Bobbie Clugston, Carla Meurk, Meredith Harris, Philip Burgess, Ed Heffernan","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2175066","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2175066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Police negotiators respond to crisis and high-risk situations including mental health crises, but little is known about the nature, frequency and characteristics of these events. This systematic review examined literature about mental disorder and suicidality prevalence in negotiation events from peer-reviewed articles published within the last 20 years. Of 1455 articles identified, 11 met study inclusion criteria. Most contributed only indirect evidence using data on fatal police encounters, case reviews and analysis of communication techniques. Reliable prevalence estimates were not found, though findings suggest suicidality was a precipitating factor in more than half of events and was present during most events. Mental disorder (primarily substance use, mood and psychotic disorders) was also identified as a significant factor prior to and during events. Few articles described frequency or characteristics of these critical events. Further research is needed to inform frontline responses, resourcing and support pathways for police providing this crucial service.</p>","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10916924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45336462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Samantha Venner, Natasha Maharaj, Diane Sivasubramaniam, Stephane M Shepherd
{"title":"Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspectives on forensic risk assessment.","authors":"Samantha Venner, Natasha Maharaj, Diane Sivasubramaniam, Stephane M Shepherd","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2192254","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2192254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk assessment instruments are used to estimate risk of recidivism and aid in decision-making and treatment planning. However, many of these instruments, including the Level of Service/Risk, Need, Responsivity (LS/RNR), are validated on predominantly Western populations, and research has questioned whether the factors included in the LS/RNR adequately capture the experiences and needs of non-Western communities, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. The current study aimed to canvas the opinions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community justice workers as to the suitability of the LS/RNR for use with this population. A general qualitative methodology was adopted to gain in-depth information through the facilitation of a focus group, and data were analysed thematically. Whilst participants agreed that the LS/RNR risk factors are relevant to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander offenders, they reported that the instrument did not adequately capture relevant culturally specific considerations and made suggestions to improve the LS/RNR.</p>","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11018076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44238354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Death by hunger strike: suicide or not?","authors":"Joseph H Obegi","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2175069","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2175069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional thinking holds that most inmates who hunger strike do not desire to die. Rather, they want prison officials to concede to their demands. In this paper, I examine whether death by hunger strike can be classified as suicide. After reviewing definitions of suicide and suicidal intent, I conclude that some deaths by hunger strike can be readily classified as suicides. I further propose that conditional intention is a useful way to understand the complex motivations of hunger strikers. I close by discussing the implications of conditional intention for the assessment of suicidal intent among hunger strikers and for the duty of mental health providers to prevent suicide.</p>","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10916891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49223544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark D Snow, Quintan Crough, Cassandre Dion Larivière, Funmilola Ogunseye, Joseph Eastwood
{"title":"Remaining silent during interrogation.","authors":"Mark D Snow, Quintan Crough, Cassandre Dion Larivière, Funmilola Ogunseye, Joseph Eastwood","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2175074","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13218719.2023.2175074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In many Western jurisdictions, criminal suspects undergoing police interrogations have the right to remain silent. In this experiment, we examined the effects of remaining silent during police questioning on laypersons' perceptions of a suspect. Participants (<i>N</i> = 126) read one of three mock-interview transcripts (i.e. admission, denial or silence) and indicated the extent to which they agreed or disagreed that a male suspect in a missing person case was guilty, cooperative, trustworthy and rational. Participants expressed stronger agreement that the suspect was guilty when he admitted guilt than when he denied involvement or remained silent. When the suspect remained silent, participants viewed the suspect as less cooperative than when the suspect denied or admitted guilt and as less rational than when the suspect denied committing the crime. Our findings provide some support for the notion that remaining silent during police questioning may be viewed unfavourably by external observers.</p>","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11017994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48422517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chad M S Steel, Emily Newman, Suzanne O'Rourke, Ethel Quayle
{"title":"Technical profiles of child sexual exploitation material offenders.","authors":"Chad M S Steel, Emily Newman, Suzanne O'Rourke, Ethel Quayle","doi":"10.1080/13218719.2022.2148305","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13218719.2022.2148305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The idiographic technical profiles of child sexual exploitation material (CSEM) offenders provide insight into their behaviours and context for their interactions with technology, but minimal quantitative work has been done to evaluate their sociability, technical ability and technophilia compared to non-offenders. This work used an online survey to compare an offender group consisting of English-speaking adults previously convicted of CSEM offenses (<i>N</i> = 78) with a reference population of non-offenders (<i>N</i> = 254). The survey assessed sociability, technical ability and technophilia through self-rating and information on occupation, level of education and device ownership. The study found that CSEM offenders had slightly lower sociability than non-offenders, though not at a level of clinical interest. Additionally, CSEM offenders had no statistically significant difference in technical ability and lower overall technophilia when compared to non-offenders. This study fails to support popular perceptions of CSEM offenders being technically savvy loners who are early adopters of new technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":51553,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatry Psychology and Law","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10916919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46554819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}