Journal of Occupational Science最新文献

{"title":"Occupations, social connections, health, and well-being of US university students during COVID-19","authors":"Sheama Krishnagiri, K. Atler","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2100457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2100457","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: Participation in social occupations and some daily occupations decreased significantly due to social distancing and lockdown measures during COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known about how social occupations and connections impact the way people adapt to support their health and well-being. The aim of this study was to further discern the relationship between adaptation to occupational disruption, participation in social occupations, and health and well-being during the global pandemic. Method: Twenty-two university students completed in-depth interviews via video conferencing as part of a larger descriptive research design with multiple methods of data collection. In the interviews, students described their responses to social distancing measures and how they adapted their social occupations and social connections within their day-to-day occupations over several months. Results: Qualitative analysis, using constant comparative method, revealed three themes. First, changes in the nature of doing social occupations. Second, the impact on participation in all other occupations. And third, how these adapted occupations impacted perceived health and well-being. Portraits of three participants elucidate the complex interactions of factors within an individual’s life that influence occupational choices and adaptations. Conclusion: Students’ experiences in adapting and sustaining their social connections within the pandemic context reflect the non-linear fluid relationship between doing, being, becoming, and belonging and how life is improvised with occupational disruption. This dynamic relationship begins to identify some of the complexity between occupation, health, and well-being.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"306 - 322"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46566108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An occupational perspective on COVID-19","authors":"M. Stanley, B. Prodinger","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2099784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2099784","url":null,"abstract":"Dr Birgit Prodinger The COVID-19 global pandemic urges occupational scientists to examine such world events through an occupational lens. Few other events have been experienced in such a significant way across the globe and, whilst the impact and response has differed in different geographies, we have all experienced – temporarily or continuously – occupational disruption. Reflecting that global impact, the papers in this issue were submitted by authors from Europe, Africa, Australasia, and North America, providing readers with a variety of perspectives. Many educators of occupational science and/or occupational therapy took innovative approaches to their teaching and learning and required their students to examine howCOVID-19 and the public health responses impacted on their lives as students. The first three papers in this issue are examples with students from Turkey and from the US. The students in Turkey examined their time use in relation to occupational balance and temporal life satisfaction during the isolation period in May 2020 (Salar et al., 2022). Students who spent more time in study, socialising, and exercise had better occupational balance and those who spent more time watching TV had lower occupational balance. Socialising and exercise were adapted to occur within the confines of the home. To understand the impact of the pandemic on people’s daily lives, it can be worthwhile to compare what people have done prior to the pandemic. Werner and Jozkowski (2022) did so in examining the time use of US students during in comparison to one year prior to the pandemic. Students used visual representations as well as lists to report on their time use. The study revealed that driving was not reported as an occupation throughout the pandemic at all. Significant changes were revealed in time spent in studying, rest, and sleep. Also studying US university students’ experiences, Krishnagiri and Atler (2022) examined the adaptation of occupations, in particular social occupations, and their interaction with health and well-being in the earlier phase of the pandemic. Next to laying out how students experienced and underwent changes in occupations, the authors provide portraits of three students to illustrate the dynamics of doing, being, becoming, and belonging. Wegner et al. (2022) pivoted a student assignment to explore young adults’ leisure experiences in South Africa during the pandemic. The authors then took a meta-analytic approach to synthesise and thematically analyse the findings from the student’s work. Findings revealed occupational disruption to the lives of the young people during the confinement, particularly leisure and social occupations, however they adapted and developed new leisure occupations. The next group of studies explored impact of the pandemic on people living with chronic","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"281 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44802338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of intravenous acetaminophen on postoperative outcomes in hip fracture patients: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.","authors":"Jenny Sue Hyun Cho, Kristian McCarthy, Simone Schiavo, Binu Jacob, Marina Engelsakis, Michael Zywiel, Keyvan Karkouti, Stuart McCluskey, Hance Clarke, Jean Wong","doi":"10.1007/s12630-022-02257-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12630-022-02257-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Hip fractures are debilitating in older adults because of their impact on quality of life. Opioids are associated with adverse effects in this population, so oral acetaminophen is commonly prescribed to minimize opioid use. Intravenous (iv) acetaminophen has been reported to have superior efficacy and bioavailability than oral acetaminophen. Nevertheless, its effect on postoperative outcomes in emergency hip fractures is unclear. This systematic review assessed the effect of iv acetaminophen on postoperative outcomes in older hip fracture patients.</p><p><strong>Source: </strong>We searched multiple databases from inception to June 2021 for studies on adults > 50 yr of age undergoing emergency hip fracture surgery who received iv acetaminophen (or paracetamol) and that reported postoperative outcomes. Relevant titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened based on the eligibility criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the selected papers.</p><p><strong>Principal findings: </strong>Of 3,510 initial studies, four met the inclusion criteria. One was a prospective cohort study and three were retrospective cohort studies. All four studies used historical control groups. Three studies reported a significantly lower mean opioid dose with iv acetaminophen than with oral acetaminophen. Three studies also reported a significantly shorter hospital stay. One study each reported a significant decrease in the number of missed physical therapy sessions, the need for one-to-one supervision, and episodes of delirium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is very limited low-level evidence that iv acetaminophen improves preoperative and postoperative analgesia and shortens hospital stay in older hip fracture patients. Nevertheless, our results should be interpreted with caution since there are no prospective randomized trials investigating whether iv acetaminophen improves postoperative outcomes in this patient population.</p><p><strong>Study registration: </strong>PROSPERO (CRD42021198174); registered 15 August 2021.</p>","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"885-897"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82440054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“This pandemic has changed our daily living”: Young adults’ leisure experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa","authors":"L. Wegner, Shannon Stirrup, Himali Desai, Jo-Celene de Jongh","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2078995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2078995","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic is a global human ecosystem disruption affecting almost every facet of daily living. South Africa adopted a risk-adjusted approach comprising five-levels to curb the spread of COVID-19. Early in 2020, the country experienced level 5 and 4 restrictions, indicating high COVID-19 spread with low to moderate health system readiness. South Africans were largely confined to their homes. This study explored young adults’ experiences of leisure engagement during the confinement, adaptations made, and the influence on health and well-being. Thirteen occupational therapy student researchers conducted individual qualitative, exploratory-descriptive studies on young adults’ leisure experiences during the level 5 and 4 confinements. The authors used a qualitative meta-analytic approach to review the student researchers’ primary studies and synthesize findings for this paper. The sample comprised 65 participants aged 18 to 32 years (mean age 22.2 years), the majority being either students or employed. Participants were interviewed online or submitted written responses to open-ended questions focusing on their leisure engagement during the confinement. Relevant data were extracted from the primary studies and analyzed thematically. Four themes emerged: 1) disruption, 2) time, 3) adaptations to change, and 4) leisure benefits. Although participants experienced the confinement as disruptive, and restricting their leisure and social engagement, they adapted and developed new leisure occupations, which had a positive influence on their health and well-being. In conclusion, the young adults dealt with the occupational injustices of confinement by adapting their leisure engagement, thus displaying occupational resilience, which positively influenced health and well-being.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"323 - 335"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48864816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning about occupation together: An interdisciplinary graduate course","authors":"S. Huot, L. Bulk, Natasha Damiano, Anne-Cécile Delaisse, Bahareh Kardeh, Saori Ogura, S. Forwell","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2080755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2080755","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper outlines the approach to learning and knowing occupation adopted in a graduate level seminar focussed on the relationship between human occupation and society. Drawing on elements of transformational learning theory and critical pedagogy for the course design, instructors and students in the seminar engaged in a collective process of learning about occupation. Rather than focusing on the topical content of the course, this article outlines the ‘work in progress’ approach taken to support students in completing their course assignments. We outline the pedagogical theory informing the course design, share students’ descriptions of and reflections on completing their assignments, and discuss how the process of learning together enhanced our knowledge about occupation.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"519 - 531"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47276753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Doing together”: Mothers use co-occupation to scaffold the occupational engagement of their children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder","authors":"Lian-Marie Drotsky, P. Gretschel, Amshuda Sonday","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2061039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2061039","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT South Africa has the highest reported prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) worldwide. This paper describes the contribution mothers make to engage their children with FASD in occupations through ‘doing together’. It draws on the findings of a qualitative descriptive study to provide an understanding of the diverse ways in which mothers used co-occupation to facilitate the occupational engagement of their children with FASD. Nine mothers were purposively and incrementally sampled in line with the sampling principle of maximum variation. Semi-structured and photo elicitation interviews (PEI) were used to gain descriptions of the ways that mothers scaffolded their children’s participation during occupations they did together. Data were transcribed verbatim and inductively analysed. The theme ‘Doing together’ captured the primary way in which mothers fostered opportunities for their children to engage in and develop their participation in occupations. Nested in the theme were five categories, each describing particular ways of scaffolding during co-occupation: casual inclusion, flexible expectations, grading support, maximising opportunities and involving others. The findings revealed that mothers continued to invest in fostering occupational engagement, even when their children became adults. The specific scaffolding strategies these mothers used are discussed in relation to occupational scaffolding and co-occupation literature, highlighting the dynamics of person-context relations in an underdeveloped rural community. Study findings reveal mothers expertise in supporting the development of their children as occupational beings.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"591 - 606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47590152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19 restrictions on nursing home residents: An occupational perspective","authors":"Grace Richardson, Róisín Cleary, R. Usher","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2066158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2066158","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: In Ireland, stringent restrictions were implemented to protect nursing home residents from contracting COVID-19. There is limited empirical research on how restrictions impacted residents’ occupational engagement or well-being. This study explored the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the occupational engagement of nursing home residents and considered implications for occupational science. Methods: Using qualitative descriptive design, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with five residents in one nursing home. Two online focus groups were conducted with seven nursing home staff working across five sites. Data were analysed using interpretive thematic analysis. Results: Three overarching themes emerged regarding residents’ occupational engagement. ‘Loss of valued occupation’ related to residents’ reduced engagement in social and leisure occupations, with an erosion of the quality and meaning of their routine daily activities. ‘Counting the costs of restrictions on residents’ well-being’ revealed profound impacts on residents’ physical and mental health, including reduced mobility, weight loss, reduced independence, low mood and increased fear, anxiety, and frustration. ‘Finding resilience in the face of adversity’ indicated some hopeful adaptive and coping strategies among residents. Conclusions and implications: This study brings an occupational perspective to the impact of COVID-19 on nursing home residents by highlighting issues beyond infection control and virus transmission. Findings contribute to occupational science knowledge by highlighting issues of occupational deprivation, occupational disruption and reduced occupational choice, and ripple effects on well-being. Nursing home residents’ perspectives must be prioritised in future research and policy decision-making in responding and adapting to pandemics.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"386 - 401"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47501236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social citizenship when living with dementia: A qualitative meta-study","authors":"Hanne Peoples, Jakob Varming, H. Kristensen","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2061040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2061040","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background: Dementia has been labelled as a condition leading to ‘prescribed disengagement’ which negatively affects a person’s ability to remain an agentic citizen. Social citizenship has become a central focus within dementia studies and occupational science, with a view of people with dementia (PWD) as capable and active agents. However, PWD still experience stigmatization and exclusion from valued occupations and being treated as passive recipients, preventing them of practicing citizenship. Aim: The aim of this meta-study was to investigate what PWD perceive to enable or hinder social citizenship in their everyday occupations. Method: A qualitative meta-study was undertaken. A systematic search was performed in six databases and additional reports were found in the reference lists of the included reports. The meta-study included 14 reports with publication dates from January 2012 to April 2021. Results: The analysis identified four themes reflecting what may enable or hinder social citizenship in PWD’s everyday lives: 1) Having rights acknowledged and seizing self-empowerment, 2) Experiencing stigmatization and marginalization, 3) Belonging and interdependence, and 4) Connecting with places of community and continuity. Conclusion: The review identifies how contextual forces relating to society, culture, justice, and everyday life can promote and prevent a sense of social citizenship when living with dementia. This meta-study calls for dementia inclusive communities that provide occupational opportunities and view PWD as citizens in their own right, with fundamental rights to participate and contribute as valuable members of society.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":"30 1","pages":"453 - 471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45653826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing graduate occupational therapy students’ perceived time use, temporality, and tempo of occupational participation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"J. Werner, Amanda C. Jozkowski","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2061037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2061037","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The study of time use, habits, routines, and rituals is significant to occupational science inquiry, with established research techniques and numerous published reports documenting the temporal nature of human occupational behavior. Occupational therapy graduate students are therefore instructed on time use analysis methods. In a large public American university graduate program, self-evaluation of time use is used as a learning strategy, providing students rich opportunities to apply what they learn in class to gain a better understanding of their own lives. Following didactic instruction, the students in an introductory theory course were asked to document and reflect upon their time use on a recent day or week in spring 2019. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic prompted a statewide stay-at-home order and widespread school closures, including the conversion of all coursework to alternative online methods. In this context, the students in the following cohort completed the time use documentation and reflection assignment in spring 2020. The data from these assignments provide a unique opportunity to compare time use in the midst of a global pandemic to time use in the prior year. Anonymous data were compared between graduate student cohorts from the spring 2020 semester (n = 59) and spring 2019 (n = 58). Data were compiled and analyzed using NVivo software for qualitative analysis, and SPSS software for quantitative investigation. Results indicate that students attempted to self-organize their time with an emphasis on maintaining or correcting perceived shifts in temporarily and tempo. Students cited concern for their health and reported adjusting patterns of occupational engagement in studying, sleep, rest, and community mobility. Future research should query students’ motivations and feelings related to time use and perception of time.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"295 - 305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44782841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incarceration during a pandemic: A catalyst for extending the conceptual terrain of occupational deprivation","authors":"Elizabeth M. Phelps, R. Aldrich","doi":"10.1080/14427591.2022.2060286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14427591.2022.2060286","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Previous occupational science and occupational therapy literature has framed the consequences of occupational deprivation in relation to its long-term health and societal effects; however, the COVID-19 pandemic has illuminated the swift and life-threatening repercussions of occupational deprivation and the structural factors that perpetuate it for marginalized populations. In this discussion paper, we show how the intentional design of prisons around occupational deprivation has made incarcerated individuals particularly vulnerable to infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. We argue that public health recommendations designed to control the spread of disease, which require people to adapt their occupations and engage in health preserving occupations, conflict with the structure of prisons. On that basis, we propose the need for a broader understanding of occupational deprivation and the life-threatening effects it can have. We further argue for an expansion of existing conceptualizations to consider the immediacy of the consequences of occupational deprivation. We suggest that this more comprehensive understanding will provide a stronger foundation and greater urgency for advocacy efforts aimed at making structural changes.","PeriodicalId":51542,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Occupational Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"430 - 440"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49333324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}