Journal of African Economies最新文献_第4页

Quantifying Vulnerability to Poverty in the Drought-prone Lowlands of Ethiopia 量化易受干旱影响的埃塞俄比亚低地的贫困脆弱性

3区经济学

Journal of African Economies Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejad003

Emmanuel Skoufias, Katja Vinha, Berhe Mekonnen Beyene

{"title":"Quantifying Vulnerability to Poverty in the Drought-prone Lowlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Emmanuel Skoufias, Katja Vinha, Berhe Mekonnen Beyene","doi":"10.1093/jae/ejad003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejad003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A forward-looking measure of ‘vulnerability to poverty’ is estimated and a concerted effort is made to understand the sources of vulnerability in the drought-prone lowlands of Ethiopia. Using the Household Consumption Expenditure Survey and the Welfare Monitoring Survey of 2015–16, which include additional zones in the Afar and Somali regions increasing the representativeness of the survey in pastoral areas, the analysis reveals that vulnerability is remarkably higher in the drought-prone lowlands than in the other ecological zones, even though differences in poverty rates are modest. The analysis also reveals important distinctions in the sources of vulnerability. In the drought-prone lowlands, (i) the prevalence of both poverty-induced and risk-induced vulnerability is the highest among all the ecological zones and (ii) the importance of vulnerability due to aggregate shocks, such as droughts, relative to vulnerability due to idiosyncratic shocks is higher than in the other ecological zones. These findings attest to the unique nature of the drought-prone lowlands in comparison to the other agroecological zones of Ethiopia and the need for adaptive social protection programmes targeting not only the chronically poor but also the vulnerable.","PeriodicalId":51524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Economies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136187795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Poverty, Inequality and Social Protection Programs in Africa: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic 非洲的贫困、不平等和社会保护方案:2019冠状病毒病大流行的教训

IF 1.6 3区经济学

Journal of African Economies Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejac038

D. Ngui, N. Ndung’u, A. Shimeles

引用次数: 0

Structural Change and Inequality in Africa 非洲的结构变化与不平等

IF 1.6 3区经济学

Journal of African Economies Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejac050

Hanan Morsy, A. Shimeles, Tiguéné Nabassaga

引用次数: 1

Income Inequality and Redistribution in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲的收入不平等和再分配

IF 1.6 3区经济学

Journal of African Economies Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejac053

M. Niño-Zarazúa, Francesca Scaturro, V. Jordá, F. Tarp

{"title":"Income Inequality and Redistribution in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"M. Niño-Zarazúa, Francesca Scaturro, V. Jordá, F. Tarp","doi":"10.1093/jae/ejac053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejac053","url":null,"abstract":"A strand of the political economy literature emphasizes the effect of income inequality on growth and poverty, which materialises through redistribution. The theoretical expectation postulated by standard economic theory is that high inequality would lead to higher redistribution via the collective action of the median voter. The empirical literature testing the median voter theorem has been conducted in the context of industrialised economies. In this article, we examine the median voter hypothesis with specific reference to SSA, a region characterised by high levels of income inequality and limited redistribution. We adopt an instrumental variable approach to unpack the determinants and plausible mechanisms underpinning this relationship. In the article, we account for the effect of omitted top income earners in income inequality estimates, given their weight in the shape of the income distribution and their influence in redistributive policies. Overall, we find a positive relationship between inequality and redistribution in SSA, especially among middle-income countries. Further examination reveals that the abundance of natural resource rents seems to be the driving force affecting tax policy choices, which in turn exacerbates income inequality and undermines progressive redistribution. Thus, in assessing the relationship between inequality and redistribution, our results do not provide strong evidence to support the propositions of the median voter theorem, but instead, they call for alternative interpretations that seem to align more closely to the existence of multiple steady states.","PeriodicalId":51524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Economies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42841613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Alleviating Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Role of Inclusive Business Models 减轻撒哈拉以南非洲的贫困：包容性商业模式的作用

IF 1.6 3区经济学

Journal of African Economies Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejac048

B. Kamgnia, A. Ahoure

引用次数: 0

The Nexus between Poverty, Inequality and Growth: A Case Study of Cameroon and Kenya 贫困、不平等和增长之间的联系：以喀麦隆和肯尼亚为例

IF 1.6 3区经济学

Journal of African Economies Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejac045

B. Epo, Francis Menjo Baye, G. Mwabu, M. Etyang, P. Gachanja

{"title":"The Nexus between Poverty, Inequality and Growth: A Case Study of Cameroon and Kenya","authors":"B. Epo, Francis Menjo Baye, G. Mwabu, M. Etyang, P. Gachanja","doi":"10.1093/jae/ejac045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejac045","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We conduct an in-depth analysis of the nexus between inequality of opportunity and inclusive growth in Cameroon and Kenya employing cross-sectional data collected over two time periods in each country. Empirical results show that changes in education, health and labour market endowments have large effects on household economic well-being, as proxied by total expenditures per adult equivalent. Employing the regression-based decomposition, we find that effort-based variables are associated with greater Gini inequality compared with circumstance-based variables—more so for Cameroon than Kenya. Among the effort-based variables, education in Cameroon and health in Kenya, are the main correlates of income inequality. The factual and counterfactual distribution analyses undertaken demonstrate that equalisation of human capital endowments is strongly inequality-reducing and further promotes pro-poor growth. Meanwhile, elimination of circumstance disparities in Cameroon reduces Gini inequality, enhances pro-poorness of the growth process, promotes shared-prosperity in urban areas and reduces inequality between the tails of the distribution of well-being. In Kenya, elimination of circumstance-based disparities is pro-poor improving, shared prosperity enhancing, but Gini inequality augmenting. In contrast to the Cameroonian case, equalisation of circumstances increases inequality between the tails of the distribution of well-being. The mechanisms behind these findings are probably the country-specific redistributive policies.","PeriodicalId":51524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Economies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45604966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are Budget Neutral Income Floors Fiscally Viable in Sub-Saharan Africa? 在撒哈拉以南非洲，预算中性收入下限在财政上可行吗?

IF 1.6 3区经济学

Journal of African Economies Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejac049

N. Lustig, J. Jellema, Valentina Martinez Pabon

引用次数: 3

Progress on Poverty in Africa: The Importance of Growth and Inequality 非洲消除贫困的进展:增长和不平等的重要性

IF 1.6 3区经济学

Journal of African Economies Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejac047

A. Fosu

{"title":"Progress on Poverty in Africa: The Importance of Growth and Inequality","authors":"A. Fosu","doi":"10.1093/jae/ejac047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejac047","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Employing World Bank data, this paper, first, historically examines Africa's record on poverty incidence, spread and severity, as compared with other regions of the world, at the US$1.90 and US$3.20 per day (2011 PPP) poverty standards. Second, it evaluates country-specific progress on growth, poverty and inequality, and compares the ‘poverty transformation efficiency vector’ (PTEV) among African countries. Third, the study analyses the relative roles of income growth and inequality changes in explaining African countries' poverty records, through a decomposition of poverty changes using ‘optimal’ income and inequality elasticity estimates from the ‘identity’ model. The study finds that following the dismal record on poverty during the 1980s, progress on poverty has been appreciable since Africa's growth resurgence starting in the mid-1990s, and that this progress was driven mainly by income growth, consistent with the global evidence. Nonetheless, inequality often played a complementary role in most of the countries and, in a small number of cases, it was the primary driver of changes in poverty. Thus, the present study sheds light on country-specific differences in the relative roles of growth and inequality in poverty reduction on the continent, based on both qualitative and quantitative evidence. The study should, therefore, provide a useful compass to those who seek to understand country-specific situations within the African context.","PeriodicalId":51524,"journal":{"name":"Journal of African Economies","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47930249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Can Africa Learn from a Better Understanding of the Interaction among Growth, Inequality and Poverty in the Fight against the COVID-19 Pandemic? 在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中，非洲如何更好地理解增长、不平等和贫困之间的相互作用?

IF 1.6 3区经济学

Journal of African Economies Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejac040

E. Thorbecke

引用次数: 0

The Labour Market Impact of COVID-19 Lockdowns: Evidence from Ghana COVID-19封锁对劳动力市场的影响:来自加纳的证据

3区经济学

Journal of African Economies Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1093/jae/ejac039

Simone Schotte, Michael Danquah, Robert Darko Osei, Kunal Sen

引用次数: 0