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Conflict Management and Peace Science最新文献

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Pro-government militias and civil war termination 亲政府民兵与内战的结束
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Conflict Management and Peace Science Pub Date : 2021-11-24 DOI: 10.1177/07388942211048419
Chelsea Estancona, L. Reid
{"title":"Pro-government militias and civil war termination","authors":"Chelsea Estancona, L. Reid","doi":"10.1177/07388942211048419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07388942211048419","url":null,"abstract":"Why do governments choose to fund pro-government militias (PGMs) if doing so could extend costly civil conflict? While PGMs are active in a majority of civil wars, their impact on conflict termination remains poorly understood. We argue that the choice to fund PGMs is a strategic one for states and part of their efforts to influence wartime dynamics and conflict termination. We hypothesize that PGMs’ impact on conflict termination is conditional on whether they are government funded. Government-funded PGMs help states to ward off costly negotiations and encourage the rebellion's gradual dissolution. Using competing risks analyses on civil wars ending between 1981 and 2007, we find robust evidence that PGM funding affects conflict outcomes.","PeriodicalId":51488,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42954823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Secessionist conflict as diversion from inequality: The missing link between grievance and repression 分裂冲突是对不平等的转移：不满和镇压之间缺失的联系
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Conflict Management and Peace Science Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1177/07388942211055380
Valery Dzutsati
{"title":"Secessionist conflict as diversion from inequality: The missing link between grievance and repression","authors":"Valery Dzutsati","doi":"10.1177/07388942211055380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07388942211055380","url":null,"abstract":"Why do some secessionist claims turn violent and others stay peaceful? This study elucidates the role of inequality and diversionary tactics of states in secessionist violence. Horizontal inequality increases the grievances of minorities and fuels rebellion. States with high vertical inequality prefer to suppress peripheries instead of increasing redistribution and alleviating their material grievances. States shun redistributing toward peripheral regions because sharing with one group prompts demands for redistribution among other groups, including the dominant group. Fearing resource reallocation at the national scale and potential loss of their elevated social status, the elites opt for violent solutions for secessionist crises. Using a new dataset on self-determination movements I test these conjectures and find strong support for them.","PeriodicalId":51488,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49562120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Ethnic Stacking in Africa Dataset: When leaders use ascriptive identity to build military loyalty 非洲的种族堆叠数据集:当领导人使用归属身份来建立军事忠诚
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Conflict Management and Peace Science Pub Date : 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1177/07388942211044999
Kristen A. Harkness
{"title":"The Ethnic Stacking in Africa Dataset: When leaders use ascriptive identity to build military loyalty","authors":"Kristen A. Harkness","doi":"10.1177/07388942211044999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07388942211044999","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnicity has played a core role in the construction of African security institutions, with leaders often relying on coethnics to secure military loyalty. Such practices, termed ethnic stacking, likely have profound consequences for a range of important outcomes, from combat effectiveness to coup propensity to democratization. The Ethnic Stacking in Africa Dataset provides the first comprehensive data on the ethnic stacking practices of all African countries, from independence to 2018 (with 95.7% of leaders and 98.3% of country years recovered). This new data will allow scholars to better understand African militaries and their behavior and capabilities.","PeriodicalId":51488,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48884442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Arming for conflict, arming for peace? How small arms imports affect intrastate conflict risk 为冲突武装，为和平武装？小武器进口如何影响州内冲突风险
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Conflict Management and Peace Science Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.1177/07388942211045940
Andreas Mehltretter
{"title":"Arming for conflict, arming for peace? How small arms imports affect intrastate conflict risk","authors":"Andreas Mehltretter","doi":"10.1177/07388942211045940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07388942211045940","url":null,"abstract":"Although a prevalent technology of conflict, the impact of small arms imports on the risk of intrastate conflict outbreak has not been examined so far. This article argues that small arms not only enhance general military capabilities, but also contribute to state capacities necessary for conflict prevention. These two mechanisms are incorporated in a formal model of power shifts. The derived hypotheses are tested on 146 countries for the period 1993–2014. Using split-population and penalized fixed-effects logit models as innovative estimation methods for rare-events data, small arms imports are found to have no or even a risk-reducing impact.","PeriodicalId":51488,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46556052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Accountability and cyber conflict: examining institutional constraints on the use of cyber proxies 问责制和网络冲突:审查对使用网络代理的制度限制
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Conflict Management and Peace Science Pub Date : 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1177/07388942211051264
W. Akoto
{"title":"Accountability and cyber conflict: examining institutional constraints on the use of cyber proxies","authors":"W. Akoto","doi":"10.1177/07388942211051264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07388942211051264","url":null,"abstract":"As state-sponsored cyber operations have proliferated, some states are outsourcing these operations to non-state cyber proxies. However, given the relative ease of outsourcing cyber operations, it is puzzling why more states are not engaged in this practice. I examine how domestic accountability institutions potentially explain this restraint in the use of cyber proxies. I argue that in cases where the incumbent is likely to be held to account for cyber operations, there is restraint in the use of proxies. Moreover, I distinguish vertical from horizontal accountability and argue that because vertical accountability mechanisms directly threaten the tenure of the incumbent if outsourced cyber operations go wrong, it has a greater constraining effect relative to horizontal accountability. I test these propositions with new data on the activities of several hacker groups and robustly confirm that accountability institutions do place significant constraints on the use of cyber proxies.","PeriodicalId":51488,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48904855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
A perfect match? The dampening effect of interethnic marriage on armed conflict in Africa 完美匹配?异族通婚对非洲武装冲突的抑制作用
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Conflict Management and Peace Science Pub Date : 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/07388942211050875
Leila Demarest, Roos Haer
{"title":"A perfect match? The dampening effect of interethnic marriage on armed conflict in Africa","authors":"Leila Demarest, Roos Haer","doi":"10.1177/07388942211050875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07388942211050875","url":null,"abstract":"How does interethnic marriage influence the occurrence of ethnic violence in sub-Saharan Africa? Previous studies on the relationship between intergroup contact and conflict onset have produced mixed findings. Some scholars have argued that this might be due to the way interethnic contact is measured. Building on insights of social psychology, this study examines the influence of interethnic marriage as the ultimate form of positive intergroup contact. In doing so, we combine information of the Demographic and Health Surveys with event data on ethnic conflict. Our analysis shows that areas with higher levels of exogamy significantly experience less ethnic conflict.","PeriodicalId":51488,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44966564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Trickledown politics: Do excluded ethnic groups benefit from non-violent national resistance campaigns? 涓滴政治:被排斥的族群是否会从非暴力的国家抵抗运动中受益?
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Conflict Management and Peace Science Pub Date : 2021-10-16 DOI: 10.1177/07388942211045936
Brandon Ives
{"title":"Trickledown politics: Do excluded ethnic groups benefit from non-violent national resistance campaigns?","authors":"Brandon Ives","doi":"10.1177/07388942211045936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07388942211045936","url":null,"abstract":"When do excluded ethnic groups obtain more political inclusion? Scholarship demonstrates that ethnic minority-based behavior is consequential for more inclusion. Yet we know little of the consequences of national resistance campaigns for ethnic minorities. Building on literature identifying non-violent national resistance (NVR) campaigns as consequential for outcomes such as democracy, this article identifies non-violent tactic use as key to understanding when national resistance campaigns trickle down to benefit excluded ethnic groups. It establishes empirically that an excluded ethnic group whose country experiences an NVR campaign has a higher probability of more political inclusion.","PeriodicalId":51488,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45598728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
US aid and substitution of human rights violations 美国援助和替代侵犯人权行为
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Conflict Management and Peace Science Pub Date : 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.1177/07388942211045045
G. Kiyani
{"title":"US aid and substitution of human rights violations","authors":"G. Kiyani","doi":"10.1177/07388942211045045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07388942211045045","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the relationship between US aid and human rights violations in autocracies. It argues that autocratic leaders do not want to lose aid owing to their poor human rights records, and yet at the same time, cannot completely stop their rights violations because they often come into power through force. In this situation, the leader acts strategically by substituting the visible rights violations for invisible ones. However, substitution depends on the strategic relationship between the US and the recipient. If the recipient is strategically unimportant, then we can expect substitution; otherwise, it will not be necessary.","PeriodicalId":51488,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45003110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Female fighters and the fates of rebellions: How mobilizing women influences conflict duration 女战士与叛乱的命运:动员妇女如何影响冲突持续时间
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Conflict Management and Peace Science Pub Date : 2021-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/07388942211034746
Reed M. Wood, Lindsey Allemang
{"title":"Female fighters and the fates of rebellions: How mobilizing women influences conflict duration","authors":"Reed M. Wood, Lindsey Allemang","doi":"10.1177/07388942211034746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07388942211034746","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the potential relationship between female combatants and conflict duration. We contend that recruiting female combatants extends war duration via its influence on state–rebel bargaining. The recruitment and deployment of female combatants contribute to divergent perspectives between the rebels and the incumbent regarding the rebel group’s capabilities and the depth of its resolve, which impedes successful bargaining and extends the duration of the conflict. Results from duration analyses using data on the estimated prevalence of female combatants in rebel groups active between 1964 and 2011 support our central hypothesis and suggest that the use of female fighters is associated with longer conflicts.","PeriodicalId":51488,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49230114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Ideological motives and taxation by armed groups 意识形态动机与武装团体征税
IF 2.1 2区 社会学
Conflict Management and Peace Science Pub Date : 2021-08-02 DOI: 10.1177/07388942211033229
Jori Breslawski, Colin Tucker
{"title":"Ideological motives and taxation by armed groups","authors":"Jori Breslawski, Colin Tucker","doi":"10.1177/07388942211033229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07388942211033229","url":null,"abstract":"Which armed groups are the most likely to tax civilians? A common assumption is that armed groups only tax civilians when they lack access to other sources of revenue. However, recent insights have pointed to the fact that economic considerations are not the only influence on groups’ decisions to tax civilian populations. In this article, we argue that armed groups with a communist ideology are more likely to tax civilians than other groups because it serves as a testament to their ideological goals. We conduct a statistical analysis of armed groups operating from 1990 to 2015 and find support for our argument.","PeriodicalId":51488,"journal":{"name":"Conflict Management and Peace Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/07388942211033229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48881821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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