Critical Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Improved pregnancy rate and sex ratio in fresh/frozen <i>in vivo</i> derived embryo transfer of Hanwoo (<i>Bos taurus coreanae</i>) cows.","authors":"Jihyun Park, Wonyou Lee, Islam M Saadelin, Seonggyu Bang, Sanghoon Lee, Junkoo Yi, Jongki Cho","doi":"10.5187/jast.2023.e69","DOIUrl":"10.5187/jast.2023.e69","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the effects of embryonic developmental stage, quality grade, and fresh or frozen/thawed conditions on the pregnancy rate and sex ratio of live offspring in Hanwoo (<i>Bos taurus coreanae</i>) cows. The quality and developmental stage of <i>in vivo</i>-derived (IVD) transferred embryos were evaluated using the standard criteria of the International Embryo Technology Society. The recipient cows were synchronized using conventional (estradiol benzoate and progesterone) protocols before embryo transfer. Embryos were transferred to 297 cows, and pregnancy was monitored for 60-70 days after embryo transfer. The pregnancy rates of fresh and frozen/thawed embryos were 56.90% and 52.49%, respectively. Pregnancy rates varied according to embryo quality (56.18% for grade 1 vs. 36.67% for grade 2). Pregnancy rates also varied by developmental stage and cryopreservation (67.86% vs. 63.49% for stage 4-1, 64.00% vs. 54.72% for 5-1, and 50.00% vs. 47.83% for 6-1, in fresh embryos vs. frozen/thawed embryos, respectively). For stage 7-1, the pregnancy rates were 72.73% for fresh embryos and 20.00% for frozen/thawed embryos. In 66 fresh embryos, the sex ratio of live offspring was 5:5, whereas it was 4(female):6(male) for frozen/thawed embryos among the 95 frozen/thawed embryos. The miscarriage rate was approximately 3% higher for frozen/thawed embryos than for fresh embryos (18.1% for fresh vs. 21.1% for frozen). Seasonal fertility rates were 33.3% in spring, 55.67% in summer, 52.8% in autumn, 60.0% in winter. The following male-to-female ratios were observed in different seasons: 6.7:3.3 in spring, 4.0:6.0 in summer, 5.5:4.5 in autumn, and 3.3:6.7 in winter. The current data revealed no significant differences in pregnancy rates between fresh and frozen/thawed IVD embryos. However, there was a lower pregnancy rate with advanced-stage frozen/thawed embryos (stage 7-1). The current study provides comprehensive results for the better optimization of embryo transfer in Hanwoo cattle to obtain the desired fertility rate, pregnancy rate, and sex ratio of calves. These results provide important insights into the factors that influence the viability and success of IVD embryo transfer in Hanwoo cows and may have practical applications for improving breeding programs and reducing production costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":51469,"journal":{"name":"Critical Public Health","volume":"16 1","pages":"779-791"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10640948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81587080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“It’s different for heterosexuals”: exploring cis-heteronormativity in COVID-19 public health directives and its impacts on Canadian gay, bisexual, and queer men","authors":"E. Daroya, M. Gaspar, Cornel Grey, D. Lessard, B. Klassen, S. Skakoon-Sparling, J. Sinno, Barry Adam, A. Perez-Brumer, N. Lachowsky, Jordan M. Sang, T. Hart, J. Cox, D. Tan, D. Grace","doi":"10.1080/09581596.2023.2226807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2023.2226807","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51469,"journal":{"name":"Critical Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43710197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"E-cigarette flavours and vaping as a social practice: implications for tobacco control","authors":"M. Blank, J. Hoek","doi":"10.1080/09581596.2023.2226806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2023.2226806","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51469,"journal":{"name":"Critical Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43805915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Public-in-Waiting: Children’s representation and inclusion in Aotearoa New Zealand’s COVID-19 public health response","authors":"J. Spray, Samantha Samaniego","doi":"10.1080/09581596.2023.2227334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2023.2227334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51469,"journal":{"name":"Critical Public Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48242604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do you see the problem? Visualising a generalised 'complex local system' of antibiotic prescribing across the United Kingdom using qualitative interview data.","authors":"Rebecca E Glover, Nicholas B Mays, Alec Fraser","doi":"10.1080/09581596.2023.2210743","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09581596.2023.2210743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is often referred to as a complex problem embedded in a complex system. Despite this insight, interventions in AMR, and in particular in antibiotic prescribing, tend to be narrowly focused on the behaviour of individual prescribers using the tools of performance monitoring and management rather than attempting to bring about more systemic change. In this paper, we aim to elucidate the nature of the local antibiotic prescribing 'system' based on 71 semi-structured interviews undertaken in six local areas across the United Kingdom (UK). We applied complex systems theory and systems mapping methods to our qualitative data to deepen our understanding of the interactions among antibiotic prescribing interventions and the wider health system. We found that a complex and interacting set of proximal and distal factors can have unpredictable effects in different local systems in the UK. Ultimately, enacting performance management-based interventions in the absence of in-depth contextual understandings about other pressures prescribers face is a recipe for temporary solutions, waning intervention effectiveness, and unintended consequences. We hope our insights will enable policy makers and academics to devise and evaluate interventions in future in a manner that better reflects and responds to the dynamics of complex local prescribing systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":51469,"journal":{"name":"Critical Public Health","volume":"33 1","pages":"459-471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10388844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41822594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quest for diffusible community health worker projects and the pitfalls of scaling culture","authors":"Luis Aue, Tine Hanrieder","doi":"10.1080/09581596.2023.2214689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2023.2214689","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Researchers of community health worker (CHW) models in many countries are looking for ways to scale without losing one of their main advantages, their context-sensitivity. This paper looks at one research strategy to make CHW projects scalable, namely by developing a generic notion of culture-sensitivity. Based on in-depth qualitative analysis, we reconstruct how ‘culture’ has been enshrined in a US-based CHW project and specifically in the artefact of a binder with teaching materials for vulnerable mothers. The inscription of generalized, culture-sensitive spaces into the binder did allow the Project to comply with standards of evidence-based medicine while respecting community self-determination and made space for creative and competent CHW practices. Yet at the same time, it took away from more substantive conceptions of community engagement and from community empowerment through CHWs. Our analysis highlights how the focus on culture can invisibilise and displace the importance of competent CHW practice and processes of community engagement.","PeriodicalId":51469,"journal":{"name":"Critical Public Health","volume":"33 1","pages":"485 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47876517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“A change in the narrative, a change in consensus”: the role of Deep End networks in supporting primary care practitioners serving areas of blanket socioeconomic deprivation","authors":"J. Wildman, S. Sowden, C. Norman","doi":"10.1080/09581596.2023.2205569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2023.2205569","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT England’s primary care crisis threatens the ability of general practice to play its role in the latest attempts to address the nation’s stubbornly persistent health inequalities. The primary care crisis is particularly acute in areas of blanket socioeconomic deprivation, where need is greatest. Deep End networks of general practitioners (GPs) are being established in the UK, and internationally, in response to the challenges of delivering primary care in deprived areas. As part of the co-creation of a Deep End network in the North East and North Cumbria, in this study we capture the challenges of delivering primary care in socioeconomically deprived areas that, if not addressed, threaten ambitions to reduce health inequalities. We also explore ways in which a Deep End network could support delivery of more effective primary care. In-depth interviews were conducted between September 2020 and April 2021 with 15 practitioners working in Deep End general practices in North East and North Cumbria. We find that the Deep End metaphor is apposite: it is the volume of clinical and social patient need that creates burdens for Deep End practitioners. We also find a severe mismatch between the demands of caring for Deep End communities and the fantasy paradigm that expects GPs to address health inequalities while failing to redistribute resources to areas of greatest need. We identify practitioners’ hopes for a Deep End network that delivers initiatives tailored to patients’ needs, gives a name to their struggles, and advocates for wider healthcare system recognition of deprivation, and a funding formula that recognises need.","PeriodicalId":51469,"journal":{"name":"Critical Public Health","volume":"33 1","pages":"434 - 446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44981623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing school cultures for mental wellbeing in Hong Kong: the potential of pedagogic practices that take power into account","authors":"L. Tang, P. Tsui, A. K. Shum, W. G. Leung, D. Lung, P. Ng, Kenus P. Y. Leung, Paul S. F. Yip","doi":"10.1080/09581596.2023.2207721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2023.2207721","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT School-based programs are recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to promote mental health for young people. However the effectiveness of such programs varies, and there are multi-level challenges to embedding mental health education in schools. Further, critical scholarship has focused on the ways in which such programs can contribute to neoliberal goals, rather than empowering students meaningfully. Our research used focus group interviews to capture the perspectives and experiences of teachers and children participating in a school-based program in Hong Kong. We applied Bernstein’s theory of pedagogic practices to analyze the interview data, in particular the concepts of boundaries and framing. We identified rigid boundaries between classrooms, the wider school, and home. Boundaries between academic and wider learning, and between school leaders and teachers, hindered cultural change towards mental wellbeing in schools. The program in this study reduced boundaries between students, and between students and teachers. This enhanced students’ communication, and bonding with peers and teachers. School culture about mental health education was found to have weak framing, with students having more influence on the learning process in this program than they currently do in other subjects. We argue that understanding boundaries and framing underpins development of better pedagogic practices in mental health education. When rooted in careful analysis of power relationships with school cultures, mental health promotion is not necessarily aligned with dominant values in society that privilege academic success over wellbeing. School-based programs can provide co-learning spaces for teachers and students, that encourage learning about mental health.","PeriodicalId":51469,"journal":{"name":"Critical Public Health","volume":"33 1","pages":"472 - 484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45309484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Habermas’ theory of communicative action to transform sociological analyses of evidence-based policy","authors":"C. Bonell, G. Melendez‐Torres","doi":"10.1080/09581596.2023.2204182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2023.2204182","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Many sociological analyses of evidence-based policy frame it as contributing to the rationalisation of social relations, and being constructed through and implicated in systems of knowledge/power. These analyses are based on social theory placing insufficient emphasis on the emancipatory potential of evidence, and the possibility of rational adjudication of truth claims. We argue sociological engagement with evidence-based policy could be transformed by being informed by the work of Habermas. Habermas’ work could enable a more nuanced view of EBP in terms of whether or not this leads to rationalisation in the form of de-politicisation or marginalisation of citizens’ voices. Habermas’ work on knowledge-constitutive interests could inform a reconstructed view of evidence, disabused of positivist assumptions and with increased emancipatory potential. Habermas’ notion of the ideal speech situation as a procedural basis for truth could function as a standard for exploring how EBP is affected by power asymmetries, as well as for adjudicating truth claims.","PeriodicalId":51469,"journal":{"name":"Critical Public Health","volume":"33 1","pages":"495 - 502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43499295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using discursive approaches to examine the utility and functions of language in public health and health promotion: highlighting social constructions of e-cigarettes","authors":"G. Wilson, J. Keenan, L. Porcellato, I. Gee, B. Gough, S. Grogan","doi":"10.1080/09581596.2023.2201658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2023.2201658","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article uses discursive approaches to examine the utility and functions of language in public health, focusing on social constructions of e-cigarettes. Due to the ambiguity surrounding the use of e-cigarettes, understanding may be negotiated collaboratively through co-construction in talk. Ten participants, three men and seven women aged 26–47 years, took part in two focus groups in Manchester, UK, where they discussed e-cigarettes. Data were analysed using blended discourse analysis, with a view to identifying dominant repertoires used by speakers. Participants drew from two discursive frameworks to communicate perceptions of e-cigarettes: (1) uncertainty and risk and (2) the social acceptability and stigma spectrum. The ambiguity surrounding e-cigarettes was reflected in the linguistic devices used in talk. This article demonstrates the value of drawing on discourse analysis to better understand the impact of health-related communication by providing insight into how existing messages are interpreted, co-constructed, and assigned meaning through shared interactions.","PeriodicalId":51469,"journal":{"name":"Critical Public Health","volume":"33 1","pages":"447 - 458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46278475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}