Journal of Zoology and Systematics最新文献

{"title":"Coated Crystalline Amino Acid Supplementation May Assist Higher Soybean Meal Inclusion in Diets for Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) With Improved Protein Assimilation and Retention","authors":"Simon John Davies, M. Bell","doi":"10.56946/jzs.v2i2.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56946/jzs.v2i2.425","url":null,"abstract":"The aquaculture industry has previously relied on high-quality fishmeal (FM) to fabricate diets of excellent standards. However, plant-based proteins such as soybean are more economic for low-value fish species, for example, tilapia and carp, and fishmeal use has been significantly lessened. Previous studies have addressed standard soybean meal (SBM) sources in aquafeeds seldom addressing essential amino acid correction. An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the replacement of fish meal with soybean meal concentrate in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using a semi-purified diet against a Low Temperature (LT) fishmeal as a primary reference protein. Four diets with varying levels of soybean meal were evaluated and compared to a control diet of 100 % fish meal. Three diets containing 20, 40, and 80 % soybean protein concentrate (SBPC) were examined. The fourth diet consisted of 80 % SBPC and supplementation with two essential amino acids: lysine and methionine (80SBPCAA) in a coated form. Daily growth values highlight similar rates when tilapia was fed 100FM and 40SBPC diets. No differences were observed in the final mean weights for all soybean-fed tilapia, but they were marginally lower than the 100FM control diet group.   The 80SBPC diet showed the poorest feed conversion ratio (FCR) at 1.31 and protein efficiency ratio (PER) at 2.19. However, the 80SBPCAA diet showed a significantly improved percent weight gain for tilapia compared to the 80SBPC-fed tilapia. PER was significantly higher at 2.47 and had a better Apparent Net Protein Utilization (ANPU) value of 28.51 % compared to un-supplemented 80SBPC-fed tilapia (25.48 %). These results confirmed that high-quality fishmeal can be substituted by up to 40 % SBPC alone and without any detrimental effects on growth or carcass composition in juvenile tilapia. Crystalline coated essential amino acid supplementation showed marginal improvement of performance for tilapia at high SBPC inclusion level.","PeriodicalId":514557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology and Systematics","volume":"58 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review on Fisheries Resources and the Effect of Marine Pollution in Coastal Waters of Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Wasim Khan Wasim, Ghulam Abbas","doi":"10.56946/jzs.v2i1.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56946/jzs.v2i1.312","url":null,"abstract":"The people who reside in the Balochistan and Sindh Provinces rely on the abundant fish and shellfish resources in Pakistan's coastal waters for food and a living. The fish populations in the two marine provinces are at different levels because of their very different topographies. Fisheries make a minimal contribution to the national GDP (0.32%), and their contribution to Pakistan's agricultural GDP is 1.4%, whereas 0.01% of employment is derived from fisheries. Fish production reached 800,000 metric tonnes in 2022, with varying production from marine waters. Just 25% of the country's total fishery production was exported, with 496 million US dollars. The stagnant trend in fish production, especially in Sindh province, indicates that fish stocks are being overfished. The Government of Pakistan's Marine Fisheries Department and the FAO worked together from 2009 to 2015 to conduct a number of fish stock assessment surveys. The final evaluation report states that large fishing fleets and current fishing practices amount to \"fishing for catastrophe,\" with the principal fish populations in Pakistani seas being overfished and decimated by 60-90 percent. Prominent ecological changes include the decrease of large-bodied, slowly growing, highly valuable predatory species; an increase in short-lived, fast-growing, small-sized species with low commercial value; a wide variety of cephalopods, mainly squids and cuttlefish (an opportunistic, fast-growing group); and an abundance of jellyfish, which further disrupts resources severely. The fishing fleet's overcapacity, harmful fishing gear, inadequate storage on fishing vessels, lack of cool chain maintenance, inadequate landing place infrastructure, and destruction of mangroves are some of the major problems facing marine fisheries. Along the Karachi shore, the primary effects of pollution are habitat loss, eutrophication in some areas due to deteriorating water quality, hazardousness to aquatic life, particularly to the commercial species’ larval stages, suffocation of intertidal marine vegetation and animals, sub-lethal effects on development and reproduction, red tides, pathogen-contaminated fish and shellfish, and the bioaccumulation of hazardous substances, especially heavy metals. Ultimately, these factors lead to the nearshore ecosystem depleting its marine life resources.","PeriodicalId":514557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology and Systematics","volume":"23 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141342989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Metals Cause Toxicity, Histopathological Abnormalities and Oxidative Stress in Major Carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala)","authors":"Maria Saeed Khan, Abdul Ghaffar, Habiba Jamil, Shumaila Khalid, Batha Tafazul","doi":"10.56946/jzs.v2i1.325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56946/jzs.v2i1.325","url":null,"abstract":"An aquatic ecosystem is significantly contaminated by the unrestricted release of heavy metals from agricultural and industrial waste. Enhancement of industries correlates with improper dumping of waste products, influencing water pollution via releasing elevated concentrations of heavy metals, including nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), silver (Ag), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe). Metals are the primary motive for causing a variety of anomalies in aquatic animals, including fish. Commercially, humans use freshwater fish as food in various regions of Asia. The excessive release of these metals causes toxicity in fish, which is unsafe for human consumption. Heavy metals cause histological alteration and abnormalities in various fish species, including Indian significant carps (Thala, rohu, mori). Additionally, their toxicity causes oxidative stress in aquatic species. Various techniques have recently been applied to reduce toxic contaminants in marine environments. However, the bioremediation process plays a major role in lowering the toxicants through microorganisms, especially various species of bacteria. The objective of the recent study was to specify the specific organs (liver, gills, kidney, brain, muscle, and heart) of fish that are examined for histopathological impacts. ","PeriodicalId":514557,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Zoology and Systematics","volume":"137 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141281926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}