British Journal of Sociology最新文献

{"title":"Stressful life events and depressive symptoms during COVID-19: A gender comparison","authors":"Yue Qian,&nbsp;Wen Fan","doi":"10.1111/1468-4446.13067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-4446.13067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated a wide range of public health, economic, social, and political shocks, setting in motion life events that reverberated to affect individuals' mental health. Moving beyond a checklist approach, this study drew on individuals' own words to identify both conventional and novel sources of stress during COVID-19 and examine the role of stressful life events in producing gender disparities in depressive symptoms. Drawing on a 2021 U.S. nationally representative survey, we coded text responses to an open-ended question on stressful life events and conducted descriptive and regression analyses (<i>n</i> = 1733). The analyses revealed three key findings. First, men were more likely to report having experienced no stressful life events or else mention politics as a source of stress. Women, by comparison, were more likely to report the following as stressful—inability to socialize, paid work, care work, health, or the death of loved ones. Second, for both women and men, respondents reporting no stressful life events had the lowest, and those reporting finances as the most stressful life event had the highest, depressive symptoms. Third, women had higher depressive symptoms than men, and mediation analysis showed that stressful life events explained approximately a third of the gender gap in depressive symptoms. The findings indicate that policies attending to people's financial stress are important for mitigating mental health risks in turbulent times. Interventions that reduce women's exposure to stressful life events are also crucial to bridging gender disparities in mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":51368,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sociology","volume":"75 1","pages":"38-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-4446.13067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136400266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early-life impairments, chronic health conditions, and income mobility","authors":"Alexi Gugushvili,&nbsp;Therese Dokken,&nbsp;Jan Grue,&nbsp;Jon Erik Finnvold","doi":"10.1111/1468-4446.13064","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-4446.13064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Individuals who have congenital conditions or become disabled early in life tend to have poorer educational and occupational outcomes than non-disabled individuals. Disability is known to be a complex entity with multiple causations, involving, inter alia, physiological, social, economic, and cultural factors. It is established that social factors can influence educational and occupational attainment for disabled people, and current disability policy in many countries, particularly in the Global North, stress the importance of equality of opportunity. However, there is a scarcity of research that explores the specific degrees to which advanced welfare states contribute to the equalization of life chances for individuals with early-life impairments and chronic health conditions. In this study, we use a Norwegian sample of high-quality register data on individuals with vision loss, hearing loss, physical impairment, type 1 diabetes, asthma, and Down syndrome diagnosed early in life and compare their intergenerational income mobility trajectories with a random sample drawn from the country's entire population. We find that individuals' early-life diagnoses are linked to significantly worse income outcomes in adulthood than what is observed among the general population. We conclude that even in one of the most advanced egalitarian welfare states, such as Norway, much remains to be done to equalize life chances for individuals with early-life impairments and chronic health conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":51368,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sociology","volume":"75 1","pages":"56-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-4446.13064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generations, events, and social movement legacies: Unpacking social change in English football (1980–2023)","authors":"Mark Turner,&nbsp;Jan Andre Lee Ludvigsen","doi":"10.1111/1468-4446.13065","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-4446.13065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article critically employs the case of association football in England, from 1980 to 2023, as a social movement <i>timescape</i>, to examine the political consciousness and long-term mobilisations of a generation of football supporter activists, and their capacity to influence politics, and respond to new, emerging, critical junctures, through networks of trust and shared memories of historical events. This is of crucial importance to sociology because it reveals the tensions between what are considered legitimate and illegitimate social practices which characterise contemporary society's moral economy. Focusing on temporal contestations over regulation, policing, governance and cultural rituals, the article deconstructs the role of generations in social movements, and critically synthesises relational-temporal sociology and classic and contemporary work on the sociology of generations, to show how legacy operates as a multifaceted maturing concept of power and time. In English football's neoliberal <i>timescape</i>, the supporters' movement has reached a critical juncture; the future will require a new generation of activists, to negotiate, resist and contest the new hegemonic politics of social control and supporter engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":51368,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sociology","volume":"75 1","pages":"93-107"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-4446.13065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72016133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The government of emergency: Vital systems, expertise, and the politics of security. By Stephen J. Collier and Andrew Lakoff, Princeton University Press. 2021","authors":"Ryan Hagen","doi":"10.1111/1468-4446.13062","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-4446.13062","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51368,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sociology","volume":"74 5","pages":"980-982"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of race brokers","authors":"John Nelson Robinson","doi":"10.1111/1468-4446.13063","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-4446.13063","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;More than four decades ago, sociologist Thomas Pettigrew famously called residential segregation in the US the “linchpin” of racial inequality. Those words deeply influenced the discipline and have stuck with it through the years. Researchers have since widely documented the causes of segregation (things like unequal resource access, discrimination and residential preferences), as well as its effects (including individual- and neighborhood-level disparities in wealth, education, health, and more). But few studies explicitly aim to study the actual mechanisms and processes that connect segregation's broad causes with its broad consequences. Elizabeth Korver-Glenn's &lt;i&gt;Race Brokers&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;i&gt;Housing Markets and Segregation in the 21st Century&lt;/i&gt; marks the latest addition to that emerging literature. It draws from the author's multi-method study of real estate professionals in the Houston metro area. It includes a diverse but judiciously marshalled array of data: interviews with various types of professionals, ethnographic observations from shadowing them, and various quantitative analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Race Brokers&lt;/i&gt; makes two related, overarching contributions. First, the book identifies and explains the mechanisms driving segregation across various “stages” of the home-buying process. Specifically, it frames segregation as a problem of both continuity and change. At every turn, the book is saying: so much has changed over the years. But segregation persists. Why? For &lt;i&gt;Race Brokers&lt;/i&gt;: that's the puzzle. The book is quite explicit and intentional about identifying what exactly is new about it. We see, for example, how actual mortgage denial today plays a smaller role in the exclusion of applicants of color from access to mortgage credit. Instead, white mortgage bankers almost exclusively “network” with white real estate agents and their clients. So the racial exclusion happens indirectly—but no less harmfully—through the formation of these exclusionary networks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;There are obviously many mechanisms and processes driving segregation. But a critical one highlighted by sociologists over the years is the “dual” structuring of the housing market. That is, housing market dynamics seem to behave differently in white versus nonwhite (especially black and Hispanic) areas: in racially different areas, we often find different types of housing stock, different types of housing-related businesses and organizations, and different ways of producing housing-related profits, for example, scholars linked to the racial capitalism literature frequently remind us that such markets exist relationally: the accumulation and appreciation of home values in white areas largely depends on the devaluation of property in non-white (and especially black and Hispanic) areas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;i&gt;Race Brokers&lt;/i&gt;, we see this racialized and relational construction of value across different Houston neighborhoods playing out in a detailed and devastating way. The game in white areas","PeriodicalId":51368,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sociology","volume":"75 1","pages":"135-137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-4446.13063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49693780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deepening the divide: Does globalization increase the polarization between winners and losers of globalization?","authors":"Rasmus Ollroge","doi":"10.1111/1468-4446.13060","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-4446.13060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Does globalization increase polarization in attitudes toward international trade, immigration, and international organizations? Research from a variety of fields and disciplines assumes this relationship, but empirical studies are few. In this study, I examine whether globalization increases the attitudinal divide between education groups, with education being one of the main characteristics of social stratification distinguishing winners from losers of globalization. I use data from three waves of the National Identity Module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) from 1995 to 2013 covering 29 countries (<i>n</i> = 79,101) to analyze between- and within-country interactions between the level of globalization and education in explaining attitudes toward globalization. The results show that while the attitudinal divide between educational groups is larger in countries with higher levels of globalization (between effect), polarization decreases as the level of globalization increases within countries (within effect), as persons with lower and medium levels of education become more positive toward globalization under increasing levels of globalization. The results are consistent across a wide range of robustness checks, including controlling for occupational class as a further distinction between winners and losers of globalization. The findings suggest that the expectations about a widening attitudinal divide between winners and losers of globalization should be treated with more caution.</p>","PeriodicalId":51368,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sociology","volume":"74 5","pages":"873-914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-4446.13060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49693779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived research productivity of women in higher education: An investigation of the impact of COVID-19","authors":"Aslı Ermiş-Mert","doi":"10.1111/1468-4446.13058","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-4446.13058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on the predictors of women academics' perceived research productivity during the pandemic in Türkiye, by taking the changes in paid and unpaid workload alongside the felt pressure concerning productivity into consideration. Predicting the odds to report an above the mean level of decrease in perceived research productivity, unlike expected, increased housework time and administrative workload presented no statistically significant effect. On the other hand, extended care responsibilities (including but not limited to childcare) and felt pressure concerning research performance during the pandemic strongly predicted a high level of reported decrease in research productivity. Findings highlight that institutional care support mechanisms should be among the primary concerns since the pandemic has made the already existing gender inequalities in academia more visible in terms of the challenges women face in balancing paid and unpaid work. In addition, as excess pressure felt by women academics regarding research performance is linked to a decline in reported productivity, creating a compassionate environment in academia not only in unprecedented circumstances but at all times needs to be priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":51368,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sociology","volume":"75 1","pages":"48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49684835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threatening dystopias: The global politics of climate change adaptation in Bangladesh. By Kasia Paprocki, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. 2021. p. 267 including front matter, appendices, glossary, bibliographical references, and index","authors":"Haripriya Rangan","doi":"10.1111/1468-4446.13061","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-4446.13061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51368,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sociology","volume":"74 5","pages":"977-979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135511821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hedged out. Inequality and insecurity on Wall Street. By Megan Tobias Neely, University of California Press. 2022. pp. 336. £22.69 (hbk)","authors":"Céline Bessière","doi":"10.1111/1468-4446.13059","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-4446.13059","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Whether in the City of London, Paris, Switzerland, Chicago or Wall Street, the social sciences have been exploring financial capitalism through studying the everyday work and professional careers of its actors for more than two decades (Boussard, &lt;span&gt;2017&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;Finance at Work&lt;/i&gt;, 2017). This scholarship has examined traders (Zaloom, &lt;span&gt;2006&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;Out of the Pits: Traders and Technology from Chicago to London&lt;/i&gt;; Godechot, 2007 (&lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;i&gt;The Working Rich: Wages, Bonuses and Appropriation of Profit in the Financial Industry&lt;/i&gt;), investment bankers (Ho, &lt;span&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;Liquidated: An Ethnography of Wall Street&lt;/i&gt;) and private wealth managers (Harrington, &lt;span&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt; &lt;i&gt;Capital Without Borders: Wealth Managers and the One Percent&lt;/i&gt;), among many other studies of financial elites.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In &lt;i&gt;Hedged Out&lt;/i&gt;, Megan Tobias Neely contributes to this field by exploring a “black box” at the heart of financial capitalism: the shadow-banking world of hedge funds. As Neely explains in the introduction of the book, hedge funds are private financial firms that pool large sums of money from wealthy people and large institutions to invest in the stock market. With venture capital and private equity firms, hedge funds are credit intermediaries that are less regulated (and less taxed) than better known commercial and investment banks. These are smaller companies, which are less stabilized and institutionalized than banks because of their riskier activity. As Neely explains: “When the market is in a downward spiral, as in a “bear” market, hedge funds must perform “hedges” and short-sell stock (bet that companies will fail) to profit. But when the market grows — that is, a “bull” market — hedge funds must take on more risk to outperform the market” (note 81, p. 18). The high volumes they trade in can bring enormous profits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A former financial worker herself — she worked as an analyst in the Seattle office of one of the world's largest hedge funds from 2007 to 2010 – Neely does not describe in detail the inner workings of these companies - neither their organization nor their concrete activity - which she describes as “opaque” and “convoluted” (p. 4). For an ethnographic description and critical analysis of practices of pricing, valuation and investment in credit intermediaries, one should turn to Ortiz's book &lt;i&gt;The Everyday Practice of Valuation and Investment&lt;/i&gt; recently translated into English (Columbia University Press &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt; [2014]), which is surprisingly not mentioned in the book. Instead, &lt;i&gt;Hedged Out&lt;/i&gt; is primarily focused on the professional careers of hedge fund managers and specifically on the paradox of small firms, which are supposedly culturally open and horizontally organized, being run by an exclusive group of white men from the upper middle class. The concept of being “hedged out” is meant “to explore boundary-making around gender, race and social class that allows insiders to hoard r","PeriodicalId":51368,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sociology","volume":"75 1","pages":"132-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-4446.13059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136142518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life funds, urban development, and the experimental practices of financial sociology","authors":"Liz McFall","doi":"10.1111/1468-4446.13057","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1468-4446.13057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>How did the Norwich Union, a life and general insurance company, come to see itself as a ‘local developer with people always at the centre of our planning’? This article explores how a small number of insurance companies, capitalising on their long history of property investment, used their investment funds, or ‘life funds’, to transform the built environment of UK in the twentieth century. In the postwar period life funds were contracted by local governments to finance, plan and develop solutions to urban issues that paralleled those targeted by post-war welfare reforms. This involved companies in developing expertise, working practices, instruments and collaborative arrangements that are not adequately represented as financial investment. Ventures into development on this scale had also to be ventures in futures planning, calculated bets on how people would – and how they should – live, work and spend. These are enterprises that I characterise as ‘experimental practices of financial sociology’ as a provocation that acknowledges first, that non-sociologists sometimes devise huge sociological experiments and second, that the separation of economics from sociology, and of finance from society, is a disciplinary move that is far less strictly enacted outside the academy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51368,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Sociology","volume":"75 1","pages":"73-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1468-4446.13057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41161059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}