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Current Knowledge of Helminths of Wild Birds in Ecuador 厄瓜多尔野生鸟类螺旋体的现有知识

Birds Pub Date : 2024-02-02 DOI: 10.3390/birds5010007

Patricio D. Carrera-Játiva, G. Jiménez-Uzcátegui

引用次数: 0

Population Status and Colony Characteristics of Eleonora’s Falcon (Falco eleonorae) in the National Marine Park of Alonissos—Northern Sporades, Greece 希腊阿洛尼索斯-北斯波拉德国家海洋公园中埃莱奥诺拉隼（Falco eleonorae）的种群状况和群落特征

Birds Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.3390/birds5010006

D. Bakaloudis, Evangelos G. Kotsonas, Stavroula P. Saxoni

{"title":"Population Status and Colony Characteristics of Eleonora’s Falcon (Falco eleonorae) in the National Marine Park of Alonissos—Northern Sporades, Greece","authors":"D. Bakaloudis, Evangelos G. Kotsonas, Stavroula P. Saxoni","doi":"10.3390/birds5010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/birds5010006","url":null,"abstract":"Eleonora’s Falcon is the commonest bird of prey in Greece, with more than 80% of the global population breeding on Greek islands. The aim of this study was to assess the population status and the colony characteristics for the species in the National Marine Park of Alonissos—Northern Sporades. Every island was circumnavigated twice in order to count individual birds and active nests during the breeding season of the species in 2021 by boat. Colony characteristics including nest category, nest height above sea level and nest orientation were recorded. The species was recorded nesting in 13 (12 uninhabited and 1 inhabited) out of 29 islands involving a total of 329 active nests. Most nests were in cliff cavities located between 12 m and 400 m above sea level, and had predominantly north-westerly and westerly orientations. These findings may inform conservation management decisions including minimization of disturbance in colonies, safeguarding colonies under threats, eradicating invasive species and protecting and enhancing the breeding habitat of the species in the specially protected area of the National Marine Park of Alonissos—Northern Sporades.","PeriodicalId":513172,"journal":{"name":"Birds","volume":"70 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139604091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nestling Diet of Two Sympatric Insectivorous Passerines in Different Habitats—A Metabarcoding Study 不同生境中两种同域食虫雀鸟的雏鸟食谱--元条码研究

Birds Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI: 10.3390/birds5010005

Daniel Höhn, J. Masello, Marc N. Kümmel, Sven Griep, Alexander Goesmann, P. Quillfeldt

{"title":"Nestling Diet of Two Sympatric Insectivorous Passerines in Different Habitats—A Metabarcoding Study","authors":"Daniel Höhn, J. Masello, Marc N. Kümmel, Sven Griep, Alexander Goesmann, P. Quillfeldt","doi":"10.3390/birds5010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/birds5010005","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing landscape transformations and urbanisation affect insectivorous bird populations in various ways such as food availability, breeding phenology, or reproductive success. Especially during the breeding season, many passerine birds rely on the availability of caterpillars as the main prey for their nestlings. Previous studies suggested that similar diet preferences of sympatric species may result in interspecific competition, as demonstrated for Blue and Great Tits in forest habitats. However, nestling diet and prey preferences in other habitats are not fully understood. Prey availability, especially caterpillars, is lower in cities than in forests, thus influencing prey choice and interspecific competition. Here we used faecal DNA metabarcoding to investigate if nestling diet composition of the two sympatric species Blue Cyanistes caeruleus and Great Tits Parus major varied among species and different habitats (forest, traditional orchards, and urban parks). Furthermore, we examined food availability by DNA barcoding of the arboreal arthropod communities among habitats and compared them to the nestling diet to infer parental prey selectivity. The study was carried out in central Germany from 2018 to 2019. Blue and Great Tits showed a diverse diet which was dominated by Lepidoptera in all habitats. Lepidopteran diet components were most similar between forest and orchard sites, as were the components with other arthropods between orchard and urban sites. Both tit species showed selectivity for the lepidopteran families Geometridae and Tortricidae in all habitats, and for Noctuidae (Lepidoptera), Tenthredinidae and Braconidae (Hymenoptera) in forest and orchard sites. As the tits showed preferences for mainly families of Lepidoptera, and Hymenoptera, our approach provides a baseline to support monitoring of these groups.","PeriodicalId":513172,"journal":{"name":"Birds","volume":"131 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139604927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying and Counting Avian Blood Cells in Whole Slide Images via Deep Learning 通过深度学习识别和计算整张切片图像中的禽类血细胞

Birds Pub Date : 2024-01-19 DOI: 10.3390/birds5010004

Markus Vogelbacher, Finja Strehmann, Hicham Bellafkir, M. Mühling, Nikolaus Korfhage, Daniel Schneider, Sascha Rösner, Dana G. Schabo, N. Farwig, Bernd Freisleben

{"title":"Identifying and Counting Avian Blood Cells in Whole Slide Images via Deep Learning","authors":"Markus Vogelbacher, Finja Strehmann, Hicham Bellafkir, M. Mühling, Nikolaus Korfhage, Daniel Schneider, Sascha Rösner, Dana G. Schabo, N. Farwig, Bernd Freisleben","doi":"10.3390/birds5010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/birds5010004","url":null,"abstract":"Avian blood analysis is a fundamental method for investigating a wide range of topics concerning individual birds and populations of birds. Determining precise blood cell counts helps researchers gain insights into the health condition of birds. For example, the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes (H/L ratio) is a well-established index for comparing relative stress load. However, such measurements are currently often obtained manually by human experts. In this article, we present a novel approach to automatically quantify avian red and white blood cells in whole slide images. Our approach is based on two deep neural network models. The first model determines image regions that are suitable for counting blood cells, and the second model is an instance segmentation model that detects the cells in the determined image regions. The region selection model achieves up to 97.3% in terms of F1 score (i.e., the harmonic mean of precision and recall), and the instance segmentation model achieves up to 90.7% in terms of mean average precision. Our approach helps ornithologists acquire hematological data from avian blood smears more precisely and efficiently.","PeriodicalId":513172,"journal":{"name":"Birds","volume":"21 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139525304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban Parks Are Related to Functional and Phylogenetic Filtering of Raptor Assemblages in the Austral Pampas, Argentina 城市公园与阿根廷南潘帕斯地区猛禽群落的功能和系统发育过滤有关

Birds Pub Date : 2024-01-17 DOI: 10.3390/birds5010003

Lucas M. Leveau

{"title":"Urban Parks Are Related to Functional and Phylogenetic Filtering of Raptor Assemblages in the Austral Pampas, Argentina","authors":"Lucas M. Leveau","doi":"10.3390/birds5010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/birds5010003","url":null,"abstract":"Urban parks are hot spots of bird diversity in cities. However, their role as urban filters for raptor species has not been assessed yet. This study aimed to compare the functional and phylogenetic traits of raptor assemblages in urban parks with the regional species pool of raptors in east–central Argentina. Diurnal raptors were surveyed in 51 urban parks in six cities during breeding and nonbreeding seasons. The regional species pool was assessed through raptor surveys and published maps surrounding the cities. The observed functional and phylogenetic relatedness of urban raptors was compared with 999 simulated raptor assemblages from the regional species pool. A total of five species were recorded in urban parks. The Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango) was the numerically dominant species, comprising 95% of the 172 individuals recorded. The regional species pool was composed of 20 diurnal species. The functional and phylogenetic relatedness of urban raptors was higher than expected by chance, suggesting filtering induced by urban parks. Urban raptors were, in general, generalist species with small body sizes. Moreover, species tended to be part of the Falconidae family. Based on the results obtained here and in other published work, a model of raptor assembling in urban parks is proposed. The design of urban parks needs to be more heterogeneous, promoting the occurrence of specialist raptors.","PeriodicalId":513172,"journal":{"name":"Birds","volume":"38 04","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139527406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0