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Heat Treatment, Microstructure, Hardness and Corrosion Resistance of Martensitic Stainless Steel X65Cr13 (1.4037) 马氏体不锈钢 X65Cr13 (1.4037) 的热处理、显微组织、硬度和耐腐蚀性能
HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2023-0035
P. Rosemann, P. Sieber, L. D. Kukuk, S. Roßberg, U. Betke, S. Hütter, P. Jakob, K. Sehnert
{"title":"Heat Treatment, Microstructure, Hardness and Corrosion Resistance of Martensitic Stainless Steel X65Cr13 (1.4037)","authors":"P. Rosemann, P. Sieber, L. D. Kukuk, S. Roßberg, U. Betke, S. Hütter, P. Jakob, K. Sehnert","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-0035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels is influenced by the alloy composition and the heat treatment. It is known that the proportion of chromium carbides in the microstructure and the resulting hardness are influenced by the heat treatment (austenitization temperature and duration, cooling rate, deep freezing, tempering temperature). The connection between carbon content, the exact heat treatment parameters and corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels with 13 wt.% chromium is only known for lower carbon contents (X20Cr13, X46Cr13). This paper is therefore dedicated to the steel X65Cr13, which is used in particular for razor blades. Materials research results are presented that show the influence of hardening on microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance. It is shown that the steel X65Cr13 has only limited corrosion resistance due to its high carbon content, which can be attributed to the presence of chromium carbides and local chromium depletion in the microstructure. It is also clear that higher austenitizing temperatures and durations as well as high cooling rates lead to an improvement in corrosion resistance. However, this approach also causes retained austenite, which still has to be converted into martensite by deep freezing after quenching.","PeriodicalId":512604,"journal":{"name":"HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139887910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Welding Processing of Medium-Manganese Austenitic Steels for Cryogenic Applications 用于低温应用的中锰奥氏体钢的焊接加工
HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2023-0034
C. Reppin, A. Gericke, K.-M. Henkel, P. Neef, K. Treutler, V. Wesling
{"title":"Welding Processing of Medium-Manganese Austenitic Steels for Cryogenic Applications","authors":"C. Reppin, A. Gericke, K.-M. Henkel, P. Neef, K. Treutler, V. Wesling","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-0034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For several years, the significance of gaseous energy sources (e. g. liquified natural gas and hydrogen) has been increasing worldwide due to environmental and climate policy requirements. Storage and transportation of the liquids occur under cryogenic conditions. This results in specific requirements for the mechanical properties of the materials used at cryogenic temperatures. Nowadays, cold-tough, high-nickel austenites and martensitic steels of type X8Ni9 are used for such purposes. While austenitic materials offer good processing properties, they are not attractive due to their comparatively low strength and high costs. Welding martensitic steel with commonly used nickel-based additives significantly impacts processing quality and process automation due to high magnetic remanence. Additionally, the increased requirements for the storage of liquid hydrogen regarding low-temperature toughness push the conventional low-temperature materials to their limits. A potential solution to the identified challenges can be achieved by using medium- and high-manganese austenitic steels. Within the scope of this work, the medium-manganese steel X2CrMnNiN1775 (1.4371) is investigated as an economical substitute for the conventionally used materials in cryogenic applications. Considering the relevant qualification requirements for welded joints and welding additives, submerged arc welded joints are investigated and their applicability under cryogenic operating temperatures is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":512604,"journal":{"name":"HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":"30 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139880546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imprint / Impressum 版本说明
HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2024-8001
{"title":"Imprint / Impressum","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/htm-2024-8001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2024-8001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":512604,"journal":{"name":"HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139826402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heat Treatment, Microstructure, Hardness and Corrosion Resistance of Martensitic Stainless Steel X65Cr13 (1.4037) 马氏体不锈钢 X65Cr13 (1.4037) 的热处理、显微组织、硬度和耐腐蚀性能
HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2023-0035
P. Rosemann, P. Sieber, L. D. Kukuk, S. Roßberg, U. Betke, S. Hütter, P. Jakob, K. Sehnert
{"title":"Heat Treatment, Microstructure, Hardness and Corrosion Resistance of Martensitic Stainless Steel X65Cr13 (1.4037)","authors":"P. Rosemann, P. Sieber, L. D. Kukuk, S. Roßberg, U. Betke, S. Hütter, P. Jakob, K. Sehnert","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-0035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels is influenced by the alloy composition and the heat treatment. It is known that the proportion of chromium carbides in the microstructure and the resulting hardness are influenced by the heat treatment (austenitization temperature and duration, cooling rate, deep freezing, tempering temperature). The connection between carbon content, the exact heat treatment parameters and corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels with 13 wt.% chromium is only known for lower carbon contents (X20Cr13, X46Cr13). This paper is therefore dedicated to the steel X65Cr13, which is used in particular for razor blades. Materials research results are presented that show the influence of hardening on microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance. It is shown that the steel X65Cr13 has only limited corrosion resistance due to its high carbon content, which can be attributed to the presence of chromium carbides and local chromium depletion in the microstructure. It is also clear that higher austenitizing temperatures and durations as well as high cooling rates lead to an improvement in corrosion resistance. However, this approach also causes retained austenite, which still has to be converted into martensite by deep freezing after quenching.","PeriodicalId":512604,"journal":{"name":"HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":"332 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139828253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contents / Inhalt 目录
HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2024-frontmatter1
{"title":"Contents / Inhalt","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/htm-2024-frontmatter1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2024-frontmatter1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":512604,"journal":{"name":"HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":"44 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139875589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Imprint / Impressum 版本说明
HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2024-8001
{"title":"Imprint / Impressum","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/htm-2024-8001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2024-8001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":512604,"journal":{"name":"HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":"119 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139886147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contents / Inhalt 目录
HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2024-frontmatter1
{"title":"Contents / Inhalt","authors":"","doi":"10.1515/htm-2024-frontmatter1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2024-frontmatter1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":512604,"journal":{"name":"HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":"33 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139815734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integration of Artificial Intelligence into Metallography: Area-wide Analysis of Microstructural Components of a Jominy Sample 将人工智能融入金相学：金相试样微观结构成分的全区域分析
HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2023-0032
J. Schneider, R. Rostami, M. Corcoran, G. Korpala
{"title":"Integration of Artificial Intelligence into Metallography: Area-wide Analysis of Microstructural Components of a Jominy Sample","authors":"J. Schneider, R. Rostami, M. Corcoran, G. Korpala","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Analysing the microstructure is an essential part of quality control in many steel manufacturing and processing operations. In this work, a promising method for autonomous analysis of microstructures in low-alloy steels based on artificial intelligence image analysis is presented. This study focuses on the classification of different microstructure components in metallographic images of steel microstructures using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) model. Since the accuracy of the model strongly depends on the size of the data set, a data set consisting of two million optical microscopy images was created to ensure the presence of different microstructure components and their combinations for training the system. The Jominy test was performed to verify the accuracy and capability of the microstructure analysis software. The AI makes it possible to analyse large amounts of image data with high precision and at the same time with less effort than conventional methods of microstructure components analysis.","PeriodicalId":512604,"journal":{"name":"HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139829658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Integration of Artificial Intelligence into Metallography: Area-wide Analysis of Microstructural Components of a Jominy Sample 将人工智能融入金相学：金相试样微观结构成分的全区域分析
HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2023-0032
J. Schneider, R. Rostami, M. Corcoran, G. Korpala
{"title":"Integration of Artificial Intelligence into Metallography: Area-wide Analysis of Microstructural Components of a Jominy Sample","authors":"J. Schneider, R. Rostami, M. Corcoran, G. Korpala","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-0032","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Analysing the microstructure is an essential part of quality control in many steel manufacturing and processing operations. In this work, a promising method for autonomous analysis of microstructures in low-alloy steels based on artificial intelligence image analysis is presented. This study focuses on the classification of different microstructure components in metallographic images of steel microstructures using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) model. Since the accuracy of the model strongly depends on the size of the data set, a data set consisting of two million optical microscopy images was created to ensure the presence of different microstructure components and their combinations for training the system. The Jominy test was performed to verify the accuracy and capability of the microstructure analysis software. The AI makes it possible to analyse large amounts of image data with high precision and at the same time with less effort than conventional methods of microstructure components analysis.","PeriodicalId":512604,"journal":{"name":"HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139889601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Welding Processing of Medium-Manganese Austenitic Steels for Cryogenic Applications 用于低温应用的中锰奥氏体钢的焊接加工
HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1515/htm-2023-0034
C. Reppin, A. Gericke, K.-M. Henkel, P. Neef, K. Treutler, V. Wesling
{"title":"Welding Processing of Medium-Manganese Austenitic Steels for Cryogenic Applications","authors":"C. Reppin, A. Gericke, K.-M. Henkel, P. Neef, K. Treutler, V. Wesling","doi":"10.1515/htm-2023-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/htm-2023-0034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For several years, the significance of gaseous energy sources (e. g. liquified natural gas and hydrogen) has been increasing worldwide due to environmental and climate policy requirements. Storage and transportation of the liquids occur under cryogenic conditions. This results in specific requirements for the mechanical properties of the materials used at cryogenic temperatures. Nowadays, cold-tough, high-nickel austenites and martensitic steels of type X8Ni9 are used for such purposes. While austenitic materials offer good processing properties, they are not attractive due to their comparatively low strength and high costs. Welding martensitic steel with commonly used nickel-based additives significantly impacts processing quality and process automation due to high magnetic remanence. Additionally, the increased requirements for the storage of liquid hydrogen regarding low-temperature toughness push the conventional low-temperature materials to their limits. A potential solution to the identified challenges can be achieved by using medium- and high-manganese austenitic steels. Within the scope of this work, the medium-manganese steel X2CrMnNiN1775 (1.4371) is investigated as an economical substitute for the conventionally used materials in cryogenic applications. Considering the relevant qualification requirements for welded joints and welding additives, submerged arc welded joints are investigated and their applicability under cryogenic operating temperatures is demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":512604,"journal":{"name":"HTM Journal of Heat Treatment and Materials","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139820337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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