Wind and Structures最新文献_第6页

Multivariate Simulation of Offshore Weather Time Series: A Comparison between Markov Chain, Autoregressive, and Long Short-Term Memory Models 海上天气时间序列的多元模拟:马尔可夫链、自回归和长短期记忆模型的比较

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Wind and Structures Pub Date : 2022-06-16 DOI: 10.3390/wind2020021

S. Eberle, D. Cevasco, Marie-Antoinette Schwarzkopf, Marten Hollm, R. Seifried

{"title":"Multivariate Simulation of Offshore Weather Time Series: A Comparison between Markov Chain, Autoregressive, and Long Short-Term Memory Models","authors":"S. Eberle, D. Cevasco, Marie-Antoinette Schwarzkopf, Marten Hollm, R. Seifried","doi":"10.3390/wind2020021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wind2020021","url":null,"abstract":"In the estimation of future investments in the offshore wind industry, the operation and maintenance (O&M) phase plays an important role. In the simulation of the O&M figures, the weather conditions should contain information about the waves’ main characteristics and the wind speed. As these parameters are correlated, they were simulated by using a multivariate approach, and thus by generating vectors of measurements. Four different stochastic weather time series generators were investigated: Markov chains (MC) of first and second order, vector autoregressive (VAR) models, and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks. The models were trained on a 40-year data set with 1 h resolution. Thereafter, the models simulated 25-year time series, which were analysed based on several time series metrics and criteria. The MC (especially the one of second order) and the VAR model were shown to be the ones capturing the characteristics of the original time series the best. The novelty of this paper lies in the application of LSTM models and multivariate higher-order MCs to generate offshore weather time series, and to compare their simulations to the ones of VAR models. Final recommendations for improving these models are provided as conclusion of this paper.","PeriodicalId":51210,"journal":{"name":"Wind and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85233079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Multifactorial Analysis to Determine the Applicability of Wind Power Technologies in Favorable Areas of the Colombian Territory 多因素分析，以确定风力发电技术在哥伦比亚境内有利地区的适用性

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Wind and Structures Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.3390/wind2020020

Andrés Rodriguez-Caviedes, I. C. Gil-García

{"title":"Multifactorial Analysis to Determine the Applicability of Wind Power Technologies in Favorable Areas of the Colombian Territory","authors":"Andrés Rodriguez-Caviedes, I. C. Gil-García","doi":"10.3390/wind2020020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wind2020020","url":null,"abstract":"Colombia has an energy matrix that is mostly hydroelectric and includes renewable energies such as wind power, which represents a minor contribution. The only operational wind farm is in the northern part of the country, where more projects will be implemented in the future in search of increasing the installed capacity and electricity generation. However, the wind potential and behavior of other areas of the national territory have been little reviewed. The most recommended method to characterize the potential in different areas of Colombia is to use real data, generating vertical extrapolations and respecting the good practices of the wind industry. The foregoing not only allows the generation of statistical and descriptive characterizations but also, together with the climatological, geographical, and technological variables (turbines), an estimate of the generable energy that can be obtained. In the described study, we applied specialized software to generate a rating matrix, from which it was possible to issue an opinion on five possible locations obtained from the theoretical development of micrositing, where 14 factors were reviewed. There is no published research of this nature for the country, so it is relevant in terms of novelty. Finally, it can be concluded that in Colombia, the wind potential should not be associated with a specific region, since there are data throughout the territory where this type of research can be replicated.","PeriodicalId":51210,"journal":{"name":"Wind and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83061953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Simulative Investigation of the Risk of Smearing Damage for a WT Gearbox Roller Bearing during Rotor-Induced Excitations WT齿轮箱滚子轴承在转子诱导激励下的磨损风险模拟研究

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Wind and Structures Pub Date : 2022-05-18 DOI: 10.3390/wind2020019

Jan Euler, G. Jacobs, J. Röder, D. Bosse

{"title":"Simulative Investigation of the Risk of Smearing Damage for a WT Gearbox Roller Bearing during Rotor-Induced Excitations","authors":"Jan Euler, G. Jacobs, J. Röder, D. Bosse","doi":"10.3390/wind2020019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wind2020019","url":null,"abstract":"Wind turbine drivetrains can be subjected to highly dynamic loading conditions caused by grid faults, power converter faults and dynamic wind excitations. These loading conditions can cause additional wear and possibly damage their components. Some of the most critical components in the mechanical drivetrain are its bearings. High-speed shaft bearings are especially prone to failure. Smearing is one possible damage pattern for these bearings. Previous studies observed a highly increased smearing risk caused by generator-induced torque excitations. In contrast, this study focuses on rotor-induced torque excitations and investigates the resulting smearing risk. The goal is to ascertain the general damage potential stemming from rotor-induced excitations for high-speed shaft bearings regarding smearing. To this end, a detailed bearing model was integrated into a validated multibody simulation of a research nacelle which was operated on a test bench. A smearing criterion was used to evaluate the smearing risk. Multiple sinusoidal rotor-induced torque excitations were investigated. The resulting smearing risk is highly dependent on the excitation amplitude and frequency, with higher amplitudes resulting in a greater smearing risk. Regarding frequency, only excitations with frequencies close to the system’s first torsional eigenfrequency result in a significantly increased smearing risk. In general, the determined amplitudes and frequencies of rotor-induced torque excitations, necessary to cause a significant increase in smearing risk, are unlikely to occur in the field and therefore are of lesser importance to the high-speed shaft bearings than generator-induced torque excitations.","PeriodicalId":51210,"journal":{"name":"Wind and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74383143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wind Energy Assessment for Renewable Energy Communities 可再生能源社区风能评估

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Wind and Structures Pub Date : 2022-05-17 DOI: 10.3390/wind2020018

Sandeep Araveti, Cristian Aguayo Quintana, E. Kairisa, A. Mutule, Juan Pablo Sepulveda Adriazola, Conor Sweeney, Paula Carroll

引用次数: 2

Power to Hydrogen and Power to Water Using Wind Energy 利用风能进行氢能发电和水力发电

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Wind and Structures Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.3390/wind2020017

M. Bertsiou, E. Baltas

引用次数: 2

Wind Loading of Photovoltaic Panels Installed on Hip Roofs of Rectangular and L-Shaped Low-Rise Buildings 矩形和l型低层建筑臀顶光伏板风荷载研究

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Wind and Structures Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.3390/wind2020016

Y. Uematsu, Tetsuo Yambe, Atsushi Yamamoto

{"title":"Wind Loading of Photovoltaic Panels Installed on Hip Roofs of Rectangular and L-Shaped Low-Rise Buildings","authors":"Y. Uematsu, Tetsuo Yambe, Atsushi Yamamoto","doi":"10.3390/wind2020016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wind2020016","url":null,"abstract":"Many residential houses in Japan have hip roofs with pitches ranging from 20° to 30°. Recently, roof-mounted photovoltaic (PV) panels have become popular all over the world for environmental conservation. The design of PV systems in Japan is usually based on the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) C 8955 (2017). However, the standard does not provide wind force coefficients for PV panels installed near roof edges (up to 0.3 m from the edge) because flow separation at the roof edges causes large up-lift forces on such panels. In this paper, we investigated the wind force coefficients for designing PV panels installed on hip roofs of rectangular and L-shaped low-rise buildings. The roof pitch was set to 25° as a typical value. Rectangular panels were installed almost over the whole roof, including the edge zones. Because the thickness of PV panels and the distance between PV panels and the roof are both as small as several centimeters, it is difficult to make wind tunnel models of PV systems with the same geometric scale as that for buildings. We focused on a numerical simulation using the unsteady Bernoulli equation to estimate the pressures in the space between PV panels and the roof. In the simulation, we used the time histories of wind pressure coefficients on the bare roof, which were measured in a turbulent boundary layer. We propose installing PV panels with small gaps between them along their short sides. The gaps may reduce the wind loads not only on the PV panels but also on the roofing due to pressure equalization. We discuss the optimum gap width from the viewpoint of wind load reduction.","PeriodicalId":51210,"journal":{"name":"Wind and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82461180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Forecasting for Wind Turbine Maintenance Scheduling 风电机组维护调度的亚季节到季节预测

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Wind and Structures Pub Date : 2022-05-12 DOI: 10.3390/wind2020015

R. Tawn, J. Browell, D. McMillan

引用次数: 1

Mid-to-Long Range Wind Forecast in Brazil Using Numerical Modeling and Neural Networks 基于数值模拟和神经网络的巴西中长期风预报

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Wind and Structures Pub Date : 2022-04-22 DOI: 10.3390/wind2020013

R. Campos, R. M. J. Palmeira, Henrique P. P. Pereira, Laura Azevedo

{"title":"Mid-to-Long Range Wind Forecast in Brazil Using Numerical Modeling and Neural Networks","authors":"R. Campos, R. M. J. Palmeira, Henrique P. P. Pereira, Laura Azevedo","doi":"10.3390/wind2020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wind2020013","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigated the development of a hybrid model for wind speed forecast, ranging from 1 to 46 days, in the northeast of Brazil. The prediction system was linked to the widely used numerical weather prediction from the ECMWF global ensemble forecast, with neural networks (NNs) trained using local measurements. The focus of this study was on the post-processing of NNs, in terms of data structure, dimensionality, architecture, training strategy, and validation. Multilayer perceptron NNs were constructed using the following inputs: wind components, temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure information from ECMWF, as well as latitude, longitude, sin/cos of time, and forecast lead time. The main NN output consisted of the residue of wind speed, i.e., the difference between the arithmetic ensemble mean, derived from ECMWF, and the observations. By preserving the simplicity and small dimension of the NN model, it was possible to build an ensemble of NNs (20 members) that significantly improved the forecasts. The original ECMWF bias of −0.3 to −1.4 m/s has been corrected to values between −0.1 and 0.1 m/s, while also reducing the RMSE in 10 to 30%. The operational implementation is discussed, and a detailed evaluation shows the considerable generalization capability and robustness of the forecast system, with low computational cost.","PeriodicalId":51210,"journal":{"name":"Wind and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87617516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Is Zero Subsidy in Fixed-Bottom Offshore Wind Farms Feasible? The Case of Incheon, South Korea 固定底部海上风电场零补贴可行吗?韩国仁川事件

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Wind and Structures Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.3390/wind2020012

Jongmin Lee, G. Xydis

引用次数: 4

Onshore Wind Power Generation and Sustainability Challenges in Northeast Brazil: A Quick Scoping Review 巴西东北部陆上风力发电和可持续性挑战:快速范围审查

IF 1.6 4区工程技术

Wind and Structures Pub Date : 2022-03-28 DOI: 10.3390/wind2020011

Valdenildo Pedro da Silva, Maria Luiza de Medeiros Galvão

{"title":"Onshore Wind Power Generation and Sustainability Challenges in Northeast Brazil: A Quick Scoping Review","authors":"Valdenildo Pedro da Silva, Maria Luiza de Medeiros Galvão","doi":"10.3390/wind2020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/wind2020011","url":null,"abstract":"Onshore wind energy has been one of the most promising new renewable energy sources in the Northeast region of Brazil. This technology has generated long-term energy without serious socio-environmental impacts for some and, therefore, has been considered clean, renewable, and sustainable. However, given its spatial complexity, water scarcity, and social poverty of indigenous populations, the development of wind energy in vulnerable areas of this region raises socio-ecological concerns. Hence, studies of sustainability challenges are essential. The aim of this article is to systematically review the main multidimensional sustainability challenges of studies on onshore wind power generation, resulting in a quick scoping review of the literature. The study highlighted the promise of onshore wind generation in the current period of climatic and socio-ecological crises, but also highlighted some resulting socio-ecological problems, such as: deforestation for the construction of wind farms, expropriation of subsistence arable land, generation of turbine noise, insignificant employment, maintenance of inequalities, rural–city migration, extinction of cultural traditions, and food insecurity. This review offers an overview of wind energy generation, aiming to inform society and decision makers about the nature of challenges that lead to unsustainability arising from wind energy technology.","PeriodicalId":51210,"journal":{"name":"Wind and Structures","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74777508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1