Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik最新文献

{"title":"APPLICATION OF MICROBIOMORPHIC AND TOTAL PHOSPHORUS ANALYSES TO THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SREDNY ZELENCHUK TEMPLE, NIZHNY ARKHYZ HILLFORT","authors":"Inga Druzhinina, O. Druzhinina, A. Golyeva, V. Chkhaidze","doi":"10.15688/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of the first geoarchaeological study of the materials of Christian burials identified in the interior of the Middle Zelenchuk temple of the 10th century in the Nizhne-Arkhyz ancient settlement (Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia). The results of microbiomorphic (phytolith) and total phosphorus content analyses allowed us to reveal previously unknown features of the funeral rites of the multicultural and multi-ethnic Christian population of one of the largest cities of the North Caucasus in the Middle Ages. The differences in funerary practices between the 11th and 13th centuries became evident when studying even a small group of funerary complexes in which people of the same social group – representatives of the social elite of Western Alania – were buried. The geoarchaeological study showed an abundance of plant and animal organic matter in the burials. The complex analysis of archaeological materials and data obtained during the microbiomorphic study allowed us to conclude that members of the urban Christian community had several burial traditions: in stone boxes (tombs), in wooden frames, and a mixed ritual when a wooden structure was placed in a stone box. The presence of wooden bark particles in the burials seems to be related not so much to the material from which the burial structures were made as to the presence in the graves of bark or bast objects (bast caskets or boxes, birch bark amulets, toys, etc.). The tradition known from pagan Alanian burials of placing the head of the deceased on a “stone cushion” (more typical for male burials) was preserved in early Christian burials. In one of the four women’s graves studied, the analysis showed the presence of a “hay pillow.” Probably, before the burial, a ritual of washing the deceased was performed, as evidenced by the presence of diatoms and sponge spicules in the samples.","PeriodicalId":512047,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik","volume":"133 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FIBULAE FROM THE UST-KAMENSKY CEMETERY IN THE LOWER DNIEPER REGION","authors":"V. Kropotov","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to analyzing 24 fibulae originating from the Ust-Kamensk kurgan cemetery. Typologically, these finds are not very diverse. The bow fibulae (18 pieces) are the most numerous among them. Hinged arc-shaped brooches (3 pieces) and military clasps (2 pieces) are represented in a significantly smaller number. The spring fibulae with the button at the end of the continuous lamellar receiver are observed only in one fibula. The overwhelming majority of the specified decorations (21 pieces) form a single chronological group dated according to different chronological schemes to the second – third quarters or the second half of the 1st century – early 2nd century AD. Only three pieces do not belong to this group: two military fibulae date back to an earlier period and one spring fibulae with the button on the receiver end was made later. Taking into account modern research, military brooches cannot date back later than the early 1st century AD. The brooch with the button on the receiver dates back to the first half – middle of 2nd century AD. Considering that fibulae are the most reliable and precisely dated indicators in the inventory of the Ust-Kamensk kurgan cemetery, their dating can be confidently extended to the chronology of the whole burial ground. Thus, the monument was used for at least 100 years, from the early 1st century AD up to the first half – the middle of the 2nd century AD, but not just in the middle of the 1st – beginning of the 2nd centuries AD, as it was considered earlier. The majority of fibulae from the Ust-Kamensk collection have possibly been made in Olbia or delivered through it from the Roman provinces. Only the military brooches and the spring fibulae with the button on the receiver end, apparently, are of a different origin.","PeriodicalId":512047,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik","volume":"56 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE METAL WARE FOUND IN THE LATE SCYTHIAN CEMETERY OF LEVADKI","authors":"A. Antipenko, Sergey Mul’d","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses the study of the chemical alloy composition of the artefacts made of non-ferrous and precious metals and discovered in the cemetery of Levadki in Central Crimea. The elemental composition of the finds was studied with non-destructive standardless X-ray fluorescence at the Storage Department of the Central Museum of the Taurida. The research used a sample of 68 artefacts and their components discovered in 23 burial structures dated from the Late Hellenistic and Roman Periods. From the formula of the main alloy components, the sample under study comprises: 17.65% of “pure” copper, 8.82% of brass, 11.76% of multicomponent zinc-containing alloys, 1.47% of lead bronze, 19.12% of tin bronze, 38.24% of tin-lead and lead-tin bronze, 1.47% of lead, and 1.47% of silver. The analysis of alloy composition by categories of grave goods has revealed that tin and zinc were the main alloying species in brooch production. The belt and sword-belt parts were made of alloys featuring various formulae, ranging from “pure” copper to three-component bronze variants. The research on ornaments and accessories has uncovered that this group includes the artefacts of “pure” copper along with the pieces alloyed with tin and lead, with the latter component comprising from one-third to a half of the composition, particularly in cast ornaments. This group divides into at least three subgroups, differentiated by the technique applied in the making of the artefacts and the composition of the alloy. Weaponry items are represented by the arrowheads. There are three cases of the arrowheads made of lead-tin bronze and one case more of “pure” copper.","PeriodicalId":512047,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik","volume":"97 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140724874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ALTAI IN THE PRE-TURKIC PERIOD: HISTORICAL FATE OF THE NOMADS OF THE DYALYAN TRADITION OF RITUAL PRACTICE","authors":"Nikolay Seregin, S. Matrenin","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the study of the Dyalyan tradition of ritual practice characteristic of one of the groups of the Bulan-Koby archaeological culture of Altai in the last quarter of the 1st millennium BC – the first half of the 1st millennium AD. The key features of this tradition are identified, the most significant of which is the burial of an individual oriented to the western sector of the horizon, accompanied by a horse laid “above” or “at the feet” of the buried individual. 45 similar burials localized in the northern and central Altai have been excavated to date. These burials demonstrate the features of the formation and evolution of the Dyalyan tradition throughout the entire period of the existence of the Bulan-Koby culture. This group of the population had the greatest importance in the pre-Turkic period (second half of the 4th – first half of the 5th centuries AD). New materials from the excavations of the Choburak-I necropolis, one of the demonstrative objects of which is published and analyzed in the article, confirm that in the nomads of Dyalyan tradition were representatives of the local elite in the Northern Altai. This is evidenced by the composition of the accompanying inventory from the studied burials which included advanced models of weapons and defensive armament, equipment for a person and a riding horse. The possibilities of reconstructing the historical fate of the Dyalyan tradition bearers are presented. It should be stressed that the characteristic features of the rite were not continued in the funeral practice of the early medieval Turks. The available rather fragmentary materials make it possible to outline the western direction of the migrations of the “Dyalyans” (probably as part of the Rouran community), as well as to make an assumption about their participation in the formation of certain population groups of the Srostki culture of the Forest-Steppe Altai.","PeriodicalId":512047,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik","volume":"132 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140726069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ETHNOCULTURAL SITUATION ON THE TERRITORY OF THE UPPER OKA IN THE “PRE-ROMEN” PERIOD (LATE 7TH TO 8TH CENTURIES)","authors":"Aleksandr Kolokolov","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The study is devoted to the identification of a group of antiquities of the late 7th – 8th centuries of the Upper Oka region. On the territory of the region, the sites of the Moshchin culture, which had existed from the middle of the 3rd century, practically disappeared around the middle of the 7th century. The end of the Late Dyakovo culture in the Moscow basin and the disappearance of the main part of the Ryazan-Oksk sites in the Middle Oka region belong to the same time. Since the 9th century, numerous sites correlating with the antiquities of the Romensk culture have appeared in the territory of the region. The ethnocultural situation of the Upper Oka in the “pre-romensky” period has not been clearly presented until recently. To date, an array of archaeological material has been accumulated that is characteristic of the period. It is represented by finds of ceramic vessels, jewelry and belt details from the hill forts of Supruty, Petrovskoe, Nikulino, Muravlevo, as well as from the settlements of Kamenka-1, B. Triznovo-3, Torhovo-3, Utkino-1. Based on the analysis of the finds, it can be assumed that the main population of the Upper Oka region in the period of the 2nd half of the 7th – 8th centuries was the bearers of sakhnovka-volyntsevo type antiquities. Finds of vessels of the Moshchin tradition in the complexes of the 9th – 10th centuries of the Supruty ancient hillfort and the Kamenka-1 settlement testify to the existence in the pre-romensky and romensky periods of the remnants of the population that lived in the region from the middle of the 3rd to the middle of the 7th centuries. The study of a unique memorial complex near the village of Gora Uslan allows us to assume participation in the formation of the ethnocultural situation in the Upper Oka region in the late 7th – 8th centuries of the steppe of cultures representatives of the early Khazar Kaganate era.","PeriodicalId":512047,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140724516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REVISITING THE ISSUE OF CONNECTIONS AMONG THE NOMADS SOCIAL ELITE FROM THE SOUTHERN URALS ACCORDING TO CRANIOLOGY DATA FROM THE FILIPPOVKA KURGANS","authors":"A. Khokhlov, E. Kitov, Vladimir Myshkin","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the reconstruction of the relations of the nomads‘ social elite from the Southern Urals buried in the cemetries of the kurgans Filippovka 1, 2. The total craniological series of these monuments consists of 22 skulls (9 male and 13 female) representing brachycranial broad-faced Caucasoids. The aim of the study is to determine the historical roots of this group including their migration patterns, as well as their contacts with the surrounding population. The study is based on a comparative analysis of 35 craniological series of the Early Iron Age sites in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Eurasia. The comparison was carried out according to the canonical analysis method using the Multican and Statistica 12 programs. In terms of morphological features, the individuals buried in the Filippovka kurgans are as close as possible to the nomads of the Southern Urals and the Lower Volga region of the Sauromatian (6th – 5th/4th centuries BC) and early Sarmatian (4th – 3rd centuries BC) time. They probably come from the local nomadic population who resided in this territory in early Sauromatian time. Representatives of the Filippovka group are also morphologically close to the Saka of the Aral Sea region and to the bearers of the Tasmolà culture from Central Kazakhstan. The formation of the pastoral population of the Early Iron Age (5th – 4th centuries BC) of two regions – the Southern Urals and the Aral Sea – might have taken place on a single anthropological basis, which is associated with the nomadic tribes of Central Kazakhstan including the bearers of the Tasmolà culture who had contacts with the Southern Siberia settled groups. As a result of mestizo processes on the contact territory, a special type of population the so-called Eastern Caucasoids with a small Mongoloid admixture was formed, which then spread in the southern Aral and western Ural directions. The spatial connections of the population that left the Filippovka kurgans are geographically wide. Judging by the archaeological data, they were grounded primarily on the basis of trade and economic relations. The craniological source shows some heterogeneity of the Ural nomads, but it is difficult to speak confidently about the time and mixing forms of their constituent components; the recorded phenomenon is also relevant among other synchronous groups of mobile pastoralists from Central Asia.","PeriodicalId":512047,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140723345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HUMAN SKELETAL REMAINS NEWLY EXCAVATED AT KARANAYEVSKY KURGAN CEMETERY OF THE SRUBNAYA CULTURE","authors":"M. Karapetian, V. Kufterin, M. Chaplygin","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This paper presents results of an anthropological and paleopathological studies of newly excavated materials from the Karanayevsky cemetery located in the Southwestern Bashkortostan and attributed to Srubnaya culture. The goal of this study was to introduce new data from kurgan 2, as well as to compare this sample with the samples from other Karanayevsky kurgans, and with synchronous population characteristics of the region. Discussion involves skeletal material from 12 individual burials (nine children and three adults). Methods. Sex, age and the state of preservation/completeness of the remains were assessed. We performed a morphometric study, an analysis of dental morphology, description of pathologies and individual characteristics, taking into consideration the recommendations in the specific literature. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to test for the relationship between skeletal preservation, sex, age, and grave construction. A single cranium from the kurgan was compared with the pooled samples from the region using Heincke’s method. The Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the possible statistical differences in frequencies of dental non-metric traits between the Karanayevsky kurgan 2 sample and the pooled Srubnaya samples of the Pre-Urals. Analysis. The skeleton preservation appears to be related to the age of the buried, but to a greater extent varies depending on the depth of the grave. The female skull from kurgan 2 shows characteristics of European ancestry and has mesomorphic morphology with a medium or slightly weakened horizontal and vertical profiling. It shows similarity to the pooled Srubnaya craniological series from the forest-steppe subareas. The dental morphology observed in the sample corresponds to the archaic gracile variant of European ancestry. Osteometric data characterize adult individuals as representatives of the mesomorphic, moderately massive group with reduced or medium limb length. Like in other groups of the region, the sample is defined by the predominance of dental calculus and dental chips, some markers of physiological and mechanical stress and the absence of indicators of specific infections. Results. In general, the Karanayevsky kurgan 2 skeletal sample corresponds to the characteristics of other Karanaevsky cemetery samples, and is consistent with the results on the synchronous sites of the Pre-Urals and Trans-Urals.","PeriodicalId":512047,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik","volume":"38 S24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140724989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BRACELETS WITH WIDENED ENDS MADE FROM PRECIOUS METALS OF THE LATE ROMAN AND THE GREAT MIGRATION PERIOD: DANUBE-DNIEPER-BALTIC PARALLELS","authors":"Olga Khomiakova","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"By the 5th century AD, massive gold bracelets with widened ends had become prestigious cultural elements, symbolizing the power of the barbarian tribal groups’ rulers. The areas where such finds were discovered are located primarily in the Carpathian-Danube region and Gallia. Under the influence of this fashion for displaying high social status, bracelets with thickened ends made from silver, the material available to the tribes in the western part of the East European Plain, became widespread in the 5th century. There are two zones of their concentration: the northern zone in the Baltics, Upper Dnieper region, and Middle Oka region; and the southern zone in the Middle Dnieper region and the left-bank forest steppe of the Dnieper. Bracelets made from silver and its alloys from the Middle Dnieper region were found in women’s burials and hoards, indicating their connection with female outfits. Their appearance could be associated with the influence of the “Middle Danube” model of female outfit during the Great Migration period, and this model persisted up until the 6th – 7th centuries. The second group of bracelets is documented in the antiquities of Nemunas and the Western Dvina basins in the Baltics. They are predominantly found in male warrior complexes dating back to the 5th century, belonging to the members of goroups involved in strategic control over important routes connecting Scandinavia and Southeastern Baltic with the eastward territories.","PeriodicalId":512047,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik","volume":"61 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140727838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THIRD CENTURY AD BURIAL VAULTS FROM THE CEMETERY OF OPUSHKI","authors":"I. Khrapunov","doi":"10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15688/nav.jvolsu.2024.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"There was some important event taking place in the Crimea in the third century AD or a little bit earlier that was probably reflected by the appearance of burial vaults of a special design that had not been previously known in Crimea. These vaults comprised an entrance pit and a burial chamber with a short (0.4–0.8 m long) underground corridor (dromos) dug in between them; the funerals in the burial chamber were made on the floor in one tier. Until recently, only a few short-dromos burial vaults from the third century AD were known in the Crimea. The situation has substantively changed as a result of the cemetery of Opushki excavations, which uncovered 17 burial vaults from the third century AD; every structure contained burials from the first half of the said century, with some burials probably dating back even earlier. This paper publishes some results of these excavations. It has been discovered that the first short-dromos burial vaults appeared in the Crimea much earlier than they were considered before, i.e., in the end or second half of the second century. Initially, dromos was not an inalienable element of the burial structure. The earliest burial structures under analysis obviously kept the Late Scythian traditions, such as many tiers of burials and moving aside the bones of those who were buried earlier. The combination of the burial vault construction, which was new in Crimea, and the traditional burial rites can hardly be explained otherwise than by physical contacts between the migrants and the autochthons. The origin of the migration of people who brought short-dromos burial vaults to Crimea was searched for in the North Caucasus. Among the stable specific rites documented in the third-century burials, there was charcoal bedding on the floor of the burial structure and beads embroidering the hem of gowns. These rites are typical of not only burials in vaults but also in undercut and simple pit graves. The core of the grave goods in the period in question is formed by a quite specific set of artefacts. Precisely the same goods were unearthed in the undercut and pit graves synchronous to the burial vaults.","PeriodicalId":512047,"journal":{"name":"Nizhnevolzhskiy Arheologicheskiy Vestnik","volume":"22 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140727867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}