Advances in Science and Technology最新文献_第9页

Benchmarking of Mini-Grids Regulations for Kenya, Lesotho and Mozambique 肯尼亚、莱索托和莫桑比克小型电网管理条例的基准制定

Advances in Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-9h3dnj

L. Thamae

{"title":"Benchmarking of Mini-Grids Regulations for Kenya, Lesotho and Mozambique","authors":"L. Thamae","doi":"10.4028/p-9h3dnj","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-9h3dnj","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a benchmarking exercise to comparatively analyse the nascent mini-grids regulations of Kenya (The Energy (Mini-Grid) Regulations, March 2022), Lesotho (Mini-grid Power Generation, Distribution and Supply Regulations, January 2021) and Mozambique (Regulations on Access to Energy in Off-Grid Areas, December 2021) using a simplified empirical assessment of attributes and elements of regulatory substance to determine their relative potential effectiveness to fulfil their intended objectives. The results indicate that the overall effectiveness and fulfilment rates of the newly developed mini-grids regulations towards attracting and retaining private sector investments and facilitating universal access, have been determined to be 84% for Kenya, 72% for Lesotho and 80% for Mozambique. Nevertheless, the growth of mini-grids will likely remain limited because encroachment by the main grid remains a serious risk to private mini-grid investors in terms of uncertain security of tenure and possibility of stranded assets. The benchmarked regulations appear to offer some promise to mini-grid investors through co-existence, interconnection or asset transfer, but they simply do not provide any solid and assuring process on how to arrive at a fair compensation or purchase price for the mini-grids business in the case of forced exit, except for Kenya which proposes the depreciated value of the mini-grid assets.","PeriodicalId":511802,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology","volume":"9 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clean Mobility Systems, the way to Go 清洁交通系统，未来之路

Advances in Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-mpdc8q

Dapo Oluwaseun Adesina

{"title":"Clean Mobility Systems, the way to Go","authors":"Dapo Oluwaseun Adesina","doi":"10.4028/p-mpdc8q","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-mpdc8q","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims discuss the concept of clean mobility, the energy requirements of clean mobility, challenges caused by unclean mobility as well as looking forward to the attainment of clean mobility system. The urban transport situation is as precarious as in the rural transport. Due to population growth and urban sprawl, there is rural-urban drift which has brough about an increase in the number of urban centres across the globe and coupled with the high dependence on fossil fuel, this has led to the continuous growth of air pollution and Green House Gas (GHG) emission level. Such pollution level has serious health effects and sometimes led to several death and contributes to climate change. Vehicular emissions are one of the major pollutant’s sources today with road transport as the key source of the PM2.5 pollution in large cities across the globe. This is due to several reasons including high vehicle density, old emission control technologies, fuels’ high Sulphur content, and limited public transportation options.Clean mobility will help to cut down on health cost and premature death due to air pollution, mitigate climate change actions and economic impacts of mobility. This paper will discuss issues such as stakeholder analysis on existing mobility systems and how to make it clean, policy framework and guidelines and public private partnership in the mobility sector. Therefore, the government in partnership with the private sector and multilateral agencies would have to invest in sustainable modern electric trains, Electric Mobility systems, build ports near deep rivers and create more local and international airports, and ensure people can afford to use them as well as explore the use of alternative fuel with less pollutants and reduced impact on the climate such as natural gas and hydrogen (green, blue, grey) as the case may be.","PeriodicalId":511802,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology","volume":"36 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140237424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electricity Pricing, Electricity Access and Household Welfare in Lagos State, Nigeria: A Household Survey 尼日利亚拉各斯州的电力定价、电力供应和家庭福利：家庭调查

Advances in Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-9kke2n

Abigail Bolade Adaramola, L. Oderinde, Chigozie Nweke-Eze

引用次数: 0

Economic Growth, Population Dynamics and Electricity Consumption in Ghana 加纳的经济增长、人口动态和用电量

Advances in Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-lhocq1

David Owusu-Acheampong, Chigozie Nweke-Eze

引用次数: 0

Mini-Grids: Empowering Africa’s Sustainable Energy Transition 小型电网：增强非洲可持续能源转型的能力

Advances in Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-n8cveu

Maryam Tijjani Saleh

{"title":"Mini-Grids: Empowering Africa’s Sustainable Energy Transition","authors":"Maryam Tijjani Saleh","doi":"10.4028/p-n8cveu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-n8cveu","url":null,"abstract":"The African continent is at the forefront of a transformative energy transition, driven by the urgent need for sustainable and accessible electricity solutions. The role of mini-grids emerges as a transformative solution to power rural and underserved communities. This paper delves into the role of mini-grids in catalyzing Africa's sustainable energy transition. Drawing on extensive research and case studies, this study explores Mini-grids, localized and decentralized electricity systems with immense promise for enhancing energy access, promoting renewable energy adoption, and fostering economic development across diverse African communities and the current landscape of mini-grids deployment in Africa. In this context, the paper highlights the critical importance of mini-grids in extending electricity services to remote and underserved regions, thereby empowering marginalized populations and advancing social equity. By integrating renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, into mini-grid architectures, African countries can significantly reduce carbon emissions and contribute to global climate goals. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the socio-economic impact of mini-grids by increasing the potential for job creation, local entrepreneurship, and sustainable livelihoods. It underscores how mini-grids serve as engines of economic growth, enabling productive activities and fostering community resilience. As Africa seeks to unlock its clean energy potential, this paper underscores the significance of mini-grids in building resilient and decentralized energy systems. It explores how mini-grids complement existing energy infrastructure, enhancing grid resilience and strengthening energy security in the face of climate change and other external disruptions. This study aims to inspire robust discussions and informed actions that accelerate the integration of mini-grids into Africa's evolving energy landscape.","PeriodicalId":511802,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140240344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Energy Poverty” as a Nigerian Problem, “Energy Mix” as a Solution 尼日利亚的 "能源贫困 "问题与 "能源组合 "解决方案

Advances in Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-5lr1yj

Kawu Idris-Idah

引用次数: 0

Geographical Information System Based Assessment of Small Hydropower Potential in South-Eastern Nigeria: A Case Study of Abia State 基于地理信息系统的尼日利亚东南部小水电潜力评估：阿比亚州案例研究

Advances in Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-a0roum

B. Oyinna, M. O. Ukoba

{"title":"Geographical Information System Based Assessment of Small Hydropower Potential in South-Eastern Nigeria: A Case Study of Abia State","authors":"B. Oyinna, M. O. Ukoba","doi":"10.4028/p-a0roum","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-a0roum","url":null,"abstract":"Small hydropower technology has gained traction in the Nigerian energy and power ecosystem owing to incentives and reforms aimed at increasing Nigeria’s energy mix for sustainable development. Utilizing these opportunities through harnessing SHP potentials has not made it to the front burner during policy formulations and implementations in South-Eastern Nigeria despite the availability of water bodies and waterlines in the region. This paper focuses on the potentials of small hydropower in Abia state and utilized ArcGIS software to conduct spatial analysis using map data overlayed by shapefiles of water bodies, waterlines, road networks and Land use, Land Cover data (LULC). Multiple ring buffers were created for various proximities around the waterbodies and waterlines and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index calculations were done to determine suitability areas for small hydropower schemes after reclassification of the data. The analysis revealed suitability areas in Osisioma Ngwa and Obingwa Local Government areas with suitable elevations and hydraulics data for run off the river schemes and siting of hydropower plants within a multiple ring buffer distance between 200m to 5km from the waterlines and roads, having a weighted score between 33-66 with NDVI range of -0.018 –0.015 indicating the presence of water bodies and built-up areas around the water bodies with NDVI range of 0.015 – 0.14 and a weighted score within the range of 11-16 This revelation also encourages the hybridization of renewable energy technology using pumped hydro storage to improve the reliability and affordability of mini-grid solutions in Abia State and Nigeria at large.","PeriodicalId":511802,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology","volume":"2 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an Optimized Energy System for Powering Base Transceiver Stations in Calabar, Nigeria 开发优化能源系统，为尼日利亚卡拉巴尔的基地收发站供电

Advances in Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-be8a44

Paul Erungworo Okayim, Julius Achirigbor Idajor, Joseph Usman, Obinna Obinna Echem, Nkechiyere Nnamani

{"title":"Development of an Optimized Energy System for Powering Base Transceiver Stations in Calabar, Nigeria","authors":"Paul Erungworo Okayim, Julius Achirigbor Idajor, Joseph Usman, Obinna Obinna Echem, Nkechiyere Nnamani","doi":"10.4028/p-be8a44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-be8a44","url":null,"abstract":"Energy system plays an important role in the transition towards a sustainable urban life. Enhancing the quality of a livable environment through drastic reduction of pollutant emissions from fossil-fuelled generators can be achieved via the utilization of renewable energy sources. Hybrid renewable energy technologies can reliably meet the energy demands of base transceiver stations (BTS) located in off-grid rural villages. This paper aims to optimize and assess the performance of a hybrid energy system to meet the electrical load requirements of a BTS located in in Calabar, Nigeria using an off-grid hybrid system. Optimizing the control, sizing, and components of such a system aims to provide cost-effective power to these communities. The key objectives are minimizing cost of energy, total net present cost, CO2 emissions and unmet load using HOMER software. The results from the four different energy configurations were evaluated to determine the most optimized combination for the region. From the results obtained, there was a considerable variation in the optimum system configuration based on the different potential renewable energy resources. The result shows that the PV/wind/hydro/battery had a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) as $2.40; PV/hydro/battery had $2.05; PV/wind/battery had $1.64; hydro/battery had $2.05; PV/battery had $1.38 & wind/battery had $5.44. However, due to the low wind and solar penetration in Ogoja, Nigeria, more storage systems were required for configurations without hydro component and large-scale hybrid energy systems with higher LCOE. The configuration system that showed moderate hybrid system sizes with LCOE of $1.38 was the PV/battery system with 0% energy unmet.","PeriodicalId":511802,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140241656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Roadmap to Universal Energy Access in Nigeria 尼日利亚普及能源路线图

Advances in Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-15 DOI: 10.4028/p-3e6efw

E. Okoroafor, Ejeong Baik, Calista Dikeh

{"title":"A Roadmap to Universal Energy Access in Nigeria","authors":"E. Okoroafor, Ejeong Baik, Calista Dikeh","doi":"10.4028/p-3e6efw","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4028/p-3e6efw","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria has a significant number of people in Africa without access to electricity. Achieving universal electricity access in Nigeria will have a significant impact on a large number of people’s lives. Currently, Nigeria’s main barriers to universal energy access is rural electrification and unreliable electricity from the grid. Both have significantly influenced the productivity of Nigeria’s economy, which points to the potentially significant economic growth impact that reliable and universal electricity access will have in Nigeria. Access to clean cooking is another challenge faced in Nigeria. More than 80% of households do not have access to clean energy for cooking. In addition to limited access to electricity, other socio-economic factors such as increasing poverty rate, inflation and the poor distribution network for LPG have contributed to the low access to clean energy for cooking. In order to come up with recommendations to increase electricity access in Nigeria, a feasibility study was evaluated using Ikate, Lagos State, Nigeria as the target location. This pilot project demonstrated that electrification via solar home systems and mini-grids is a good starting point for increasing energy access for rural and urban areas in Nigeria. The proposed solution is to use Off-Grid and Mini-Grid Renewable Energy to tackle the problem of access to electricity. The results showed that with a combination of a Solar PV and Generator, only the case of 100kWh/person/year would be affordable by the residents of the community, but will still require some significant capital outlay. A net metering policy that will clarify how customers who generate electricity from renewable energy can manage the excess energy they generate, thus encouraging private participation in renewable energy generation. In addition, we address pathways to improve access to clean cooking across households in Nigeria. Combined with pathways for improving access to electricity forms a basis for a roadmap to ensuring universal energy access in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":511802,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Science and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140239011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

6th International Conference on Advanced Materials Science 第六届国际先进材料科学会议

Advances in Science and Technology Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.4028/b-ztao6f

S. Sarjito, W. Siswanto, M. Mustapa, A. Anggono, Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi

引用次数: 0