Southwestern Naturalist最新文献

{"title":"EFFECT OF BUFFELGRASS (CENCHRUS CILIARIS) ON SONORAN DESERT RODENT DIVERSITY AND POPULATION DENSITY","authors":"Rocío Jazmín Guzmán-Ojeda, R. Castillo-Gámez, A. Macías-Duarte, J. A. Alvarado-Castro","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-67.1.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-67.1.18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris, syn. Pennisetum ciliare) is exotic to the Sonoran Desert and has caused drastic changes in this ecosystem. Yet, little research has documented the impact of buffelgrass on wildlife in the region, including small mammals. The objective of this study was to estimate abundance of native nocturnal rodents and characterize habitat structure in an area with native vegetation and buffelgrass prairies to assess the effect of this exotic grass on the diversity and population density of this community in the Sonoran Desert, located in the municipality of La Colorada, in central Sonora, Mexico. We trapped nocturnal rodents in a buffelgrass prairie site and in a site with native vegetation (with two trapping plots at each site), before and during the summer rainy season, and observed the differences in species composition between sites. We used capture-mark-recapture and distance sampling models to estimate population density of the two most common species, Dipodomys merriami and Chaetodipus penicillatus. Despite differences in habitat structural diversity between buffelgrass prairies and native vegetation, our results suggest that buffelgrass does not seem to affect dominance or population density of these two heteromyids, whereas evenness and species richness showed some differences between buffelgrass prairies and native vegetation sites. Resumen El zacate buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris, syn. Pennisetum ciliare) es una especie exótica al desierto Sonorense que ha ocasionado cambios drásticos en este ecosistema. Sin embargo, poco se ha documentado sobre el impacto del zacate buffel en la fauna silvestre de la región, incluyendo a los mamíferos pequeños. El objetivo del presente estudio fue estimar la abundancia de roedores nocturnos nativos y caracterizar la estructura del hábitat en un área con vegetación nativa y praderas de zacate buffel para evaluar el efecto de este pasto exótico sobre la diversidad y densidad poblacional de esta comunidad en el desierto Sonorense, ubicado en el municipio de La Colorada, en el centro de Sonora, México. Se realizaron trampeos en un sitio con pradera de zacate buffel y en un sitio con vegetación nativa. Se colocaron dos parcelas de trampeo en cada uno, antes y durante la temporada de lluvias de verano y se observaron las diferencias en la composición de especies entre sitios. Se utilizaron modelos de captura-marcaje-recaptura y muestreo por distancia para estimar la densidad poblacional de las dos especies más comunes, Dipodomys merriami y Chaetodipus penicillatus. A pesar de las diferencias en diversidad estructural de hábitat entre las praderas de zacate buffel y la vegetación nativa, nuestros resultados sugieren que no existe efecto del zacate buffel ni sobre la dominancia ni sobre la densidad poblacional de los dos heterómidos, mientras que la uniformidad y la riqueza de especies mostraron algunas diferencias entre los sitios de pradera de zacate buffel y vegetación nativa.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"67 1","pages":"18 - 26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45841263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BREEDING ECOLOGY OF A COLUMBID COMMUNITY OCCURRING IN SOUTH TEXAS WITH FOCUS ON EURASIAN COLLARED-DOVES (STREPTOPELIA DECAOCTO)","authors":"Timothy J. Ludwick, A. Fedynich, Owen N. Fitzsimmons","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-67.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-67.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Eurasian collared-dove (Streptopelia decaocto) has expanded its range into South Texas, bringing it into contact with native columbid species. We studied urban columbid breeding ecology at three study sites, representing five South Texas towns, in 2006 and 2007. Columbids began nesting in April and peaked in late spring, followed by a secondary nesting peak. A positive relationship occurred between nesting vegetation type and mean nest density of each columbid species but was inconsistent within and among study sites. Eurasian collared-doves also utilized human-constructed structures for nesting sites. Columbids were nonselective in choosing nest placement within trees except for Eurasian collared-doves nesting in Rio Grande ash (Fraxinus berlanderiana). White-winged doves (Zenaida asiatica) and Eurasian collared-doves tended to nest higher in trees than mourning doves (Zenaida macroura) or Inca doves (Columbina inca) where all four species co-occurred. Eurasian collared-dove, Inca dove, mourning dove, and white-winged dove productivity was 1.3 ± 0.1 (SE) fledged young/nest, 1.3 ± 0.2, 0.9 ± 0.1, and 1.1 ± <0.1, respectively. Overall, urban nesting columbids used a generalist habitat and nest site association strategy, which negated interspecific competition for available nest sites. We provide some of the first information on nesting ecology and productivity of the Eurasian collared-dove associated with native columbid species within North America. Resumen La paloma de collar turca (Streptopelia decaocto) ha expandido su área de distribución al sur de Texas, poniéndose en contacto con especies columbidas nativas. Estudiamos la ecología reproductiva de columbidae urbana en tres sitios de estudio, representando cinco ciudades del sur del estado de Texas en 2006 y 2007. Las palomas columbidae comenzaron a anidar en abril, alcanzando su pico máximo a fines de la primavera, seguido de un pico secundario de anidación. Se produjo una relación positiva entre el tipo de vegetación de anidación y la densidad media de nidos de cada especie columbina, pero fue inconsistente dentro de sitios individuales y entre ellos. Las palomas de collar turcas también utilizaron estructuras construidas por humanos para sitios de anidación. Las columbidae no fueron selectivas al elegir la ubicación de los nidos dentro de los árboles, excepto las palomas de collar turcas que anidan en los fresnos del río Grande (Fraxinus berlanderiana). Las palomas de alas blancas (Zenaida asiatica) y la paloma de collar turca solían anidar más alto en los árboles que la paloma huilota (Zenaida macroura) o la tortolita cola larga (Columbina inca) donde coexistían las cuatro especies. La productividad de la paloma de collar turca, la tortolita cola larga, la paloma huilota y la paloma de alas blancas fue de 1.3 ± 0.1 (ES) crías que salieron por nido, 1.3 ± 0.2, 0.9 ± 0.1, y 1.1 ± <0.1, respectivamente. En general, las columbidae de anidación urbana utilizaron una estrategia gen","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"67 1","pages":"1 - 9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43722749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FERAL BURROS AS A MOUNTAIN LION PREY ITEM IN WEST CENTRAL ARIZONA","authors":"Jacob I. Mesler, Andrew Jones","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47607654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SOME OBSERVATIONS OF SEVERE WEATHER EVENTS ON A LARGE URBAN POPULATION OF FREE-TAILED BATS (TADARIDA BRASILIENSIS)","authors":"Timothy McSweeny, D. Brooks","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44981426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOUNTAIN PLOVER (CHARADRIUS MONTANUS) OCCURRENCE IN SOUTH PARK BASIN, COLORADO","authors":"Brandon A. Skerbetz, Jordan D McMahon, Matthew C. Rustand","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.327","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the late 1990s, a 63% decline of the mountain plover (Charadrius montanus) population warranted that effective monitoring be considered; since this decline, the Bureau of Land Management distinguished the mountain plover as a sensitive species. We conducted triennial single-observer transect surveys of mountain plovers in an effort to monitor their local population and further base land management decisions accordingly. Our results after four survey years indicate a stable occupancy of mountain plovers in South Park, Colorado, with an occupancy probability of 0.152. We recommend continued monitoring of mountain plover to constructively determine its status over time in its inevitably changing habitat. Resumen A finales de la década de 1990, una disminución del 63% del chorlito de la montaña (Charadrius montanus) justificó que se considerara un monitoreo eficaz. Desde esta disminución, el Bureau of Land Management clasificó al chorlito de la montaña como una especie susceptible. Hicimos muestreos de una sola persona trienalmente a través de transectos para el chorlito de la montaña en un esfuerzo para monitorear su población local y proveer una mejor base para el manejo de la tierra. Nuestros resultados después de cuatro años de muestreos indican una ocupación estable de chorlitos de la montaña en South Park, Colorado, con una probabilidad de ocupación de 0.152. Recomendamos continuar el monitoreo del chorlito de la montaña para determinar constructivamente su estatus en un hábitat inevitablemente cambiante en el futuro.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"327 - 332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43823306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECTS OF CATTLE DISTURBANCE ON CHANGE IN POPULATION DENSITIES AND FLOWERING OF WRIGHT FISHHOOK CACTUS (SCLEROCACTUS WRIGHTIAE L.D. BENSON)","authors":"Thomas H. Bates, V. Anderson, Robert L. Johnson, S. Petersen, L. Allphin, Dustin L. Rooks","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.304","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In 1979, the United States Fish and Wildlife Service listed the Wright fishhook cactus (Sclerocactus wrightiae L.D. Benson) as endangered. Since that time, the potential impacts associated with cattle grazing have been a central focus of land management policies and debate. To better understand and monitor the impacts of cattle disturbance on Wright fishhook cactus population trends, the Bureau of Land Management established 30 macroplots (25 × 50 m). These macroplots were placed in multiple grazing allotments and located in areas representing different levels of disturbance (high, moderate, and low). Our objective was to evaluate the effects of cattle soil disturbance on change in population densities (individuals/macroplot), flowering plant frequency (%), and flowering density (number of reproductive structures/macroplot) of Wright fishhook cactus across 7 years (2011–2017). Our analysis suggests that decreased flowering frequency (%) is significantly associated with high cattle disturbance. However, we observed no significant association between level of disturbance and flower density or change in population density. These results indicate that soil disturbance by cattle may not be significantly impacting Wright fishhook cactus populations or contributing to their range-wide population decline. Resumen En el año 1979, el United States Fish and Wildlife Service declaró a la especie de cacto anzuelo de Wright (Sclerocactus wrightiae L.D. Benson) en peligro de extinción. Desde entonces, se han disputado las políticas de manejo de tierras y los impactos potenciales asociados con el pastoreo de ganado. Para comprender mejor y monitorear los impactos de la ganadería sobre los cambios poblacionales del cacto anzuelo de Wright, el Bureau of Land Management estableció 30 macroparcelas (25 m × 50 m). Las macroparcelas fueron instaladas en múltiples sectores de pastoreo en lugares representando diferentes niveles de perturbación (alto, mediano, y bajo). Nuestro objetivo fue la evaluación de los efectos de la perturbación del suelo causados por el ganado en cambios en la densidad poblacional (individuales/macroparcela), la frecuencia de floración (%), y la densidad de floración (número de estructuras reproductivas/macroparcela) del cacto azuelo de Wright durante siete años (2011–2017). Nuestro análisis sugiere que la frecuencia decreciente de floración (%) está significativamente asociada con la alta perturbación de pastoreo de ganado. Sin embargo, no observamos ninguna asociación significativa entre el nivel de perturbación y la densidad de floración ni el cambio en la densidad poblacional. Estos resultados indican que la alteración del suelo por ganado no tiene un impacto significativo sobre la población del cacto anzuelo de Wright, ni contribuye a su disminución poblacional en toda su distribución geográfica.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"304 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43931428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF LABORATORY-DERIVED THERMAL MAXIMA OF GILA TROUT (ONCORHYNCHUS GILAE) WITH CURRENT STREAM TEMPERATURES","authors":"T. Wallin, C. Caldwell","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.317","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Gila trout (Oncorhynchus gilae) represent an iconic species of the American Southwest. The salmonid has survived extensive logging, livestock grazing, and mining, and is currently threatened by climate change, wildfire, and extended drought. Long-term conservation and recovery of the species and its unique lineages rely on stocking and translocation into historically inhabited streams. Thus, the fish's thermal tolerance is essential in determining suitable habitat and potential vulnerability to a warming climate. We compared a laboratory-derived temperature metric, critical thermal maximum (CTMax), in hatchery-reared Gila trout from three lineages (Main Diamond, South Diamond, and Whiskey Creek) to determine if CTMax differed among the lineages. The average initial (28.9°C, SD = 0.81°C) and final (29.2°C, SD = 0.74°C) temperature at loss of righting responses did not differ across the lineages. We compared the CTMax values with stream temperatures across three drainages representative of extant Gila trout populations from spring 2015 to fall 2018. The East Fork Gila River drainage was represented by more extreme stream temperatures. The maximum daily maximum temperature (i.e., single highest temperature) varied from 24.1 to 33.4°C, exceeding CTMax in four of the five streams. The maximum daily temperature varied from 12.1 to 28.6°C, and the mean weekly maximum temperature varied from 19.9 to 31.1°C. Mean weekly maximum temperature in Lower Diamond Creek exceeded CTMax on 11 occasions. Stream temperatures were cooler within the Middle and the West Fork Gila River drainages and did not exceed CTMax. Intermittency loggers within the East Fork Gila River drainage, which supports Main Diamond and South Diamond lineages of Gila trout, recorded over 300 days of intermittency during a drought. Continued long-term monitoring of stream temperature and comparison with CTMax of Gila trout could assist with decisions of which streams in the Gila Drainage are suitable for Gila trout recovery, stocking, and translocation. Resumen La trucha de gila (Oncorhynchus gilae) representa una especia icónica del suroeste de los Estados Unidos. Este salmónido ha sobrevivido una historia extensiva de tala forestal, pastoreo de ganado y minería, y actualmente se encuentra amenazado por el cambio climático, incendios forestales, y sequía extendida. La conservación a largo plazo y recuperación de esta especie y sus linajes únicos dependen de la repoblación y reubicación exitosas en arroyos históricamente habitados. Por lo tanto, la tolerancia termal del pez jugará un papel esencial en la determinación del hábitat adecuado y la vulnerabilidad potencial a un clima cada vez más cálido. Comparamos la temperatura crítica máxima (TCMax), un métrico derivado del laboratorio, en la trucha gila criada en criadero proveniente de tres linajes (Main Diamond, South Diamond y Whiskey Creek) para determinar si la TCMax difirió entre linajes. El promedio de temperatura inicial (28.9","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"317 - 326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46118591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FLAT-TAILED HORNED LIZARDS—20 YEARS OF RESEARCH AT THE NORTHWESTERN EDGE OF THEIR RANGE","authors":"C. Barrows, Scott A. Heacox, Lynn C. Sweet","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.309","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Flat-tailed horned lizards (Phrynosoma mcallii) exist in one of the hottest, driest deserts of North America. Much of this lizard's habitat has been reduced and fragmented because of conversion from aeolian sand flats to agriculture, golf courses, housing, industrial-scale solar, and off-road vehicle recreation, as well as the construction of multiple highways, railroads, and aqueducts. To inform management actions aimed at sustaining populations in these habitat fragments it is critical to monitor the lizards' population fluctuations within a context of changes to the quality and quantity of their habitat and available resources. Here we describe fluctuations and relationships to habitat variables for a population of flat-tailed horned lizards at the northwesternmost edge of their range. Over 20 years of surveys, the lizards' population did not correlate with rainfall amounts as would be expected in such an arid environment. Rather, the lizards showed a negative correlation with the density of an invasive nonnative plant, Sahara mustard (Brassica tournefortii). In years with high rainfall the mustard formed dense stands, inhibiting native annual plants, and creating a negative trophic cascade that included the lizards' primary food, harvester ants. However, in moderate- and low-rainfall years, when the mustard is absent or at low densities, flat-tailed horned lizard populations rebound. The result is that the last remaining Coachella Valley population of flat-tailed horned lizards continues to persist. Resumen El lagarto cornudo de cola plana (Phrynosoma mcallii) existe en uno de los desiertos más calurosos y secos de América del Norte. Debido a la conversión de su hábitat de llanuras de arena eólica a la agricultura, campos de golf, viviendas, parques solares a escala industrial, y recreación en vehículos todoterreno, así como la construcción de múltiples carreteras, líneas de ferrocarriles, y acueductos, la gran parte del hábitat de este lagarto se ha reducido y fragmentado. Para informar las acciones de manejo dirigidas a mantener las poblaciones dentro de estos fragmentos de hábitat, es crítico monitorear el estado de las lagartijas, así como situar las fluctuaciones de las poblaciones dentro de un contexto de cambios en la calidad y cantidad de su hábitat y los recursos disponibles. Aquí describimos las fluctuaciones y las relaciones a las variables de hábitat para una población de esta lagartija al límite noroeste de su distribución geográfica. Durante 20 años de muestreos, la población de la lagartija no se correlacionó con las cantidades de lluvia como se esperaría en un ambiente tan árido. Más bien, las lagartijas mostraron una correlación negativa con la densidad de una planta invasora, no nativa, mostaza del Sahara (Brassica tournefortii). En años con altas precipitaciones, la mostaza formó densos rodales, inhibiendo las plantas nativas anuales, y creando una cascada trófica negativa que incluía el alimento principal de las l","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"309 - 316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41959480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUPPORTING RIPARIAN HABITAT WITH TRADITIONAL IRRIGATION SYSTEMS OF THE NORTHERN RIO GRANDE REGION","authors":"Ciara J. Cusack, A. Fernald, D. VanLeeuwen, S. Guldan, T. Baker, R. Heyduck","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.280","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We studied the roles of traditional irrigation systems called acequias in supporting riparian habitat in terms of riparian tree planting success. We planted Populus deltoides wislizenii (Rio Grande cottonwood) pole cuttings at locations close to and far from surface water: 1, 2, and 3 m from the edge of an acequia, within 100 m from the river that supplies water to the acequia, and in the middle (lengthwise) of a 500-m-long, 115-m-wide, fallow field between the acequia and the river. The poles were planted at deep and shallow depths. We measured survival and growth at each plot and planting depth after the 2008 and 2009 growing seasons. We hypothesized that the poles planted near the acequia would survive and grow similarly to poles planted near the river. Acequia-related seepage created localized areas where riparian plantings had survival rates >80%. Poles planted by the acequia and river had higher survival rates (>80%) than those in the fallow field (<50%). The deeper plantings led to, on average, 50% more growth than the shallow plantings in terms of height gain, leaf area, number of new shoots, and basal diameter gain. Results from this study show that acequias successfully support cottonwood pole plantings. Resumen Estudiamos el papel de los sistemas de riego tradicionales llamados acequias apoyando el hábitat ribereño en términos del éxito en el establecimiento de árboles plantados. Plantamos esquejes (palos) de Populus deltoides wislizenii (álamo del río Grande) en lugares cercanos y alejados de la superficie del agua: 1, 2 y 3 m de distancia de la orilla de una acequia, dentro de 100 metros del río que alimenta la acequia, y en medio (a lo largo) de un campo no cultivado de 500 metros de longitud y 115 m de ancho, ubicado entre la acequia y el río. Los palos fueron plantados profundos y no profundos en la tierra. Evaluamos la sobrevivencia y crecimiento en cada lugar y profundidad de la siembra después de la temporada de crecimiento en 2008 and 2009. La hipótesis fue que los palos plantados cerca de la acequia sobrevivirían y crecerían de manera similar a los plantados cerca del río. Las filtraciones de la acequia crearon áreas donde la tasa de supervivencia de la siembra ribereña fue >80%. Los palos plantados cerca de la acequia y del río tuvieron mayores tasas de supervivencia (>80%) que los plantados en el campo no cultivado (<50%). Los palos sembrados más profundos resultaron en un promedio de 50% más de crecimiento que los menos profundos, esto en términos de crecimiento de altura, superficie foliar, número de nuevos brotes, y crecimiento de diámetro basal. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que las acequias promueven exitosamente la siembra de palos de álamo.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"280 - 289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47651120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MOJAVE DESERT TORTOISE (GOPHERUS AGASSIZII) MORTALITY AND INJURY FOLLOWING THE COTTONWOOD TRAIL FIRE IN RED CLIFFS NATIONAL CONSERVATION AREA, UTAH","authors":"John O. Kellam, Ann McLuckie, Emily J. Hartwig, Demetria T. Papadopoulos","doi":"10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1894/0038-4909-66.4.298","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We report the results of standardized surveys to determine Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) direct mortality and injury as a result of the 2020 Cottonwood Trail Fire in the Red Cliffs National Conservation Area, Utah. We encountered 14 tortoise remains attributed to fire, one fire-injured tortoise, and three live tortoises within a 250-ha area of burned tortoise habitat. We used an infrared-equipped trail camera to monitor the health of a fire-injured tortoise at a burrow site. The camera recorded the first observation of a desert woodrat (Neotoma lepida) feeding on a live, fire-injured desert tortoise. We hypothesize that desert woodrat carnivory of fire-injured tortoises in burrows might contribute to indirect (and undetected) fire-related tortoise mortality. Resumen Reportamos los resultados de muestreos estandarizados para determinar la mortalidad directa y las lesiones de la tortuga del desierto de Mojave (Gopherus agassizii) como resultado del incendio Cottonwood Trail de 2020 en el Área de Conservación Nacional Red Cliffs, Utah. Encontramos 14 restos de tortugas atribuidos al fuego, una tortuga lesionada por el fuego, y tres tortugas vivas dentro de un área de 250 ha de hábitat de tortugas quemado. Usamos una trampa cámara equipada con luz infrarroja para monitorear la salud de una tortuga lesionada por el fuego en una madriguera. La cámara registró la primera observación de una rata montera del desierto (Neotoma lepida) alimentándose de una tortuga del desierto viva pero lesionada por el fuego. Hipotetizamos que la alimentación carnívora por la rata montera del desierto de tortugas lesionadas por el fuego en madrigueras podría contribuir a una mortalidad de tortugas indirecta (y no detectada) relacionada con el fuego.","PeriodicalId":51157,"journal":{"name":"Southwestern Naturalist","volume":"66 1","pages":"298 - 303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48130184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}