Southern Journal of Applied Forestry最新文献_第3页

A Sequential Sampling Plan for Counts of Adelges tsugae on Individual Eastern Hemlock Trees 东部铁杉单株上银杉计数的序贯抽样计划

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-05-01 DOI: 10.5849/SJAF.11-029

J. Fidgen, D. Legg, S. Salom

{"title":"A Sequential Sampling Plan for Counts of Adelges tsugae on Individual Eastern Hemlock Trees","authors":"J. Fidgen, D. Legg, S. Salom","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-029","url":null,"abstract":"A sequential sampling plan was developed to estimate density of sistens of the invasive exotic hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Annand), by counting adelgids on new shoots of four branch tips sampled from the lower half of the live crown of individual, asymptomatic eastern hemlock trees. The y-intercepts and slopes for the relationship between observed mean and variance of A. tsugae counts were similar for North Carolina and for 2 years of data collected from Virginia; thus, data were pooled to create one regression equation that was used to develop a count-based sequential sampling plan. Validation data sets were obtained in West Virginia and by randomly selecting half of the trees sampled in North Carolina and Virginia, trees not used previously to develop the sampling plan. Validation of the combined North Carolina–Virginia sampling plan showed that the model performed as specified. This plan should allow for estimation of adelgid population changes on a tree over time, provided the tree has not declined due to A. tsugae infestation. This plan can also be used to assess chemical or biological treatment effects on A. tsugae, provided such treatments do not fundamentally alter the mean–variance relationship.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"37 1","pages":"75-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-029","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Extending a Model System to Predict Biomass in Mixed-Species Southern Appalachian Hardwood Forests 扩展模型系统预测混合树种南阿巴拉契亚阔叶林生物量

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-05-01 DOI: 10.5849/SJAF.12-005

Charles O. Sabatia, T. Fox, H. Burkhart

引用次数: 3

Hybridization in naturally regenerated shortleaf pine as affected by the distance to nearby artificially regenerated stands of loblolly pine 自然再生短叶松与邻近火炬松人工再生林分的距离对杂交的影响

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-05-01 DOI: 10.5849/SJAF.12-008

John F. Stewart, C. Tauer, J. Guldin, C. Nelson

{"title":"Hybridization in naturally regenerated shortleaf pine as affected by the distance to nearby artificially regenerated stands of loblolly pine","authors":"John F. Stewart, C. Tauer, J. Guldin, C. Nelson","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.12-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.12-008","url":null,"abstract":"The natural range of shortleaf pine encompasses 22 states from New York to Texas, second only to eastern white pine in the eastern United States. It is a species of minor and varying occurrence in most of these states usually found in association with other pines, but it is the only naturally occurring pine in the northwestern part of its range in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Missouri. Over the whole of this area, it is apparent that shortleaf pine hybridizes with loblolly pine, including areas of species overlap (sympatry) and nonoverlap (allopatry). In this study, we used 25 DNA markers to measure the levels of hybridization and introgression in populations of juvenile and mature shortleaf pine from a wilderness area within the allopatric range of shortleaf pine that bordered loblolly pine plantings. Frequency of hybrids ranged from 9.2 to 24.0% among the populations sampled, and we found that levels of hybridization correlates with distances to the nearest loblolly pine plantations. However, the rates of hybridization and introgression apparently remained the same among the parent and juvenile populations.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"37 1","pages":"102-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.12-008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Relating Quantity, Quality, and Value of Lumber to Planting Density for Loblolly Pine Plantations 火炬松人工林木材数量、质量和价值与种植密度的关系

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-05-01 DOI: 10.5849/SJAF.12-012

R. Amateis, H. Burkhart

引用次数: 9

Effects of herbaceous and woody plant control on longleaf pine growth and understory plant cover 草本和木本植物控制对长叶松生长和林下植被覆盖的影响

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-05-01 DOI: 10.5849/SJAF.11-045

J. Haywood

{"title":"Effects of herbaceous and woody plant control on longleaf pine growth and understory plant cover","authors":"J. Haywood","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-045","url":null,"abstract":"fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudult) with a slope of 1–10% (Kerr et al. 1980). The other complex (92° 38 W, 31° 8 N at 66 m above sea level) is comprised of Beauregard silt loam and Malbis fine sandy loam (fine-loamy, siliceous, subactive, thermic Plinthic Paleudult) with a slope of 1–5%. Before harvesting, Study 2 was a closed canopy, mature, loblolly pine (P. taeda L.)-hardwood forest. The understory vegetation was mostly hardwood trees, shrubs, and vines and scattered shade tolerant herbaceous plants. The study sites are within the humid, temperate, coastal plain and flatwoods province of the West Gulf Region of the southeastern United States (McNab and Avers 1994). The climate is subtropical. During the 12-year period, December had the lowest average mean temperature of 10.3° C and August had the highest average mean temperature of 28.2° C (National Climatic Data Center 2012). Annual precipitation averaged 1,463 mm with 1,059 mm during the growing season, which included the months of March through November. Both studies are on uplands suitable for restoring longleaf pine forests (Turner et al. 1999). Treatment Establishment In Study 1, the vegetation was rotary mowed and the large woody debris was hand cleared in June 1997. In Study 2, the mature loblolly pine-hardwood forest on both complexes was clearcut harvested in 1996, roller drum chopped, and prescribed fire was applied by October 1997. Primarily grasses dominated the plant community in Study 1, and trees and shrubs dominated the plant community in Study 2 for the next 6 years (Haywood 2005). On plots that were only prescribed burned (checks), 1st-year herbaceous plant mass was 2,058 kg/ha oven-dried weight at Study 1 and 1,055 kg/ha at Study 2. After 4 years, tree and shrub stocking was 18,031 stems/ha with an average total height of 0.06 m and crown width of 0.03 m at Study 1, whereas at Study 2, stocking was 29,270 stems/ha with an average total height of 0.6 m and crown width of 0.3 m. In 1997, four treatments were randomly assigned to the research plots in a randomized complete block design (Steel and Torrie 1980)—check, herbaceous plant control (HPC), woody plant control (WPC), and HPC WPC. In both studies, the 16 research plots (four blocks by four treatments) each measured 22 by 22 m (0.048 ha) and contained 12 rows of 12 seedlings arranged in a 1.83by 1.83-m spacing. The center 64 longleaf pine seedlings (eight rows of eight seedlings each) were the measurement plot. In Study 1, blocking was based on soils with two blocks established on each soil type. In Study 2, blocking was by complex (two blocks on each soil complex) and topographic location within each complex. Longleaf pine seeds from a standard Louisiana seed source were sowed in containers in May 1997. The 28-week-old seedlings were planted on both sites in November 1997 using a planting dibble with a tip of the correct size and shape for the 3.8-cm-wide and 14-cm-deep root plug.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"37 1","pages":"108-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Survival and Juvenile Growth of Loblolly and a Pitch x Loblolly Pine Hybrid in West-Central Arkansas 阿肯色州中西部火炬松和一种沥青与火炬松杂交品种的成活率和幼体生长

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.5849/SJAF.11-035

D. Burner

引用次数: 1

Site index determination techniques for southern bottomland hardwoods 南方洼地阔叶林立地指数测定技术

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.5849/SJAF.09-027

B. Lockhart

{"title":"Site index determination techniques for southern bottomland hardwoods","authors":"B. Lockhart","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.09-027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.09-027","url":null,"abstract":"density (Gingrich 1967, Lanner 1985). A site index curve is developed by plotting height and age data for a given species and forming a height-age growth curve (Avery 1975). A series of harmonized curves is then plotted, usually at 10-ft intervals at the base age, to generate a series of anamorphic site index curves (Schnur 1937). Users can then plot tree height and age data collected from the stand onto species-specific curves and determine site index. Husch et al. (1982) reinforced that site index varies according to species on a given site and that site index curves are prepared for individual species. Furthermore, index trees, or the trees from which total height and age are measured, were not suppressed from an overstory canopy during their lifetime; otherwise, the productive potential of the site for a particular species would be underestimated. Several problems exist when using index trees for site index determination. Spurr and Barnes (1980) noted that assigning dominant and codominant crown classes to individual trees for site index determination is subjective and not necessarily repeatable, though Meadows et al. (2001) developed a crown classification system to quantify bottomland hardwood tree crowns on the basis of crown position and condition. Furthermore, tree canopy status changes over time as individuals drop from a dominant or codominant crown class to lower crown classes through competition, reducing the repeatability of measuring the same index trees (Raulier et al. 2003). Determining tree heights accurately also may be difficult because of dense leaf layers in tree tops during the growing season. McNab (1989) noted that age is particularly difficult to measure accurately in hardwoods. Furthermore, questions arise as to how many index trees are needed to accurately determine site index (Mailly et al. 2004). Finally, there is a temptation to use site index curves beyond the range of data used to develop the height-age relationships. Additional problems have been noted using anamorphic site index curves (Tesch 1980). First, an assumption is made in developing anamorphic curves that height development of a species is similar across a variety of age classes and site conditions. Many authors have showed this to not be true (e.g., Carmean 1956, 1972, Hilt and Dale 1982). Curtis (1964) and Carmean (1972) indicated that harvesting was more likely to occur on good sites than poor sites because trees would reach merchantable size earlier on good sites. Therefore, older age classes in site index curve development would mostly be represented by trees growing on poor sites. Second, Carmean (1972) found different patterns of height growth for upland oak species, based on stem analysis data, compared with height development based on anamorphic site index curves; therefore, he used polymorphic height growth patterns to better explain differences in height growth within a species. Anamorphic site index curves are proportional curves that have a","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"37 1","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.09-027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Evaluating Best Management Practices for Ephemeral Stream Protection following Forest Harvest in the Cumberland Plateau 评价坎伯兰高原森林采伐后短暂溪流保护的最佳管理措施

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.5849/SJAF.11-041

E. Witt, C. Barton, J. Stringer, D. Bowker, R. Kolka

引用次数: 19

Streamside Management Zones Affect Movement of Silvicultural Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers to Piedmont Streams 河滨管理区影响造林氮肥和磷肥向山前溪流的运动

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.5849/SJAF.11-032

J. M. Secoges, W. Aust, J. Seiler, C. A. Dolloff, W. Lakel

{"title":"Streamside Management Zones Affect Movement of Silvicultural Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers to Piedmont Streams","authors":"J. M. Secoges, W. Aust, J. Seiler, C. A. Dolloff, W. Lakel","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-032","url":null,"abstract":"Forestry best management practices (BMP) recommendations for streamside management zones (SMZs) are based on limited data regarding SMZ width, partial harvests, and nutrient movements after forest fertilization. Agricultural fertilization is commonly linked to increased stream nutrients. However, less is known about effectiveness of SMZ options for controlling nutrient movements after silvicultural fertilization. Diammonium phosphate and urea were applied to 12 subwatersheds in 3-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations in the Virginia Piedmont. Three replicates of four SMZ treatments were superimposed on 12 subwatersheds in a previous SMZ harvest sediment study (7.6-m SMZ, 15.2-m SMZ thin, 15.2-m SMZ, and 30.5-m SMZ). Surface, near-surface, subsurface, and stream water samples were collected monthly for 1 year and analyzed for nitrate (NO3 ), ammonium (NH4 ), and orthophosphate (ortho-P). Transected measurements from streamside to fertilized plantations allowed interpretations of spatial nutrient measurements across SMZs. When compared with wider SMZs, 7.6-m SMZs had 3–10 surface water NO3 ,3 – 6 near-surface water NO3 , and 1–2 more stream water NO3 . No significant differences were detected for NH 4 for any SMZ treatment. The 15.2-m SMZ thin had small but significant increases (2– 8) in surface runoff for ortho-P relative to other SMZ treatments, perhaps because of increased surface water movement along thinning corridors. Across all SMZ treatments, comparisons of stream edges with fertilized stands indicated NO3 reductions of 33–98%, NH4 reductions of 68 –97%, and ortho-P reductions of 70 –98%. A 39% rainfall deficit during the study influenced results, but conventional SMZs 15.2 m protected streams from fertilization nutrient increases.","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"37 1","pages":"26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Utility of an Instantaneous Moisture Meter for Duff Moisture Prediction in Long-Unburned Longleaf Pine Forests 在长期未燃烧的长叶松林中用于达夫水分预测的瞬时湿度计的效用

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry Pub Date : 2013-02-01 DOI: 10.5849/SJAF.11-034

E. Engber, J. Varner, Christopher J. Dugaw, Lenya Quinn-Davidson, J. Hiers

{"title":"Utility of an Instantaneous Moisture Meter for Duff Moisture Prediction in Long-Unburned Longleaf Pine Forests","authors":"E. Engber, J. Varner, Christopher J. Dugaw, Lenya Quinn-Davidson, J. Hiers","doi":"10.5849/SJAF.11-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5849/SJAF.11-034","url":null,"abstract":"14 Duff fires have been implicated in overstory mortality and soil heating in long-unburned pine 15 forests. In the South’s punctuated climate, duff moisture can change rapidly, falling below 16 moisture thresholds that protect trees or increasing following brief downpours. To date, 17 managers lack an instantaneous measure of duff moisture, a hurdle to the implementation of 18 prescribed burns. Here we evaluate a low-cost tool, the Campbell Scientific Duff Moisture Meter 19 (DMM) 600, to estimate duff moisture content in the field. Comparisons of the DMM 600 20 outputs with paired oven-dried duff fuel samples revealed statistically significant differences, 21 with DMM 600 moisture output explaining 54 percent of the variation in oven-dried moisture 22 content. Comparisons with previously published data demonstrate that large variations in duff 23 moisture calculations may predict a broad range of observed duff consumption and overstory tree 24 mortality levels, limiting its applicability for some management objectives. DMM 600 outputs 25 were only weakly correlated with Keetch-Byram Drought Index (R = 0.30). In addition, we 26","PeriodicalId":51154,"journal":{"name":"Southern Journal of Applied Forestry","volume":"37 1","pages":"13-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5849/SJAF.11-034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70978675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7