Brazilian Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of waste management activities within the scope of sustainable environmental management at Tatvan Van Lake Ferry directorate Turkiye","authors":"Yunus Urfan, Sevgi Akkoy, Edip Avşar","doi":"10.14295/bjs.v3i9.627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i9.627","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of technology in the 21st Century, changes have also occurred in the transportation sector. In recent years, transportation by ships at full capacity has increased the volume of maritime trade, causing unavoidable pollution in the seas. Today, maritime transportation is safe and encompasses various services and activities. Pollution caused by marine vessels is a significant concern for all over the world. In addition to this fuel costs were high because maritime transportation relied on simple, low-capacity vessels. The new vehicles used today pose a problem due to their low capacity. This article aims to identify the types and amounts of waste from new ships at the Tatvan Van Lake Ferry Pier and to develop strategies for transporting this waste to land within the framework of sustainable environmental management. The study suggests building a waste reception facility in the city to manage the waste generated by maritime activities.","PeriodicalId":511496,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Science","volume":"34 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141813982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of animal manure on population dynamics of indigenous soil Bacillus spp.","authors":"Silver Baryakabona, J. Ssekandi, L. Turyagyenda","doi":"10.14295/bjs.v3i9.628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i9.628","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus spp. are soil inhabitants, many of which play vital roles as biofertilizers and biopesticides in plant production. These bacteria derive their nourishment from soil organic carbon and nitrogen provided by organic matter. Reports indicate that animal manure increases the population and diversity of Bacillus spp. in the soil.  However, there is limited information on which of the three commonly used animal manure (cattle, goat, and chicken) is more effective in multiplying Bacillus cells. This study evaluated the effectiveness of cattle, goat, and chicken manures, standard nutrient broth, and soil, as growth media, on the multiplication of 22 indigenous soil Bacillus spp. strains previously isolated from the cabbage rhizosphere. A Completely Randomized Design with five treatments replicated three times was used and the conditions were kept at room temperature. Both standard nutrient broth and sterilized soil media were used as controls. Colony-forming unit counts of Bacillus spp. were subjected to Log (x+1) transformation. One-way analysis of variance was used to generate mean differences and means separated using Duncan’s LSD test (p = 0.05). Linear curves were drawn to compare the growth trends for each Bacillus strain. The findings indicate that the growth of Bacillus spp. strains in animal manure were significantly higher than in the soil media. Growth in the soil media was significantly lower than in standard nutrient broth media growth. Results further show that the growth of the Bacillus spp. in all the media followed the normal growth curve of bacterial cells. Results from this study, therefore, suggest that amendment of soil with cattle, goat, and chicken manures enhances the growth and multiplication of soil Bacillus spp. and this has a positive effect on soil fertility. These manures can also be used in the commercial production of the bacillus bacteria as a biofertilizer and biopesticide. Biofertilizers are cheap, have long-term effects on soil fertility, and are health-friendly to the environment and the user.","PeriodicalId":511496,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Science","volume":"45 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141814975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of phyto-additives on proximate composition and lipid profile of eggs stored for 6 weeks","authors":"Adijat Oyeyemi Idowu, O. Ojebiyi, M. Shittu, T. Ojediran, Oluwaseun Ezekiel Abolaji, Yusirat Oladunni Salahudeen","doi":"10.14295/bjs.v3i9.641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i9.641","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine the effect of supplementing layers’ diet with three phyto-additives; Black seeds (BS), African Nutmeg (AN), and Negro pepper (NP) on the chemical composition of stored table eggs. Isa Brown pullets were used and allotted into 7 treatments of 4 replicates with 6 birds each to make a total of 24 birds per treatment in a completely randomized design experiment. The treatments were T1 - control (given antibiotics), T2 - 0.5% BS, NP T3 – 1.0% BS, T4 – 0.5% AN, T5 – 1.0% AN, T6 – 0.5% NP and T7 – 1.0%. Collection of data started eight weeks after the birds were placed on experimental diets; 3 eggs were selected from each replicate to make a total of 12 eggs per treatment. They were stored for 6 weeks before taking to the laboratory for chemical analysis. Eggs from birds given diets supplemented with 0.5% black seed had the highest dry matter (26.79%), crude protein (12.08%), crude fat (11.26%), ash (1.22%) and gross energy (1.47 Kcal/g-1) while eggs of birds on Treatment 3 (0.5% African nutmeg) and Treatment 4 (0.5% Negro pepper) had the highest percentage carbohydrate (3.22 and 3.27%). Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in eggs fed diet supplemented with 0.5% black seed and also gave the best high-density lipoprotein. It can be concluded from this study that supplementing layers diet with these phytoadditives enhanced the proximate composition and reduced the total cholesterol of stored eggs.","PeriodicalId":511496,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision and innovation: Carbon dioxide laser excision of ranula","authors":"Pankaj Goyal, K. Kumawat, Manisha Chouhan, Chandrani Chatterjee, Nirupama Kothari","doi":"10.14295/bjs.v3i9.640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i9.640","url":null,"abstract":"A ranula is a relatively uncommon condition characterized by the formation of a mucus-filled cyst within the floor of the mouth. This benign lesion typically originates from a blocked or damaged sublingual salivary gland duct, accumulating saliva in a localized cyst-like structure. Aspiration of cystic fluid, sclerotherapy, marsupialization, incision and drainage, excision of the ranula alone, excision of the sublingual gland with or without ranula, laser excision, and ranula vaporization are just a few of the suggested therapies for ranula. The outcomes of the varied treatments have been inconsistent. Most surgeons concur that the sublingual gland must be removed from the ranula. The authors provide a case report on carbon dioxide laser treatment for ranula, as well as a literature review. According to the authors' experience and literature, carbon dioxide laser excision of ranula is a safe procedure with minimum recurrence.","PeriodicalId":511496,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Science","volume":"26 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141816849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping solar variability of equatorial sunspots and plasma flows","authors":"B. S. Goshu","doi":"10.14295/bjs.v3i9.638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i9.638","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the variability of equatorial sunspots and plasma flows, focusing on the detailed dynamics of solar activity revealed by sunspot data analysis and magnetic field evolution. The goals were to investigate the relationship between sunspot numbers with differential rotation, meridional circulation, and magnetic induction using observational data and theoretical models. The methods included studying historical sunspot data from 1700 to the present and using time series decomposition to find trends, seasonality, and residuals. The evolution of the solar magnetic field was predicted using the magnetic induction equation, which considers plasma flow and magnetic diffusion effects. The real sunspot data were combined with the simulated magnetic field data to investigate their relationship over time. Contour maps were created to illustrate the spatiotemporal evolution of the magnetic field, and correlation studies were used to quantify the correlations between sunspot numbers and key solar dynamics characteristics. Key studies show that the Sun rotates differentially, with latitudinal zones rotating at differing angular velocities, influencing sunspot generation. A strong connection (0.8192) between the sunspot numbers and meridional velocity demonstrates the influence of large-scale plasma flows on sunspot activity. Despite this, the monthly averaged magnetic field strength and sunspot numbers exhibited a minor correlation (0.004507), showing that solar activity is affected by independent underlying processes or phases. Magnetic field evolution contour maps show differences from 1x1013 to 2x1013 Gauss at different spatial (40 km to 80 km) and temporal scales (from start to the present in months). This evolution is governed by the magnetic induction equation, which includes the effects of plasma flow and magnetic diffusion. The paper also emphasizes the alpha effect's significance in producing poloidal magnetic fields from toroidal fields via turbulent convection, which is essential to the solar dynamo mechanism. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of equatorial sunspots and plasma flows, offering insights into the solar cycle and laying the groundwork for future research in solar and space weather prediction.","PeriodicalId":511496,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Science","volume":"9 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141819528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beef calf production: Consumption and cost-effectiveness – A Mini-Review","authors":"Ingridy Carvalho Dutra, Wêndel Bispo Santos e Santos, Fabiano Ferreira da Silva, Aureliano José Vieira Pires, Geovana de Carvalho Dutra, Nadjane Vieira da Silva, Mateus Pereira Sousa, Hackson Santos da Silva","doi":"10.14295/bjs.v3i9.619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i9.619","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to analyze different forms of supplementation for beef calves, considering the relationship between consumption and cost-benefit, aiming at weaning performance. High concentrate levels may reduce forage consumption, which is undesirable as supplementation should increase the efficiency of forage and milk use. The ideal amount of concentrate is 0.5% of the calves' body mass, without changing feed and milk consumption. The supplement must contain between 8% and 30% protein to avoid metabolic disorders and ensure good performance. Adding 10% salt to the concentrate increases economic viability, even with lower consumption, resulting in greater gains and profitability. Adequate supplementation guarantees greater mass at weaning and better daily gain, as long as nutritional management is balanced and economically viable.","PeriodicalId":511496,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Science","volume":"116 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141821157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Miller) f. Cactaceae as an alternative for ruminant feeding","authors":"Ingridy Carvalho Dutra, Aureliano José Vieira Pires, Brenda Emilly Ferreira dos Santos, Nadjane Vieira da Silva, Luanna Pereira Pio, N. Cruz, Mateus Pereira Sousa, Geovana de Carvalho Dutra","doi":"10.14295/bjs.v3i9.617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i9.617","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this review was to compile information regarding cacti as an alternative to ruminant feeding. Forage cactus adapts well to soils with low nutrient content, as long as the soil is not acidic, in addition to being tolerant to long periods of drought, since their metabolism is based on crassulacean acids (CAM), thus favoring the use of water and providing high dry mass productivity. Studies have been developed to include cactus in the diet of ruminants, in an attempt to improve consumption by avoiding the occurrence of metabolic disorders in animals. In addition, forage cactus contributes to the intake of colloidal water due to its composition of around 90% water. For forage cactus to be used to feed ruminants, it must be associated with some source of neutral detergent fiber, leading to greater chewing and, consequently, longer rumination time, to guarantee the normal functioning of the rumen, demonstrating improvement in water consumption, digestibility, and animal performance.","PeriodicalId":511496,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Science","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141822862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Cordyline fruticosa leaf meal supplemented diet on growth performance, egg production, egg quality, and some heamatological indices of laying hen","authors":"J. Alagbe","doi":"10.14295/bjs.v3i9.635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i9.635","url":null,"abstract":"At Sumitra Research Institute in Gujarat, India, research was carried out to ascertain the impact of Cordyline fruticosa on the growth performance, egg quality, production, and some heamatological indices of laying hens. 500 – 35 weeks Lohmann brown birds with an initial weight of 1717 grams were randomly distributed into five treatments with five replicates (20 hens per replicate). The basal diet was formulated according to the requirements of the birds. Hens in treatment 1 (control group) were fed basal diet only. The other experimental groups were fed the same diet with the addition of C. fruticosa meal at 10, 20, 30, and 40 g respectively in treatments 2, 3, 4, and 5. Birds were given free access to feed and clean water and a completely randomized design was adopted throughout the 90-day experimental period. Results showed that average weight gains and average daily feed intake followed a similar trend, birds fed C. fruticosa meal had higher body weight compared to the control in this order treatment 5 (T5) (1270.0 g), 4 (1263.0 g), 3 (1233.6 g), 2 (1230.0 g) and 1 (983.1 g) (p < 0.05) respectively. The treatment influenced the average daily feed intake, feed conversion, and mortality rate (p < 0.05). Hen day egg production and hen house egg production were higher in T5 (72.98%, 65.90%), T4 (72.72%, 69.85%), T3 (72.88%, 69.83%), intermediate in T2 (60.09%, 51.00%) and lower in T1 (51.19%, 41.85%). Eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, yolk index, and haugh unit were significantly (p < 0.05) different among the treatments. Pack cell volume, haemoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell, heterophil, and lymphocyte count were influenced by the treatment. However, values fall within the established range for healthy laying hen. It was concluded that Cordyline fruticosa meal can be fed to laying hens up to 40 g kg-1 diet without having any negative effect on their performance and health status.","PeriodicalId":511496,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Science","volume":" 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141826089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gis-base derivation of land surface temperatures from 2000 to 2022 in Abakaliki LGA, Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"F. E. Onuegbu","doi":"10.14295/bjs.v3i9.632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i9.632","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating rise in Land Surface Temperatures poses severe climate risks globally. However, quantifying local warming patterns and associated vulnerabilities remains crucial, particularly in data-scarce regions like sub-Saharan Africa. This study harnesses the power of multi-temporal Landsat thermal imagery, calibrated with gridded meteorological reanalysis, to characterize the shifts in the thermal landscape of Abakaliki, Local Government Area of Ebonyi State, Nigeria, over a two-decade period from 2000 to 2022. The retrieved Land Surface Temperatures were classified into five distinct regimes and compared using zonal statistics, further regressed against climatic drivers. The results unveil a significant surface warming trend, with average temperatures soaring by 15°C and minimum temperatures rising over 16 °C. Notably, the spatial heterogeneity of these impacts is mediated by surface properties, while the compression of inter-annual variability signifies a diminishing thermal resilience. Preliminary regression analysis attributes the primary causality to anthropogenic forcing, exacerbating regional climate shifts, with a robust coefficient of determination (R² = 0.86) and a statistically significant p-value (p < 0.05). Alarmingly, the amplified nocturnal temperatures now persistently exceed hazardous thresholds of 30 °C, posing mounting risks to human health, agriculture, and ecosystems, necessitating adaptive interventions. Furthermore, this observational approach underscores the indispensable role of integrated Earth observations and statistical modeling in characterizing local climate change impacts, mechanisms, and feedback, particularly in areas where in-situ monitoring networks are sparse. Ultimately, the study provides policy-relevant insights into the transformed thermal conditions that resilience strategies must now address to safeguard livelihoods under the rapid climate shifts unfolding across southeastern Nigeria and comparable environments.","PeriodicalId":511496,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Science","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141834302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative yield of maggots and nutrient composition of maggot meal produced from three different substrates","authors":"Ojebiyi Olusegun Ojeniyi, Idowu Adijat Oyeyemi, Onyia Samuel Uche, Oluyemi Elizabeth Oluseyi, Oyetunde Sodiq Olajide, Leshaodo Atinuke Mary","doi":"10.14295/bjs.v3i9.633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/bjs.v3i9.633","url":null,"abstract":"As part of the effort in developing alternative protein ingredient to reduce the costs of feed associated with livestock production, maggotries were constructed to compare the yield and chemical composition of maggot meal produced from three substrates – poultry dropping, pig, and cattle dung. 150 kg each of poultry droppings, pig, and cattle dung were assigned into three treatments and further divided into 3 replicates of 50 kg each. Three liters of fresh cattle blood (attractant) was added per replicate without stirring. The housefly (Musca domestica) shed its eggs on the blood in the course of feeding which later developed into maggot. The collection of data started 5 days after the emergence of maggots on the substrates. 4.91 kg of maggot was obtained from poultry dropping, 3.53 kg from pig dung, and 0.95 kg from cattle dung. The chemical composition showed that maggot meal produced from poultry dropping substrate is higher in crude protein and crude fat (42.53% and 7.38%) than that of pig dung (40.78% and 6.08%) and cattle dung (41.69% and 6.29%) respectively. The amino acids composition of maggot meal produced from poultry dropping (lysine 0.89%, methionine 0.67%, and tryptophan 0.74%) were also comparably higher than that from pig dung (lysine 0.57%, methionine 0.38% and tryptophan 0.51%) and cattle dung (lysine 0.76%, methionine 0.51 kg and tryptophan 0.68%). However, the microbial load and mineral composition were observed to be higher in maggot meal produced from pig dung than those obtained from poultry dropping and cattle dung. Poultry dropping is of higher yield in maggot meal production, crude protein, crude fat, amino acid composition, and lower microbial load than pig and cattle dung. Although the maggot meals obtained from the three substrates can be used as an alternative protein source, poultry dropping has a higher yield and nutrient profile.","PeriodicalId":511496,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Science","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141835111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}