Journal of Systems and Software最新文献_第6页

SPL-DB-Sync: Seamless database transformation during feature-driven changes

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112285

Delfina Ramos-Vidal , Wesley K.G. Assunção , Alejandro Cortiñas , Miguel R. Luaces , Oscar Pedreira , Ángeles Saavedra Places

{"title":"SPL-DB-Sync: Seamless database transformation during feature-driven changes","authors":"Delfina Ramos-Vidal , Wesley K.G. Assunção , Alejandro Cortiñas , Miguel R. Luaces , Oscar Pedreira , Ángeles Saavedra Places","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Software Product Line (SPL) Engineering is a reuse-oriented approach to developing a suite of software products that share common components but vary in specific features. The advantages of SPLs (e.g., reducing development costs and time while improving quality) have already been proven in practice. However, despite the success in deriving new products from an SPL, challenges arise in evolving existing products. Altering the feature selection (e.g., adding or removing a feature) for an already existing product poses a challenge regarding the application data stored and managed by derived products, particularly when the features impact an already populated database. In many cases, these modifications imply loss of data or constraint violations. However, in both the state of the art and practice, there are no approaches to support feature and data evolution simultaneously for SPL products.</div><div>This paper reports a novel evolution approach, SPL-DB-Sync, with actions required for database adjustments when adding or removing features for existing SPL products. Actions delineate modifications necessary within the database. These modifications are associated with the SPL features and linked to the components of the data model they influence. SPL-DB-Sync facilitates the automatic readjustment of the database while preserving clear traceability between features and elements of the data model. The applicability of our evolution model is detailed in four practical scenarios of in-production products of an SPL for Digital Libraries. The contributions of this work are: present a novel evolution approach for SPLs with databases; define an SPL Evolution Model considering data transformation/migration; advance the state of practice between software reuse and data management; and provide insights for practitioners that face the same challenges of evolving both business logic and its data in software products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 112285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact on energy consumption of design patterns, code smells and refactoring techniques: A systematic mapping study

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112303

Olivia Poy, Ma Ángeles Moraga, Félix García, Coral Calero

{"title":"Impact on energy consumption of design patterns, code smells and refactoring techniques: A systematic mapping study","authors":"Olivia Poy, Ma Ángeles Moraga, Félix García, Coral Calero","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Software energy efficiency is an increasingly relevant aspect that should be taken into account during software development and some of the most common design and coding decisions include the use of design patterns, the removal of code smells and the use of refactoring techniques. Therefore, the aim of this systematic mapping study is to provide an overview on the impact that design patterns, code smells, and refactoring techniques have on the energy consumption of software. This may assist practitioners in developing energy-efficient software as well as the research community in undertaking further research on the topic. The results of the primary studies showed that design patterns, code smells and refactoring techniques impact software energy consumption. However, not all of them have a clear positive or negative effect, which requires further study. Overall, the use of design patterns seems to have a negative impact on energy consumption, the removal of code smells tends to have a more positive impact. We found no conclusive result on the relationship between using refactoring techniques and energy consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 112303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution of code technical debt in microservices architectures

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112301

Kevin Maggi, Roberto Verdecchia, Leonardo Scommegna, Enrico Vicario

{"title":"Evolution of code technical debt in microservices architectures","authors":"Kevin Maggi, Roberto Verdecchia, Leonardo Scommegna, Enrico Vicario","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context:</h3><div>Microservices are gaining significant traction in academic research and industry due to their advantages, and technical debt has long been a heavily researched metric in software quality context. However, to date, no study has attempted to understand how code technical debt evolves in such architectures.</div></div><div><h3>Aim:</h3><div>This research aims to understand how technical debt evolves over time in microservice architectures by investigating its trends, patterns, and potential relations with microservices number.</div></div><div><h3>Method:</h3><div>We analyze the technical debt evolution of 13 open-source projects. We collect data from systems through automated source code analysis, statistically analyze results to identify technical debt trends and correlations with microservices number, and conduct a subsequent manual commit inspection.</div></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><div>Technical debt increases over time, with periods of stability. The growth is related to microservices number, but its rate is not. The analysis revealed trend differences during initial development phases and later stages. Different activities can introduce technical debt, while its removal relies mainly on refactoring.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions:</h3><div>Microservices independence is fundamental to maintain the technical debt under control, keeping it compartmentalized. The findings underscore the importance of technical debt management strategies to support the long-term success of microservices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 112301"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel method to early agile effort estimation through functional initiatives 通过功能倡议进行早期敏捷努力估算的新方法

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112302

Wilson Rosa, Sara Jardine

{"title":"A novel method to early agile effort estimation through functional initiatives","authors":"Wilson Rosa, Sara Jardine","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Decision makers struggle to develop rough order of magnitude cost estimates early in an agile software project's lifecycle, when lack of detailed functional user requirements limits Functional Size Measurement.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study introduces a new method based on counting initiatives to measure the functional size (Functional Initiative Count (FIC) and Functional Initiative Points (FIP) of agile software projects during their early phases and examines its effectiveness as a predictor of agile software development effort. FIC and FIP are derived from an agile project's high-level initiatives converted into similar size units based on their active verbs. Initiatives, also referred to as <em>capabilities</em> in the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Department of Defense (DoD), identifies the means to accomplish a mission, function, or objective. Initiatives are typically documented early in a project's product vision document, product roadmap document, or concept of operations (in the DHS and DoD).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The analysis used historical actual data from 21 agile projects implemented between 2014 and 2022 in the DHS and DoD.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>FIC revealed to be a reliable predictor of total software development effort, while FIP revealed to be an even better predictor of total software development effort.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Using FIP is a viable solution to use as a functional size measure for early phase agile software development effort estimation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 112302"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143183249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RPerf: Mining user reviews using topic modeling to assist performance testing: An industrial experience report RPerf：使用主题建模挖掘用户评论以辅助性能测试：一份行业经验报告

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112283

Zehao Wang , Wei Liu , Jinfu Chen , Tse-Hsun (Peter) Chen

{"title":"RPerf: Mining user reviews using topic modeling to assist performance testing: An industrial experience report","authors":"Zehao Wang , Wei Liu , Jinfu Chen , Tse-Hsun (Peter) Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Software performance affects the user-perceived quality of software. Therefore, it is important to analyze the performance issues that users are concerned with. In this paper, we document our experience working with our industry partner on analyzing user reviews to identify and analyze performance issues users are concerned with. In particular, we designed an approach, RPerf, which automatically analyzes unstructured user reviews and generates a performance analysis report that can assist performance engineers with performance testing. In particular, RPerf uses BERTopic to uncover performance-related topics in user reviews. RPerf then maps the derived topics to performance KPIs (key performance indicators) such as response time. Such performance KPIs better help performance test design and allocate performance testing resources. Finally, RPerf extracts user usage scenarios from user reviews to help identify the causes. Through a manual evaluation, we find RPerf achieves a high accuracy (over 93%) in identifying the performance-related topics and performance KPIs from user reviews. RPerf can also accurately extract usage scenarios in over 80% of user reviews. We discuss the performance analysis report that is generated based on RPerf. We believe that our findings can assist practitioners with analyzing performance-related user reviews and inspire future research on user review analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 112283"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A bot identification model and tool based on GitHub activity sequences 基于GitHub活动序列的机器人识别模型和工具

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112287

Natarajan Chidambaram, Alexandre Decan , Tom Mens

引用次数: 0

Adoption of low-code and no-code development: A systematic literature review and future research agenda

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112300

Matthew Oladeji Ajimati, Noel Carroll, Mary Maher

{"title":"Adoption of low-code and no-code development: A systematic literature review and future research agenda","authors":"Matthew Oladeji Ajimati, Noel Carroll, Mary Maher","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><div>Low-code/no-code (LCNC) is an emerging technology trend that extends software development beyond professionalsoftware engineers, making it accessible to individuals throughout organizations and society.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We aim to provide a systematic review of the current research on the adoption of LCNC technologies within citizen development (CD) practices for digital transformation (DT), and to propose a research agenda for this field.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>This review is primarily conducted using a multi-phase systematic literature review of publications from the past five years, i.e., between 2017 and 2023.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We identified 40 primary studies that describes the application of LCNC development and CD practices, the theoretical lenses/frameworks used, and the associated benefits and challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In this study, we present three key contributions. First, we provide a comprehensive review of the benefits, challenges, theoretical perspectives, and methods used to explore LCNC and CD adoption. Second, we introduce a framework designed to guide managers in effectively adopting LCNC and CD practices. Finally, our systematic review uncovers gaps in existing research and identifies opportunities for further exploration, which paves the way for a future research agenda.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 112300"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143171467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developer perceptions of modern code review processes in practice: Insights from a case study in a mid-sized company

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112288

Eduardo Witter dos Santos , Ingrid Nunes , Dietmar Jannach

{"title":"Developer perceptions of modern code review processes in practice: Insights from a case study in a mid-sized company","authors":"Eduardo Witter dos Santos , Ingrid Nunes , Dietmar Jannach","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context:</h3><div>Modern code review (MCR) is a practice in which code reviews are performed in a tool-supported, asynchronous and lightweight way. Previous studies show that MCR can lead to improved internal and external outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective:</h3><div>Differently from many previous works, our aim is to provide insights regarding MCR practices from a <em>developer-centric perspective in a mid-sized organization</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Method:</h3><div>We surveyed developers of a mid-sized Brazilian software company, using a survey instrument that both included validated items from the literature and novel items specific to our survey goals. We collected N = 73 responses in an initial survey phase and N = 29 responses in a follow-up phase.</div></div><div><h3>Results:</h3><div>Our results provide insights in various dimensions regarding the opinion of developers on how an MCR process should be configured to be effective in an organization. In terms of managerial implications, our survey sheds light on the extrinsic and intrinsic motivations of developers to engage in MCR activities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions:</h3><div>The success of MCR depends both on having an appropriately configured process as well as the on support of managers in terms of making MCR benefits visible to stakeholders and appreciating review efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 112288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Harnessing heap analysis for the synthesis of superoptimized bytecode 利用堆分析合成超优化字节码

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112284

Elvira Albert , Jesús Correas , Pablo Gordillo , Guillermo Román-Díez , Albert Rubio

{"title":"Harnessing heap analysis for the synthesis of superoptimized bytecode","authors":"Elvira Albert , Jesús Correas , Pablo Gordillo , Guillermo Román-Díez , Albert Rubio","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superoptimization is a type of program synthesis technique that, given an original loop-free sequence of instructions, synthesizes an alternative semantically-equivalent sequence that is optimal wrt the considered objective function. Working on loop-free sequences restricts the kind of achievable optimizations to the <em>local</em> scope of the considered sequences. This article harnesses a <em>global</em> heap analysis for the synthesis of superoptimized loop-free sequences of bytecode. The global heap analysis will allow us to infer useless write heap accesses, aliasing and non-aliasing properties, and calling-contexts for the sequences. Exploiting this information on an existing superoptimizer for Ethereum bytecode has required novel extensions: (1) developing a finer-grained heap analysis able to infer heap properties that can boost superoptimization, (2) adapting several components of the superoptimizer to leverage the heap properties, and (3) extending the superoptimization algorithm to work in a context-sensitive way. Our experimental results on more than 200,000 sequences show that harnessing heap analysis for superoptimization not only improves the quality of the optimization but it can even reduce the optimization time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 112284"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142748328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

OSCAR-P and aMLLibrary: Profiling and predicting the performance of FaaS-based applications in computing continua OSCAR-P 和 aMLLibrary：剖析和预测计算连续性中基于 FaaS 的应用程序的性能

IF 3.7 2区计算机科学

Journal of Systems and Software Pub Date : 2024-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.112282

Roberto Sala , Bruno Guindani , Enrico Galimberti , Federica Filippini , Hamta Sedghani , Danilo Ardagna , Sebastián Risco , Germán Moltó , Miguel Caballer

{"title":"OSCAR-P and aMLLibrary: Profiling and predicting the performance of FaaS-based applications in computing continua","authors":"Roberto Sala , Bruno Guindani , Enrico Galimberti , Federica Filippini , Hamta Sedghani , Danilo Ardagna , Sebastián Risco , Germán Moltó , Miguel Caballer","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112282","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jss.2024.112282","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an automated framework for efficient application profiling and training of Machine Learning (ML) performance models, composed of two parts: OSCAR-P and aMLLibrary. OSCAR-P is an auto-profiling tool designed to automatically test serverless application workflows running on multiple hardware and node combinations in cloud and edge environments. OSCAR-P obtains relevant profiling information on the execution time of the individual application components. These data are later used by aMLLibrary to train ML-based performance models. This makes it possible to predict the performance of applications on unseen configurations. We test our framework on clusters with different architectures (x86 and arm64) and workloads, considering multi-component use-case applications. This extensive experimental campaign proves the efficiency of OSCAR-P and aMLLibrary, significantly reducing the time needed for the application profiling, data collection, and data processing. The preliminary results obtained on the ML performance models accuracy show a Mean Absolute Percentage Error lower than 30% in all the considered scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51099,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Systems and Software","volume":"221 ","pages":"Article 112282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0