Journal of Medical Screening最新文献

{"title":"Including the method of detection for breast cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database is long overdue.","authors":"Daniel B Kopans, Richard E Sharpe, Peter R Eby","doi":"10.1177/09691413231197131","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09691413231197131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Debates about breast cancer screening have continued in part because the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, which began in 1974, has never included the method of detection so that it has been impossible to determine the role that early detection has played in the major decline in deaths from breast cancer that we have seen in the US since 1990. Method of detection should be added to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database as soon as possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":51089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Screening","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10062439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial effect of repeated participation in breast cancer screening upon survival.","authors":"Stephen W Duffy, Amy Ming-Fang Yen, Laszlo Tabar, Abbie Ting-Yu Lin, Sam Li-Sheng Chen, Chen-Yang Hsu, Peter B Dean, Robert A Smith, Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen","doi":"10.1177/09691413231186686","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09691413231186686","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The benefit of mammography screening in reducing population mortality from breast cancer is well established. In this paper, we estimate the effect of repeated participation at scheduled screens on case survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed incidence and survival data on 37,079 women from nine Swedish counties who had at least one to five invitation(s) to screening prior to diagnosis, and were diagnosed with breast cancer between 1992 and 2016. Of these, 4564 subsequently died of breast cancer. We estimated the association of survival with participation in up to the most recent five screens before diagnosis. We used proportional hazards regression to estimate the effect on survival of the number of scheduled screens in which subjects participated prior to the diagnosis of breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was successively better survival with an increasing number of screens in which the subject participated. For a woman with five previous screening invitations who participated in all five, the hazard ratio was 0.28 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-0.33, <i>p</i> < 0.0001) compared to a woman attending none (86.9% vs 68.9% 20-year survival). Following a conservative adjustment for potential self-selection factors, the hazard ratio was 0.34 (95% CI 0.26-0.43, <i>p</i> < 0.0001), an approximate three-fold reduction in the hazard of dying from breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For those women who develop breast cancer, regular prior participation in mammography screening confers significantly better survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":51089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Screening","volume":" ","pages":"3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10878004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9763779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interval cancer after two rounds of a Swedish population-based screening program using gender-specific cut-off levels in fecal immunochemical test.","authors":"Hanna Ribbing Wilén, Johannes Blom","doi":"10.1177/09691413231185722","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09691413231185722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate interval cancer (IC) after two screening rounds of the Swedish population-based screening program of Stockholm-Gotland applying gender-specific cut-off levels in the fecal immunochemical test (FIT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All 60- to 69-year-olds invited to screening 2015-2019 were included. The cut-off level for a positive test was 40 µg/g in women and 80 µg/g in men. Screening-detected colorectal cancers (SD CRCs) and ICs were verified in the Swedish Colorectal Cancer Register, and the follow-up time was two years from invitation. The test sensitivity, the IC rate (ICs per 10,000 screening negatives) and the IC incidence (ICs per 100,000 person-years) relative to the background CRC incidence were assessed by gender and age. The FIT levels were compared in men and women for CRCs diagnosed within one year of the sample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the second screening round, 229,187 were invited, and SD CRCs and ICs were diagnosed in 193 and 144, respectively. The IC rate was 8.9 (7.4-10.3) and test sensitivity 0.61 (0.55-0.66), and was similar in men and women. For two screening rounds, the IC rate was significantly higher in men than in women, but the IC incidence/ background CRC incidence was similar in both genders. The FIT levels in female participants with CRC were significantly lower overall, and in early-staged CRCs as compared to men, and proximal localization was more common in women. In multivariable analysis, FIT levels were significantly lower in proximal CRCs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over two rounds, the IC incidence relative to the background CRC incidence was similar in men and women supporting a gender-specific screening strategy. The results could be explained by lower FIT levels in women due to proximal CRC localization.</p>","PeriodicalId":51089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Screening","volume":" ","pages":"8-14"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10878001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9778349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation in the national cervical screening programme among women from New South Wales, Australia, by place of birth and time since immigration: A data linkage analysis using the 45 and up study.","authors":"Susan Yuill, Sam Egger, Megan A Smith, Louiza Velentzis, Marion Saville, Erich V Kliewer, Deborah Bateson, Karen Canfell","doi":"10.1177/09691413231184334","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09691413231184334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Equitable elimination of cervical cancer in Australia within the next decade will require high National Cervical Screening Program (NCSP) participation by all subgroups of women. The aim of this study was to examine the participation of immigrants compared to Australian-born women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participation in the NCSP (≥1cytology test) over a 3-year (2010-2012) and 5-year (2008-2012) period, by place of birth and time since immigration was examined using individually linked data of 67,350 New South Wales (NSW) women aged ≥45 enrolled in the 45 and Up Study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three-year cervical screening participation was 77.0% overall. Compared to Australian-born women (77.8%), 3-year participation was lower for women born in New Zealand (adjusted odds ratio 0.77, 95% confidence interval 0.69-0.87), Oceania (0.67, 0.51-0.89), Middle East/North Africa (0.76, 0.60-0.97), South-East Asia (0.72, 0.60-0.87), Chinese Asia (0.82, 0.69-0.97), Japan/South Korea (0.68, 0.50-0.94), and Southern/Central Asia (0.54, 0.43-0.67), but higher for women from Malta (2.85, 1.77-4.58) and South America (1.33, 1.01-1.75). Non-English-speaking-at-home women were less likely to be screened than English-speaking-at-home women (0.85, 0.78-0.93). Participation increased with years lived in Australia but remained lower in immigrant groups compared to Australian-born women, even after ≥20 years living in Australia. Similar results were observed for 5-year participation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Women born in New Zealand, Oceania, and parts of Asia and the Middle East had lower NCSP participation, which persisted for ≥20 years post-immigration. The NCSP transition to primary HPV screening, and the introduction of the universal self-collection option in 2022, will offer new opportunities for increasing screening participation for these groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":51089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Screening","volume":" ","pages":"35-45"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10190065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interval cancers in a national colorectal screening programme based on faecal immunochemical testing: Implications for faecal haemoglobin concentration threshold and sex inequality.","authors":"Gavin Rc Clark, Thomas Godfrey, Calum Purdie, Judith Strachan, Francis A Carey, Callum G Fraser, Robert Jc Steele","doi":"10.1177/09691413231188252","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09691413231188252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare interval cancer proportions (ICP) in the faecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based Scottish Bowel Screening Programme (SBoSP) with the former guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT)-based SBoSP and investigate associations between interval cancer (IC) and faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb) threshold, sex, age, deprivation, site, and stage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The ICP data from first year of the FIT-based SBoSP and the penultimate year of the gFOBT-based SBoSP were compared in a prospective cohort design.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With FIT, 801 colorectal cancers (CRCs) were screen detected (SDC), 802 were in non-participants, 548 were ICs, 39 were colonoscopy missed and 72 were diagnosed after incomplete screening; with gFOBT: 540, 904, 556, 45, and 13, respectively. FIT had a significantly higher proportion of SDC compared to IC than gFOBT. For FIT and gFOBT, ICP was significantly higher in women than men. As f-Hb threshold increased, ICP increased and, for any f-Hb threshold for men, a lower threshold was required for comparable ICP in women. In Scotland, the current threshold of ≥80 µg Hb/g faeces would have to be lowered to ≥40 µg Hb/g faeces for women to achieve sex equality for ICP. In the FIT-based SBoSP, there were four times as many stage I SDC than IC. This was reversed in advanced stages, with twice as many stage IV CRC diagnosed as IC versus SDC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reducing the numbers of IC requires lowering the f-Hb threshold. Using different f-Hb thresholds for women and men could eliminate the sex disparity, but with additional colonoscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":51089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Screening","volume":" ","pages":"21-27"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10878005/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10087765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The recalibration and redevelopment of a model to calculate patients' probability of completing a colonoscopy following an abnormal fecal test.","authors":"Amanda F Petrik, Eric S Johnson, Matthew Slaughter, Michael C Leo, Jamie Thompson, Rajasekhara R Mummadi, Ricardo Jimenez, Syed Akmal Hussain, Gloria Coronado","doi":"10.1177/09691413231195568","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09691413231195568","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) is an effective screening tool for colorectal cancer. If an FIT is abnormal, a follow-up colonoscopy is necessary to remove polyps or find cancers. We sought to develop a usable risk prediction model to identify patients unlikely to complete a colonoscopy following an abnormal FIT test.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recalibrated and then redeveloped a prediction model in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), using a retrospective cohort of patients aged 50-75 with an abnormal FIT test and clinical data. Logistic and Cox regressions were used to recalibrate and then redevelop the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The initial risk model used data from eight FQHCs (26 clinics) including 1723 patients. When we applied the model to a single large FQHC (34 clinics, 884 eligible patients), the model did not recalibrate successfully (c-statistic dropped more than 0.05, from 0.66 to 0.61). The model was redeveloped in the same FQHC in a cohort of 1401 patients with a c-statistic of 0.65.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The original model developed in a group of FQHCs did not adequately recalibrate in the single large FQHC. Health system, patient characteristics or data differences may have led to the inability to recalibrate the model. However, the redeveloped model provides an adequate model for the single FQHC.</p>","PeriodicalId":51089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Screening","volume":" ","pages":"28-34"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10909915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10137315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising recruitment to a lung cancer screening trial: A comparison of general practitioner and community-based recruitment.","authors":"Hannah Scobie, Kathryn A Robb, Sara Macdonald, Stephen Harrow, Frank Sullivan","doi":"10.1177/09691413231190785","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09691413231190785","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Pre-trial focus groups of the Early detection of Cancer of the Lung Scotland (ECLS) trial indicated that those at high risk of lung cancer are more likely to engage with community-based recruitment methods. The current study aimed to understand if general practitioner (GP) and community-based recruitment might attract different groups of people, and to quantitatively explore the demographic and psychosocial differences between people responding to GP or community-based recruitment.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Secondary data analysis of ECLS trial baseline data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults (n = 11,164) aged 50 to 75 years completed a baseline questionnaire as part of their participation in the ECLS trial. The questionnaire assessed smoking behaviour, health state, health anxiety and illness perception. Alongside demographic characteristics, how participants were made aware of the study/participant recruitment method (GP recruitment/community recruitment) was also obtained via trial records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The likelihood of being recruited via community-based methods increased as deprivation level decreased. Those recruited via the community had higher levels of perceived personal control of developing lung cancer and were more likely to understand their own risk of developing lung cancer, compared to those who were recruited to the trial via their GP. Health state and health anxiety did not predict recruitment methods in multivariable analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Community and opportunistic screening invitations were associated with uptake in people from less-deprived backgrounds, and therefore might not be the optimal method to reach those at high risk of lung cancer and living in more deprived areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":51089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Screening","volume":" ","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10878003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9908320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thank you to reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/09691413241234013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09691413241234013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":51089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Screening","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139955637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell-free DNA-based prenatal screening via rolling circle amplification: Identifying and resolving analytic issues.","authors":"Glenn E Palomaki, Geralyn M Lambert-Messerlian, Donna Fullerton, Madhuri Hegde, Stéphanie Conotte, Matthew L Saidel, Jacques C Jani","doi":"10.1177/09691413231173315","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09691413231173315","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A rolling circle amplification (RCA) based commercial methodology using cell-free (cf)DNA to screen for common trisomies became available in 2018. Relevant publications documented high detection but with a higher than expected 1% false positive rate. Preliminary evidence suggested assay variability was an issue. A multi-center collaboration was created to explore this further and examine whether subsequent manufacturer changes were effective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three academic (four devices) and two commercial (two devices) laboratories provided run date, chromosome 21, 18, and 13 run-specific standard deviations, number of samples run, and reagent lot identifications. Temporal trends and between-site/device consistency were explored. Proportions of run standard deviations exceeding pre-specified caps of 0.4%, 0.4% and 0.6% were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 661 RCA runs between April 2019 and July 30, 2022 tested 39,756 samples. In the first 24, subsequent 9, and final 7 months, proportions of capped chromosome 21 runs dropped from 39% to 22% to 6.0%; for chromosome 18, rates were 76%, 36%, and 4.0%. Few chromosome 13 runs were capped using the original 0.60%, but capping at 0.50%, rates were 28%, 16%, and 7.6%. Final rates occurred after reformulated reagents and imaging software modifications were fully implemented across all devices. Revised detection and false positive rates are estimated at 98.4% and 0.3%, respectively. After repeat testing, failure rates may be as low as 0.3%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current RCA-based screening performance estimates are equivalent to those reported for other methods, but with a lower test failure rate after repeat testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":51089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Screening","volume":" ","pages":"168-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10629251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9476962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential impact of test performance characteristics on burden-to-benefit tradeoffs for blood-based colorectal cancer screening: A microsimulation analysis.","authors":"Andrew Piscitello, Lauren N Carroll, Signe Fransen, Ben Wilson, Tarun Chandra, Reinier Meester, Girish Putcha","doi":"10.1177/09691413231175056","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09691413231175056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To inform the development and evaluation of new blood-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests satisfying minimum United States (US) coverage criteria, we estimated the impact of the different test performance characteristics on long-term testing benefits and burdens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel CRC-Microsimulation of Adenoma Progression and Screening (CRC-MAPS) model was developed, validated, then used to assess different screening tests for CRC. We compared multiple, hypothetical blood-based CRC screening tests satisfying minimum coverage criteria of 74% CRC sensitivity and 90% specificity, to measure how changes in a test's CRC sensitivity, specificity, and adenoma sensitivity (sizes 1-5 mm, 6-9 mm, ≥10 mm) affect total number of colonoscopies (COL), CRC incidence reduction (IR), CRC mortality reduction (MR), and burden-to-benefit ratios (incremental COLs per percentage-point increase in IR or MR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A blood test meeting minimum US coverage criteria for performance characteristics resulted in 1576 lifetime COLs per 1000 individuals, 46.7% IR and 59.2% MR compared to no screening. Tests with increased CRC sensitivity of 99% ( + 25%) vs. increased ≥10 mm adenoma sensitivity of 13.6% ( + 3.6%) both yielded the same MR, 62.7%. Test benefits improved the most with increases in all-size adenoma sensitivity, then size-specific adenoma sensitivities, then specificity and CRC sensitivity, while increases in specificity or ≥10 mm adenoma sensitivity resulted in the most favorable burden-to-benefit tradeoffs (ratios <11.5).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Burden-to-benefit ratios for blood-based CRC screening tests differ by performance characteristic, with the most favorable tradeoffs resulting from improvements in specificity and ≥10 mm adenoma sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51089,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Screening","volume":" ","pages":"175-183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9636791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}