ASME journal of heat and mass transfer最新文献

{"title":"Genetic Algorithm as the Solution of Non-Linear Inverse Heat Conduction Problems: a Novel Sequential Approach","authors":"Dominic Allard, Hamidreza Najafi","doi":"10.1115/1.4065452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065452","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Direct measurement of surface heat flux could be extremely challenging, or impossible, in numerous applications. In such cases, the use of temperature measurement data from sub-surface locations can facilitate the determination of surface heat flux and temperature through the solution of the inverse heat conduction problem (IHCP). Different techniques have been developed for solving IHCPs. Inspired by the filter coefficient approach, a novel method is presented in this paper for solving one-dimensional IHCPs in a domain with temperature-dependent material properties. A test case is developed in COMSOL Multiphysics where the front side of a slab is subject to known transient heat flux and the temperature distributions within the domain are calculated. The IHCP solution in the form of filter coefficients is defined and a genetic algorithm is used for the calculation of filter matrix. The number of significant filter coefficients required to evaluate surface heat flux at each time step is determined through trial and error and the optimal number is selected for evaluating the solution. The structure of the filter matrix is assessed and discussed. The resulting filter coefficients are used to evaluate the surface heat flux for several cases and the performance of the proposed approach is assessed in detail. The results showed that the presented approach is robust and can result in finding optimal filter coefficients to accurately estimate various types of surface heat flux profiles using temperature data from a limited number of time steps and in a near real-time fashion.","PeriodicalId":510895,"journal":{"name":"ASME journal of heat and mass transfer","volume":"53 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141009920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Multiple Contact Conductances in a Silicon-Indium-Silicon Stack","authors":"K. Woodbury, Grant Cutler, Hamidreza Najafi, Maya Kota","doi":"10.1115/1.4065448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065448","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This report documents evaluation of simultaneous estimation of multiple interfacial heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) using transient measurements from an experiment designed for steady-state operation. The design of a mirror system for directing x-rays under cryogenic conditions requires knowledge of the interfacial HTC (contact conductance) between silicon and indium. An experimental apparatus was constructed to measure temperatures in a stack of five 7.62 mm thick pucks of silicon separated by 0.1 mm thick sheets of indium which is operated under cryogenic temperatures in vacuum. Multiple pucks and interfaces are incorporated into the apparatus to allow evaluation of HTCs for surfaces of different roughness from a single experiment. Analysis of the sensitivity of each of the measured temperatures to each of the unknown HTCs reveals lack of linear independence of these sensitivities and suggests the recovery of the HTCs will be challenging. Artificially noised “data” were created from two different computational models by solving for temperatures and adding random Gaussian noise with a specified standard deviation. These data are subsequently analyzed using two different iterative parameter estimation methods: a Levenberg scheme and a Tikhonov iterative scheme. The required sensitivity matrix is computed using forward finite difference approximations. The results for the heat transfer coefficients for this model problem suggest that coefficients cannot be estimated independently, but the ratios relative to one of the unknowns can be recovered.","PeriodicalId":510895,"journal":{"name":"ASME journal of heat and mass transfer","volume":"5 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141008558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryogenic Air Supply Feasibility for a Confined Space: Underground Refuge Alternative Case Study.","authors":"Lincan Yan, Dave S Yantek, Cory R DeGennaro, Justin R Srednicki, Brandin Lambie, Jacob Carr","doi":"10.1115/1.4064062","DOIUrl":"10.1115/1.4064062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A breathable air source is required for a confined space such as an underground refuge alternative (RA) when it is occupied. To minimize the risk of suffocation, federal regulations require that mechanisms be provided and procedures be included so that, within the refuge alternative, the oxygen concentration is maintained at levels between 18.5% and 23% for 96 h. The regulation also requires that, during use of the RA, the concentration of carbon dioxide should not exceed 1%, and the concentration of carbon monoxide should not exceed 25 ppm. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) evaluated the cryogenic air supply's ability to provide breathable air for a refuge alternative. A propane smoker was used to simulate human breathing by burning propane gas which will consume O₂ and generate CO₂ and H₂O. The rate of propane burned at the smoker was controlled to represent the O₂ consumption rate for the breathing of a certain number of people. Two 96-h tests were conducted in a sealed shipping container, which was used as a surrogate for a refuge alternative. While burning propane gas to simulate human oxygen consumption, cryogenic air was provided to the shipping container to determine if the cryogenic air supply would keep the O₂ level above 18.5% and CO₂ level below 1% inside the shipping container as required by the federal regulations pertaining to refuge alternatives. Both of the 96-h tests simulated the breathing of 21 persons. The first test used the oxygen consumption rate (1.32 cu ft of pure oxygen per hour per person) specified in federal regulations, while the second test used the oxygen consumption rate specified by (Bernard et al. 2018, \"Estimation of Metabolic Heat Input for Refuge Alternative Thermal Testing and Simulation,\" Min. Eng., <b>70</b>(8), pp. 50-54) (0.67 cu ft of pure oxygen per hour per person). The test data shows that during both 96-h tests, the oxygen level was maintained within a 21-23% range, and the CO₂ level was maintained below 1% (0.2-0.45%). The information in this paper could be useful when applying a cryogenic air supply as a breathable air source for an underground refuge alternative or other confined space. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4064062].</p>","PeriodicalId":510895,"journal":{"name":"ASME journal of heat and mass transfer","volume":"146 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10755670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139072466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buoyancy and Velocity Field Synergy Principle in Convective Heat Transfer and its Role in Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Improvement","authors":"Dong Yang, Xinyue Hu, Feilong Chen, Yingli Liu","doi":"10.1115/1.4064734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064734","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study proposes the buoyancy and velocity field synergy principle and aims to enhance thermo-hydraulic performance in convective heat transfer. A mechanical energy conservation equation concerning synergy between buoyancy and velocity was derived, which describes the mechanical energy transport and dissipation in convective heat transfer. Two new field synergy numbers, Fsu,g and Fsu,p, were proposed to characterize the degree of synergy between velocity and buoyancy, and the degree of synergy between velocity and pressure gradient over the fluid domain, respectively. The pressure drop of a channel subjected to convective heat transfer is related to not only Gr/Re2 but also Fsu,g. Under a same Gr/Re2, a larger | Fsu,g | leads to a smaller | Fsu,p |, and thus the pressure drop is decreased. Furthermore, the multi-field synergetic relationships among buoyancy, velocity, temperature gradient and pressure gradient were analyzed for convective heat transfer in channels. The correlation between Fsu,p and Fsu,g *Gr/Re2, and the correlation between Fsu,g and a traditional field synergy number characterizing convective heat transfer capability, Fc, were derived, which reveals the coupled mechanisms of mechanical energy dissipation and thermal energy transport. The proposed principle was applied in typical channel flows subjected to convective heat transfer, and its benefits were demonstrated. It is noted that both pressure drop reduction and convective heat transfer enhancement can be achieved in using the proposed principle. This paper provides a new insight for improving thermo-hydraulic performance of heat exchangers.","PeriodicalId":510895,"journal":{"name":"ASME journal of heat and mass transfer","volume":"24 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139781618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat Flux Characterization From a Band Heater to Pipe Using Inverse Heat Conduction Problem Method","authors":"Ramon Peruchi Pacheco da Silva, K. Woodbury, F. Samadi, Joseph Carpenter","doi":"10.1115/1.4064731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064731","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An experimental apparatus was constructed to correlate water flow rate and temperature rise under an external band heater. Due to the physical characteristics of the band heater, its transient heating behavior is unknown. This paper investigates the application of Inverse Heat Conduction Problem (IHCP) methods to characterize the heat flux from the band heater. Three experiments with different heating times (5, 10, and 20 seconds) and no flow rate were conducted to measure the transient temperature under the 400 W band heater. Type-T thermocouples measure surface temperature at the centerline of the band heater. The experimental results are computed with five different heat conduction models. The models are chosen to identify how the heat flux response varies from a simplified to a realistic model. Additionally, the results of the experimental heat flux are compared to the manufacturer band heater data (58.9 kW/m2) for each model. The minimum time needed for the heater to fully energize the system is from 10 to 12 seconds. The residuals for each model are analyzed and used to evaluate the appropriateness of the five different models. The results show that the use of simpler models can achieve results similar to those of complex models, with less time and computational cost.","PeriodicalId":510895,"journal":{"name":"ASME journal of heat and mass transfer","volume":"31 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Flow Pulsation and Surface Geometry On Heat Transfer Performance in a Channel with Teardrop-shaped Dimples Investigated by Large Eddy Simulation","authors":"K. Inokuma, Yuki Yawata, A. Murata, K. Iwamoto","doi":"10.1115/1.4064735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064735","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Large eddy simulation was performed to investigate heat transfer performance of a pulsating flow over teardrop-shaped dimples. A total of six geometries of dimpled surfaces were examined for dimple arrangements of in-line/staggered/original and dimple inclination angle of 0-60 deg. Pulsating flows were generated by sinusoidally varying the volume-averaged velocity. The pulsation frequency and amplitude were changed for the Strouhal number of 0-0.60 and the root-mean-square velocity amplitude normalized by the bulk flow velocity of 0-0.14. The results showed that the surface-averaged Nusselt number and friction factor were larger for the pulsating flow case than those for the steady flow case. The surface-averaged Nusselt number ratio and the friction factor increased with the Strouhal number up to the Strouhal number of 0.30. For the Strouhal number larger than 0.30, they decreased with the Strouhal number or stayed almost constant. Consequently, the heat transfer efficiency index increased with the Strouhal number. The increase in the local Nusselt number ratio due to the flow pulsation was observed at the leading-edge region of the dimples. The results of the streamlines near the dimple showed that the swirling separation bubble was located closer to the leading-edge region due to the pulsation, which resulted in the increase of the absolute values of the turbulent heat flux and the local Nusselt number ratio.","PeriodicalId":510895,"journal":{"name":"ASME journal of heat and mass transfer","volume":"445 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Buoyancy and Velocity Field Synergy Principle in Convective Heat Transfer and its Role in Thermo-Hydraulic Performance Improvement","authors":"Dong Yang, Xinyue Hu, Feilong Chen, Yingli Liu","doi":"10.1115/1.4064734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064734","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study proposes the buoyancy and velocity field synergy principle and aims to enhance thermo-hydraulic performance in convective heat transfer. A mechanical energy conservation equation concerning synergy between buoyancy and velocity was derived, which describes the mechanical energy transport and dissipation in convective heat transfer. Two new field synergy numbers, Fsu,g and Fsu,p, were proposed to characterize the degree of synergy between velocity and buoyancy, and the degree of synergy between velocity and pressure gradient over the fluid domain, respectively. The pressure drop of a channel subjected to convective heat transfer is related to not only Gr/Re2 but also Fsu,g. Under a same Gr/Re2, a larger | Fsu,g | leads to a smaller | Fsu,p |, and thus the pressure drop is decreased. Furthermore, the multi-field synergetic relationships among buoyancy, velocity, temperature gradient and pressure gradient were analyzed for convective heat transfer in channels. The correlation between Fsu,p and Fsu,g *Gr/Re2, and the correlation between Fsu,g and a traditional field synergy number characterizing convective heat transfer capability, Fc, were derived, which reveals the coupled mechanisms of mechanical energy dissipation and thermal energy transport. The proposed principle was applied in typical channel flows subjected to convective heat transfer, and its benefits were demonstrated. It is noted that both pressure drop reduction and convective heat transfer enhancement can be achieved in using the proposed principle. This paper provides a new insight for improving thermo-hydraulic performance of heat exchangers.","PeriodicalId":510895,"journal":{"name":"ASME journal of heat and mass transfer","volume":"139 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melting and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Phase Change Material: A Comparative Study On Wire Mesh Finned Structure and Other Fin Configurations","authors":"Arun Uniyal, Deepak Kumar, Y. Prajapati","doi":"10.1115/1.4064732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064732","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the present paper, a two-dimensional transient numerical study has been performed to investigate the influence of different fin designs on the melting and heat transfer characteristics of phase change material (PCM) filled inside the square enclosure. Paraffin wax is considered PCM in the present study. Five distinct fin designs were considered: single rectangular, double rectangular, double triangular, double angled, and wire mesh. It is worth noting that all these fin designs have the same heat transfer area. Six parameters were evaluated to determine the best fin configurations: melting time, enhancement ratio (ER), time savings, energy stored, mean power, and Nusselt number. The results show that all the fin designs outperformed as compared to Model 1 (no fin configuration). Among the finned configurations, Model 2 had the poorest performance, taking 1314 seconds to complete melting, while Model 6 had the most efficient fin design, with a melting time reduced by 67.53% compared to Model 1. Model 6 also had the highest ER and mean power, i.e., 70.43% and 199.51%, respectively, and as the melting process continued, the Nusselt number decreased. In addition to the above, we optimized the element size of the wire mesh fin design using the RSM methodology. This optimized design decreased the melting period by 70.04%. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of different finned configurations for improving the melting performance of PCM in a square enclosure, with the wire-mesh fin design showing the most promising result.","PeriodicalId":510895,"journal":{"name":"ASME journal of heat and mass transfer","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139841765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melting and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Phase Change Material: A Comparative Study On Wire Mesh Finned Structure and Other Fin Configurations","authors":"Arun Uniyal, Deepak Kumar, Y. Prajapati","doi":"10.1115/1.4064732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064732","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the present paper, a two-dimensional transient numerical study has been performed to investigate the influence of different fin designs on the melting and heat transfer characteristics of phase change material (PCM) filled inside the square enclosure. Paraffin wax is considered PCM in the present study. Five distinct fin designs were considered: single rectangular, double rectangular, double triangular, double angled, and wire mesh. It is worth noting that all these fin designs have the same heat transfer area. Six parameters were evaluated to determine the best fin configurations: melting time, enhancement ratio (ER), time savings, energy stored, mean power, and Nusselt number. The results show that all the fin designs outperformed as compared to Model 1 (no fin configuration). Among the finned configurations, Model 2 had the poorest performance, taking 1314 seconds to complete melting, while Model 6 had the most efficient fin design, with a melting time reduced by 67.53% compared to Model 1. Model 6 also had the highest ER and mean power, i.e., 70.43% and 199.51%, respectively, and as the melting process continued, the Nusselt number decreased. In addition to the above, we optimized the element size of the wire mesh fin design using the RSM methodology. This optimized design decreased the melting period by 70.04%. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of different finned configurations for improving the melting performance of PCM in a square enclosure, with the wire-mesh fin design showing the most promising result.","PeriodicalId":510895,"journal":{"name":"ASME journal of heat and mass transfer","volume":"30 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139782015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Heat Source Layout Optimization by Using Deep Learning Surrogate Models","authors":"Ji Lang, Qianqian Wang, Shan Tong","doi":"10.1115/1.4064733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064733","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The optimization of heat source layout (HSLO) is able to facilitate superior heat dissipation, thereby addressing the complexities associated with thermal management. However, HSLO is characterized by numerous degrees of freedom and complex interrelations between components. Conventional optimization methodologies often exhibit limitations such as high computational demands and diminished efficiency, particularly with large-scale predicaments. This study introduces the application of deep learning surrogate models grounded in backpropagation neural (BP) networks to optimize heat source layouts. These models afford rapid and precise evaluations, diminishing computational loads and enhancing the efficiency of HSLO. The suggested framework integrates coarse and fine search modules to traverse the layout space and pinpoint optimal configurations competently. Parametric examinations are taken to explore the impact of refinement grades and conductive ratios, which dominates the optimization problem. The pattern changes of the conductive channel have been presented. Moreover, the critical conductive ratio has been found, below which the conductive material can not contribute to heat dissipation. The outcomes elucidate the fundamental processes of HSLO, providing valuable insights for pioneering thermal management strategies.","PeriodicalId":510895,"journal":{"name":"ASME journal of heat and mass transfer","volume":"39 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139840329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}