Journal of Arachnology最新文献_第5页

Rainforest pelican spiders (Archaeidae: Austrarchaea) of south-eastern Queensland, Australia: two new species and a distributional reassessment of regional endemic clades 澳大利亚昆士兰州东南部雨林鹈鹕蛛（始祖科：Austrarchaea）：两个新种和区域特有分支的分布重新评估

IF 1 3区农林科学

Journal of Arachnology Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1636/JoA-S-21-071

M. Rix, J. W. Wilmer, M. Harvey

{"title":"Rainforest pelican spiders (Archaeidae: Austrarchaea) of south-eastern Queensland, Australia: two new species and a distributional reassessment of regional endemic clades","authors":"M. Rix, J. W. Wilmer, M. Harvey","doi":"10.1636/JoA-S-21-071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-21-071","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Two new species of pelican spiders (family Archaeidae) are described from rainforest habitats in south-eastern Queensland, Australia – Austrarchaea davidi Rix, sp. nov. and A. laidlawae Rix, sp. nov. – and the female of A. clyneae Rix & Harvey, 2011 is described for the first time. Phylogenetic analysis of a mitochondrial molecular dataset for the genes cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and II reveals that these two new species are the closest relatives of A. judyae Rix & Harvey, 2011 and A. clyneae, respectively, with mitochondrial sequencing also used to identify newly-collected specimens of Austrarchaea from populations throughout south-eastern Queensland. These recent collections were largely made during dedicated survey work conducted after the devastating 2019–20 summer bushfires in eastern Australia. We further provide a synopsis of the archaeid fauna of south-eastern Queensland, which is comprised of 11 species in two monophyletic regional-endemic clades. A revised key to species is presented for both clades, along with updated distributional information, and live habitus images for nine of the 11 species.","PeriodicalId":51076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arachnology","volume":"50 1","pages":"231 - 249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47282737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The pseudoscorpion genus Centrochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) from central Asia and description of a new species from Nepal 中亚拟蝎子属(拟蝎子目:拟蝎子科)及尼泊尔一新种记述

IF 1 3区农林科学

Journal of Arachnology Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1636/JoA-S-21-033

M. Harvey, D. Harms

{"title":"The pseudoscorpion genus Centrochthonius (Pseudoscorpiones: Pseudotyrannochthoniidae) from central Asia and description of a new species from Nepal","authors":"M. Harvey, D. Harms","doi":"10.1636/JoA-S-21-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-21-033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The pseudotyrannochthoniid genus Centrochthonius Beier, 1931 is one of the rarest and most poorly understood pseudoscorpion genera in the world. Only a handful of specimens are presently known, all from high-altitude habitats in China, Kyrgyzstan and Nepal. The inaccessibility of specimens has resulted in major taxonomic difficulties such as a poor generic diagnosis, but also a lack of understanding of evolutionary patterns in this psychrophilic fauna. Herein we diagnose Centrochthonius for the first time since its original description and include four Holocene species: one from Kyrgyzstan, two from China, and C. anatonus sp. nov. from Nepal. A fifth fossil species from Bitterfeld amber (Oligocene-Miocene) in central Europe highlights significant range retraction and continental extinction in this genus since the Neogene, leading us to suggest a climatic relict hypothesis for this fauna. Biogeographically, the genus provides further evidence for significant range shifts and extinction events in the Holarctic invertebrate biota during the Cenozoic. Close relatives of Centrochthonius are found in subterranean habitats throughout eastern Asia and warm temperate forests in the western U.S.A. which highlights the magnitude of range retraction caused by climatic cycling in an ancient fauna since at least the Paleogene. The subgenus Allochthonius (Urochthonius) Morikawa, 1954 from caves in Japan has been largely defined by the presence of troglomorphic features such as eye loss, which are here regarded as insufficient to retain as a separate clade from other species of Allochthonius. Therefore, Allochthonius (Urochthonius) is treated as a junior synonym of Allochthonius (syn. nov.).","PeriodicalId":51076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arachnology","volume":"50 1","pages":"158 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46592778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Big, bad, and red: Giant velvet mite defenses and life strategies (Trombidiformes: Trombidiidae: Dinothrombium) 大、坏、红：巨型绒螨的防御和生活策略（Trombidiformes：Trombidiidae：Dinostrombium）

IF 1 3区农林科学

Journal of Arachnology Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1636/JoA-S-21-019

J. Schmidt, L. Schmidt

{"title":"Big, bad, and red: Giant velvet mite defenses and life strategies (Trombidiformes: Trombidiidae: Dinothrombium)","authors":"J. Schmidt, L. Schmidt","doi":"10.1636/JoA-S-21-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-21-019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Giant velvet mites, the largest living mites, are a familiar sight when they are present above ground, usually after the first summer rains, in warm arid areas. Despite their often-conspicuous presence in enormous numbers, little is known about their basic biology, life history strategies, or predators. The emergence of Dinothrombium magnificum (LeConte, 1852) in southern Arizona, USA usually occurs after the first summer rain that exceeds 1 cm. Of the 17 species of vertebrate predators offered velvet mites, only those that quickly engulf their prey intact (horned lizards and toads) successfully preyed upon the mites. Even those ate only one or few before rejecting subsequent mites. Of the 12 species of insect predators and 11 species of other arthropod predators offered mites, only the larvae of antlions were possibly meaningful predators. Nevertheless, antlion larvae only rarely succeeded in puncturing the rubbery integument of a mite and killing it. When sampled by an author, a velvet mite produced an exceedingly bitter, astringent, and spicy taste that endured in the mouth for about an hour. Overall, velvet mites appear to have no meaningful predators, likely because of their enormous suite of highly effective defensives: red aposematic coloration, aposematic odor, a tough puncture-resistant integument, unpleasant tasting chemicals on the integument, and exceedingly distasteful internal compounds.","PeriodicalId":51076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arachnology","volume":"50 1","pages":"175 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49517977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Two new species of Neobisium (Ommatoblothrus) Beier from Socotra (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) 索科特拉新蝎属二新种（蛛形纲：假蝎目：新蝎科）

IF 1 3区农林科学

Journal of Arachnology Pub Date : 2022-08-10 DOI: 10.1636/JoA-S-21-052

M. Nassirkhani, M. Sharaf, Amr A. Mohamed, A. Aldawood

引用次数: 0

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS(revised April 2022) 作者须知（2022年4月修订）

IF 1 3区农林科学

Journal of Arachnology Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1636/0161-8202-50.1.118

引用次数: 0

Introducing the World Arachnida Catalog: the new research environment for (almost all) arachnid orders 介绍世界蛛形纲目录：（几乎所有）蛛形纲的新研究环境

IF 1 3区农林科学

Journal of Arachnology Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1636/JoA-S-21-063

D. Harms, W. Nentwig, Daniela Gloor, M. Harvey

{"title":"Introducing the World Arachnida Catalog: the new research environment for (almost all) arachnid orders","authors":"D. Harms, W. Nentwig, Daniela Gloor, M. Harvey","doi":"10.1636/JoA-S-21-063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-21-063","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The World Arachnida Catalog (WAC, online at https://wac.nmbe.ch) is introduced as an amalgamation of the highly successful World Spider Catalog (WSC), the Pseudoscorpions of the World Catalog, and the Smaller Arachnid Order Catalogs. The new catalogs present all available taxonomic information on eight arachnid orders (Amblypygi, Araneae, Pseudoscorpiones, Ricinulei, Palpigradi, Schizomida, Solifugae and Uropygi) in a single location and a standardized format, continuously updated by specialists, to members of the World Spider Catalog Association (WSCA). For the first time, the majority of taxonomic literature for Pseudoscorpiones and the smaller arachnid orders will be available in downloadable PDF format for members according to the Swiss copyright laws. Up-to-date counts of families, genera and species are given alongside the current taxonomy for each taxon. Now in a common place and presented in an almost unified format, the new catalog aims to become the primary repository of taxonomic information for the Arachnida and will hopefully stimulate arachnological research across all arachnid orders by removing boundaries imposed by literature accessibility, incompatibility of formats, or taxonomic jargon.","PeriodicalId":51076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arachnology","volume":"50 1","pages":"113 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44045866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ecology and behavior of the troglobitic harvestman Jimeneziella decui Avram, 1970 (Arachnida: Opiliones) 穴居采收人Jimeneziella decui Avram的生态学和行为，1970(蛛形纲:蛛形纲)

IF 1 3区农林科学

Journal of Arachnology Pub Date : 2022-04-15 DOI: 10.1636/JoA-S-20-089

Aylin Alegre Barroso, René Barba Díaz, Germán M. López Iborra

{"title":"Ecology and behavior of the troglobitic harvestman Jimeneziella decui Avram, 1970 (Arachnida: Opiliones)","authors":"Aylin Alegre Barroso, René Barba Díaz, Germán M. López Iborra","doi":"10.1636/JoA-S-20-089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-20-089","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The troglobitic harvestman Jimeneziella decui Avram, 1970 is known from four neighboring caves (Cueva de Majana, Cueva de los Golondrinos, Cueva Perla del Agua, and Cueva de Máximo) located in eastern Cuba. We present the first ecological data on a population of this endangered species in Cueva de Máximo. The sex ratio of the population estimated in the main gallery of the cave was not different from 1:1. The spatial distribution observed was uniform, and the density of individuals was 0.48 individuals/m2 (February–March) and 0.84 individuals/m2 (November). We describe morphological differences between the sexes and between males. Preliminary morphological and behavioral data suggests the possible existence of two male morphs in J. decui (“robust” and “slender” males). The slender males possessed less developed armature on leg IV; and the chelicerae, coxa IV and femur IV were less swollen than robust males. Our observations on male-male interactions suggest that robust males are more aggressive than slender males, which never initiated an attack on robust males, but in some occasions responded to attacks from robust males. The non-aggressive behavior exhibited by robust males towards slender males also suggests that the slender morph is not only a sneaker, but potentially a female mimic, which is also consistent with the morphology of slender males. Ecological and behavioral information also suggests the possible existence of territories defended by robust males with their well-developed weapons, and the presence of females inside them.","PeriodicalId":51076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arachnology","volume":"50 1","pages":"101 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43187749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of microhabitat use on the foraging and diet of the striped bark scorpion, Centruroides vittatus (Buthidae: Scorpiones) in blackbrush habitat of south Texas 微生境利用对南德克萨斯黑灌木生境中斑皮蝎(蝎科)觅食和食性的影响

IF 1 3区农林科学

Journal of Arachnology Pub Date : 2022-04-12 DOI: 10.1636/JoA-S-20-076

C. McReynolds

{"title":"The effect of microhabitat use on the foraging and diet of the striped bark scorpion, Centruroides vittatus (Buthidae: Scorpiones) in blackbrush habitat of south Texas","authors":"C. McReynolds","doi":"10.1636/JoA-S-20-076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-20-076","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Microhabitat use by predators can be influenced by prey availability, predator size and risk of cannibalism. The preferred microhabitat for a predator can be for foraging, feeding or as a refuge. In this study in south Texas, Centruroides vittatus (Say, 1821) of all size classes utilized both ground and vegetation microhabitats. There was a high proportion of scorpions with caterpillars in legumes and low proportion of scorpions with any of the prey types on the ground. The median height of scorpions with prey did vary, with scorpions on legumes with caterpillar prey the highest and scorpions on other vegetation with dangerous prey the lowest. Intermediate size scorpions used legumes at a high frequency during January–April, and large scorpions used succulents at very high frequency during September–December. Scorpions climbed higher in blackbrush and other legumes than in other vegetation types. These results suggest that scorpions are actively foraging for caterpillars in legumes, and legumes are a quality microhabitat for foraging. The low proportion of scorpions with prey on the ground suggests that C. vittatus feed on prey on vegetation even if the prey was captured on the ground. A possible advantage for the scorpion to handle and consume prey on vegetation is lower predation risk or interference while feeding. The high use of succulents by the large scorpions cannot be explained by foraging success. A possibility is that succulents are preferred refuges by all C. vittatus but smaller scorpions avoid succulents because of the risk of cannibalism by the larger scorpions.","PeriodicalId":51076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arachnology","volume":"50 1","pages":"90 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44647976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Sexual behavior of Metaltella iheringi (Keyserling, 1891) (Araneae: Desidae): sexual patterns, female quiescence and comparisons with other spiders 伊赫林基Metaltella iheringi的性行为（Keyserling，1891）（蜘蛛目：Desidae）：性模式、雌性静止以及与其他蜘蛛的比较

IF 1 3区农林科学

Journal of Arachnology Pub Date : 2022-03-25 DOI: 10.1636/JoA-S-20-045

Débora A. Abregú, C. Simian, C. Mattoni, A. Peretti

{"title":"Sexual behavior of Metaltella iheringi (Keyserling, 1891) (Araneae: Desidae): sexual patterns, female quiescence and comparisons with other spiders","authors":"Débora A. Abregú, C. Simian, C. Mattoni, A. Peretti","doi":"10.1636/JoA-S-20-045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-20-045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. There are few works on the reproductive behavior of species of cribellate spiders. Even more scarce are studies of the reproductive behavior of representatives of the Desidae, such as the genus Metaltella Mello-Leitão, 1931. In this paper, we describe for the first time the reproductive behavior of Metaltella iheringi (Keyserling, 1891), a species that is characterized by complex genitalia in both sexes. We determined frequencies and durations of the behaviors in the different phases. Thirty virgin males were exposed to virgin females and the behaviors performed by each sex, as well as their frequencies, were recorded. Three phases were identified: pre-copulatory, copulatory, and post-copulatory. The most frequent behaviors were chelicera-palp rubbing, abdomen vibration and web-stretching by the male, and body-shaking and leg-tapping on the web by the female. When the male grabbed the female, she typically fell into a state of quiescence (the female remained motionless with legs in a semi-flexed position) and she remained so even after the male ended the copulation. Mating was characterized by low aggression by the female and a low incidence of cannibalism. In the post-copulatory phase, the male performed frequent behaviors such as abdomen vibration, sperm induction, and post-copulatory cohabitation. We discuss the possible implications of these behaviors in a pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection context. We also provide information that serves as a basis for future studies to understand the mechanisms involved in these behaviors.","PeriodicalId":51076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arachnology","volume":"50 1","pages":"81 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45048699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Together but not intertwined: differences in sexual behavior between two sympatric and synchronic spider species, including one new synonymy (Araneae: Tetragnathidae: Tetragnatha) 共同但不交织:两种同域和同步蜘蛛的性行为差异，包括一种新的同义蜘蛛(蜘蛛目:四爪蛛科:四爪蛛)

IF 1 3区农林科学

Journal of Arachnology Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1636/JoA-S-21-006

F. Cargnelutti, Fedra Bollatti, M. Izquierdo, P. Castanheira, Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista, G. Barrantes, A. Aisenberg

{"title":"Together but not intertwined: differences in sexual behavior between two sympatric and synchronic spider species, including one new synonymy (Araneae: Tetragnathidae: Tetragnatha)","authors":"F. Cargnelutti, Fedra Bollatti, M. Izquierdo, P. Castanheira, Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista, G. Barrantes, A. Aisenberg","doi":"10.1636/JoA-S-21-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1636/JoA-S-21-006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Species recognition and reproductive isolation are critical for organisms to prevent expensive and unsuccessful matings. This may be particularly important in closely related species that coexist synchronously in the same habitat, and for which reproductive barriers are not entirely effective. Tetragnatha argentinensis Mello-Leitão, 1931 and T. nitens (Audouin, 1826) are two long-jawed orb weaver spiders whose feeding grounds and reproductive phenology overlap extensively. Since general patterns of sexual behavior observed in the field showed no apparent differences between these two species, we proposed to evaluate the occurrence of heterospecific mating, and explored the occurrence of potential reproductive isolation mechanisms between them by analyzing in fine scale the mating behaviors of each species and sex. We observed only one heterospecific mating, and few or no sexual interactions occurred in other crossed trials. We found that both species showed similar general mating patterns, however, there are some subtle differences between them. In T. nitens, males clasped the female's chelicerae with their own, but the opposite occurred in T. argentinensis. Moreover, males of T. nitens produced fewer hematodochal inflations, lower number of flubs, and shorter insertions than males of T. argentinensis. Females of T. argentinensis vibrated their abdomen at a higher rate. Our results indicate that these sympatric Tetragnatha species have successful reproductive isolation that probably takes place through recognition mechanisms occurring prior to mating. We provide an update on the taxonomic status of T. argentinensis and its distribution, and a new junior synonymy.","PeriodicalId":51076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Arachnology","volume":"50 1","pages":"67 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43442926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1