International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Different exposure times of flexion distraction technique in the L5-S1 distance and local pain of patients with chronic low back pain: A feasibility study","authors":"Maria Alice Mainenti Pagnez ,&nbsp;Maria Silveira Mello ,&nbsp;Juliana Valentim Bittencourt ,&nbsp;François Ricard ,&nbsp;Leandro Alberto Calazans Nogueira","doi":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2024.100714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2024.100714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Low back pain (LBP) is a worldwide public health problem. The flexion-distraction technique (FDT) has been considered to treat LBP. However, the adequate dosage and the treatment effects are not clearly understood. This feasibility study aimed to assess the effects of different exposure times with 5 and 10 min of the FDT on the L5-S1 distance and pressure pain threshold (PPT) of patients with chronic LBP.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A two-arm, examiner-blinded, randomized controlled feasibility trial with participants with chronic LBP enrolled in an outpatient clinic. Participants were randomly assigned to FDT-T5 (5 min) or FDT-T10 (10 min). The distance between the L5 lamina and the sacral promontory, and the PPT at the L5 spinous process was measured before and immediately after FDT. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure L5-S1 distance, and the pressure algometry examined the PPT. Pre- and post-intervention data were compared between two groups by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. We also calculated the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the L5-S1 measurement.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Seventeen participants [10 (58.8 %) females, mean age 45 (±12) years] completed all procedures. Improvements in the intervertebral space [FDT-T5 mean change = 2.65 (95 %CI 1.45, 3.85) mm; FDT-T10 mean change = 1.88 (95 %CI -1.86, 5.63) mm] and decreases in PPT values [FDT-T5 mean change = −0.55 (95 %CI -1.35, 0.26) Kgf; FDT-T10 mean change = −0.79 (95 %CI -1.92, 0.34) Kgf] were observed, although there was no significant difference between the two groups for the distance between the L5 lamina and the sacral promontory (p = 0.595) or the spinous process L5 PPT (p = 0.672) after the intervention. Good reliability values were found for inter- and intra-rater measurements ranging between ICC = 0.81 to ICC = 0.88).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this feasibility trial, both groups showed an increased distance between L5-S1 and decreased the PPT in the L5 spinous process, indicating greater pain sensitivity after the intervention. These quantitative methods may measure distance and pain in definitive studies.</p></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>This is the first study to compare the distance between the L5 lamina and the sacral promontory after the flexion-distraction technique (FDT) using ultrasound imaging (USI).</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>The present study could not determine the effect of a particular time of exposure to FDT (FDT-T5 or FDT-T10 min).</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Both groups (FDT-T5 and FDT-T10 min) increased the lumbar distance, corresponding to mobilization of the lumbar region.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Both groups presented decreased values of PPT in the L5 spinous process immediately after the technique.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>A single session of FDT showed i","PeriodicalId":51068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139552100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot study to assess medical students' perception of their osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT) education","authors":"Nathaniel J. Leavitt,&nbsp;Rachel S. Sundman,&nbsp;Jessica R. Mazzi,&nbsp;Johannie M. Spaan,&nbsp;Glen E. Kisby","doi":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2024.100713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2024.100713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this pilot study was to determine which factors (both positive and negative) of a medical students' OMT training influenced their perception of OMT and their intent to use it in the future.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A computer-based survey was distributed to medical students (years 1–4) at two different campuses of an Osteopathic Medical School based in the United States. Multiple factors affecting students' perception of OMT were assessed, including experiences prior to medical school or during their pre-clinical years, virtual/in-person learning, OMT club, OMT clerkship, and OMT fellowship. Students were also asked about their confidence in using OMT, overall perception of OMT, and future intent to use OMT.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Factors that appeared to positively influence medical students' perception of OMT were in-person hands-on training (76 %), prior medical school experiences (31 %), OMT club activities (19 %), and OMT fellowship (9 %). Those that appeared to negatively influence their perception were virtual learning (47 %) and pre-clinical lecture hours (46 %). Medical students' overall perception of OMT diminished when comparing first-year to third- and fourth-year students. Selecting an osteopathic school for OMT training also had a positive influence on a students' perception of OMT. Students who were satisfied and confident in their training reported a higher likelihood of using OMT in the future.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Students' attitude toward OMT and their reported likelihood of future use of OMT were improved by hands-on/in-person learning, clinical OMT opportunities, and OMT experiences prior to medical school. Greater attention must be focused on these forms of OMT education.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139515174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of manual assessment of respiratory motion in patients with unilateral cervical radiculopathy: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Amin Kordi Yoosefinejad ,&nbsp;Raziyeh Yousefiyan ,&nbsp;Raziyeh Nazari ,&nbsp;Iman Rezaei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2024.100708","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2024.100708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Altered breathing pattern is a consequence of dysfunctional breathing. The respiratory pattern might be impaired </span>in patients<span> with cervical radiculopathy<span> due to the involvement of common nerve roots with the phrenic nerve (C3– C5).</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of a technique for evaluating the breathing pattern known as manual assessment of respiratory motion (MARM) in patients with unilateral cervical radiculopathy.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Cross-sectional study.</p></div><div><h3>Setting</h3><p>Rehabilitation Sciences Research Center</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>Twenty-five patients with unilateral cervical radiculopathy aged 30–55 years participated in this study.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Two experienced physical therapists investigated the respiratory pattern of the patients during normal and deep breathing using MARM, separately. Assessments were repeated again a week apart by each examiner. The inter- and intra-rater reliability of the MARM were calculated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>“Very good” inter-rater and intra-rater reliability were found with the MARM values during both normal and deep breathing patterns. (Inter-rater: ICC range = 0.71 to 0.82; intra-rater: ICC range = 0.72 to 0.80).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>MARM is a reliable clinical and research tool for assessing breathing patterns with very good inter- and intra-rater reliability in patients with unilateral cervical radiculopathy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139373877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usual light touch osteopathic treatment versus simple light touch without intent in the reduction of infantile colic crying time: A randomised controlled trial","authors":"Dawn Carnes ,&nbsp;Philip Bright ,&nbsp;Kevin Brownhill ,&nbsp;Karen Carroll ,&nbsp;Roger Engel ,&nbsp;Sandra Grace ,&nbsp;Steven Vogel ,&nbsp;Paul Vaucher","doi":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2024.100710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2024.100710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Many parents seek osteopathic care for their infants with colic. Our aim was to test the effectiveness of usual light touch osteopathic treatment on crying time for infants with ‘colic’.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A superiority, two arm, single blinded (parent) multi-centre (UK, Australia and Switzerland), randomised controlled trial, included healthy infants between 1 and 69 days of age who excessively cried, fussed, or were distressed and difficult to console. The Test intervention consisted of usual light touch osteopathic treatment, the Control intervention simple light touch to random body locations with no treatment intent. Both groups received best practice advice and guidance. The primary outcome was the daily crying time, reported hourly by parents in a diary, for two-weeks. Secondary outcomes were parenting confidence, global change, satisfaction, and experience of care.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Sixty-six infants were recruited (32 Test: 34 Control group). Mean average daily crying time in the Test group was 124 min (SD = 69, n = 26) and in the Control 115 min (SD = 49, n = 29). After adjustment, infants in the Test group cried 2.2 min more per day than those in the Control group (CI95 % −20 to 25 min, p = 0.849). Parents’ perceptions of global change in symptoms, satisfaction with, and experience of care were high and similar in both groups. There were no serious adverse events related to the treatments or the trial.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Usual light touch osteopathic treatment was not superior to simple light touch without treatment intent. The biomechanical explanatory models and underpinning assumptions about the mechanisms of osteopathic intentional light touch care may require reconsideration.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>ACTRN12620000047998 (January 22, 2020).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139102640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The inter- and intra-rater reliability of the manual diaphragm assessment scale in healthy participants","authors":"Inês Viegas ,&nbsp;Catarina Francisco ,&nbsp;Edgar Farinha ,&nbsp;Alexandre Nunes","doi":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2024.100709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2024.100709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The main aim of this study was to test the inter and intra-rater reliability of the Manual Diaphragm Assessment (MED) scale and compared with chest expansion (CE) in healthy participants.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A reliability study, with a sample of 45 healthy participants, composed of 30 women and 15 men. Participants were evaluated by two raters. The MED assesses seven different points on the diaphragm and rates its degree of restriction on a scale of 1–5. Upper and lower CE were measured in centimeters with a measuring tape, which is a valid and reliable method. The intraclass coefficients (ICC) for inter and intra-rater reliability for CE and MED were calculated for mean measurement consistency using a two-way random effects model.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The intra- and inter-rater reliability of MEDs ranged from low to moderate. The majority of the ICC values in intra-rater reliability were greater than in inter-rater reliability, and the majority of the ICC values in both were higher at the left assessment point. CE inter- and intra-reliability ICC varied from moderate to good. For the upper and lower CE, the inter-rater reliability ICC values were greater than 0.74, and the intra-rater reliability was greater than 0.71.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The manual evaluation diaphragm scale had poor to moderate intra and inter-reliability. The chest expansion's intra and inter-reliability ranged from moderate to good, which was consistent with previous studies. Measuring chest expansion with a tape is a reliable method of evaluating the diaphragm in a clinical setting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139373643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteopathic management of non-specific neck pain: Preliminary findings from a cross sectional study of Australian osteopaths","authors":"Michael Fleischmann ,&nbsp;Pat McLaughlin ,&nbsp;Brett Vaughan ,&nbsp;Alan Hayes","doi":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2023.100706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2023.100706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Neck pain is a highly prevalent condition that leads to considerable pain and disability. There is an economic cost to neck pain at both a personal and broader health system level. Neck pain may be classified as ‘non-specific’ neck pain (NSNP) when there is an absence of identifiable underlying disease or abnormal anatomical structure. Osteopaths play a role in the management of NSNP, but it is unclear how osteopaths specifically manage this condition. This study explores what osteopaths do for patients with NSNP.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cross sectional design. Via an online survey.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All participants in this study reported applying soft tissue techniques, using exercise prescription, discussing physical activity levels, physical fitness, stress management, pain education and posture and ergonomics for patients with NSNP. Less than half of the osteopaths in this study reported using PROMs in clinical practice for the management of non-specific neck pain and only a small number completed continuing professional development (CPD) related to the clinical management of NSNP.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study demonstrates Australian osteopaths use a range of manual therapy techniques and education strategies in clinical practice for the management of NSNP in line with clinical practice guidelines.</p></div><div><h3>Implications for clinical practice</h3><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>All osteopaths in this study reported applying soft tissue techniques, using exercise prescription, discussing physical activity levels, physical fitness, stress management, pain education and posture and ergonomics for patients with NSNP.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Less than half of the osteopaths in this study reported using PROMs in clinical practice for the management of non-specific neck pain.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Only a small number of Australian osteopaths completed continuing professional development (CPD) related to the clinical management of NSNP.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":51068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1746068923000500/pdfft?md5=39a94bb3fe5d75a7033cc3b8c337523a&pid=1-s2.0-S1746068923000500-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139065004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relational clinical practice: A hermeneutic, enactive, intersubjective model of osteopathy","authors":"Amanda Banton ,&nbsp;Steven Vogel","doi":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2023.100707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2023.100707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This commentary proposes a framework for considering the philosophical foundations that support osteopathic practice, using the metaphor of ‘tectonic plates’. It is argued that reflective osteopathic practitioners, and the organisations they make up, would benefit from engaging with the differing ontological and epistemological traditions that underpin healthcare theory, evidence and practice. It is proposed that having more insight into the philosophical traditions of reality (ontologies) and forms of knowledge (epistemologies), that underpin medicine and healthcare, will support ethical, reflective practice, informed by the concepts of ontic integrity and epistemic humility. We focus particularly on phenomenological ontology and epistemology, which we propose underpins the relational and embodied concept of osteopathy as hermeneutic, enactive, intersubjective healthcare, locating it within the sphere of phenomenological and enactivist theory and research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139064748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to running analysis in the clinical setting: A masterclass","authors":"Nicholas Tripodi ,&nbsp;Jack Feehan ,&nbsp;Daniel Corcoran ,&nbsp;Brett Vaughan ,&nbsp;Patrick McLaughlin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2023.100698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2023.100698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Running is a widely-adopted exercise modality, with relatively low financial barriers to access, and is associated with a host of health benefits. However, with this high participation rate, comes a high risk of running related injury (RRI)—with rates of up to 85 % being reported. There are many drivers of RRI such as training load, genetic and anthropometric factors, with biomechanical factors being an important consideration also. Traditionally, biomechanical gait analysis was only able to be performed in expensive specialised 3D gait laboratories. However, since the introduction of smart devices and apps, 2D gait analysis is now an accessible tool to any musculoskeletal clinician. Despite the high availability of these technologies in practice, there is currently a lack of resources for proper application and training in clinical gait analysis. Therefore, the aim of this masterclass is to provide an easy to understand, and apply guide to 2D biomechanical running analysis and running retraining in routine clinical practice.<br></p></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><p></p><ul><li><span>•</span><span><p>Structured biomechanical analysis and running retraining can be used in the management of some RRIs.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>Running retraining advice should often be given in conjunction with training load and exercise rehabilitation advice.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>There is no evidence that prospectively changing an un-injured runner's biomechanics can have an influence on RRI development.</p></span></li><li><span>•</span><span><p>More research needs to be performed on the links between running kinematics and RRI.</p></span></li></ul></div>","PeriodicalId":51068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1746068923000421/pdfft?md5=36d4d0ce8f675f01d012495a2dff4a15&pid=1-s2.0-S1746068923000421-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139065003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing osteopathic education in Canada: New offerings, new direction","authors":"Monica Noy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2023.100697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2023.100697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>In September 2023, the first degree program for osteopathy, an Honours Bachelor of Science from </span>Sheridan College in the province of Ontario welcomed its first cohort [</span><span>1</span><span>]. This is the first full-time academic degree in Canada that offers a career opportunity in osteopathy directly from high school. The degree will include two new full semester courses that have not been offered in osteopathy in Canada as part of the core curriculum. The courses, Critical Thinking (CT), and The Philosophy and Science of Pain (Pain) are currently in development to start in second year. They constitute an important part of evidence-based education, which is critical to recognition and regulation of the profession.</span></p></div><div><h3>Implications for practice</h3><p>There are no direct implications for current practices. The new courses and the change of education type from private business to an academic setting will have significant implications for future practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139031309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of touch in osteopathic clinical encounters – A scoping review","authors":"Alessio Gessa ,&nbsp;Ian Greaves ,&nbsp;Jerry Draper-Rodi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2023.100704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijosm.2023.100704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This study aimed to scope the current scientific evidence about the role, use and effects of touch in the form of assessment and manual therapy intervention during osteopathic clinical encounters, in order to provide an up-to-date understanding of the use of hands-on modalities in the field of musculoskeletal (MSK) treatment. The primary research question was “what is the role of touch during osteopathic clinical encounters?”.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A scoping review was undertaken including all types of research on the topic of touch within the manual therapy world; the neurophysiology of touch; the contextual factors and non-specific effects connected to that. PubMed, Ovid Medline, Ovid Amed, Ovid Emcare and PEDro were searched from 2001 to December 2021. The search was then updated in August 2022.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>45 papers were included; much of the available literature revolved around the role of C-Tactile fibres and their interaction within the brain in relation to manual therapy; there is evidence about the non-specific and contextual factors’ influence in this interaction and the communication established between patient and practitioner, as well as treatment outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Touch can be considered a means through which osteopaths can interact with the patient as a person in a way that goes above and beyond their MSK presentation to enhance better general health and adaptation. However, paucity of data, low quality of evidence and methodological flaws warrant caution in the interpretation of the findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":51068,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Osteopathic Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}